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8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
1/12
Uv}fkmu kl M}tbpmol Eklmco Wba}cm 5 L}cdmt 4 Klvmaamev Avf 4007,
Otvkeam, Mlhakuj aolh}ohm, fbk> ?0,?5:7"umek,5,4,?0="?
C}avke}av}toakuc kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco
Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk Fmpotvcmlv bg Kvoakol Uv}fkmu!
Lmx [bti ]lkwmtukv{
OduvtoevCol{ goevbtu eblvtkd}vmf kl vjm aouv 50 {motu vb dtklh vb vjm gbtm vjm lmmf gbt o
lmx tmptmumlvovkbl bg vjm Kvoakol lovkbl kl vjm cmfko, Vjm{ upol gtbc vjm abeoa meb#
lbcke dbbc vb vjm ebcdklovkbl bg habdoa pbakvkeoa mwmlvu vjm xkfmuptmof ptbemuu
bg fm"eb}lvmt#ebablk~ovkbl! vjm fmckum bg ebcc}lkuv"ubekoakuv"fkevovbtkoa tmhkcmu
kl Mouvmtl M}tbpm! vjm pbwmtv{ olf vjm eakcovm bg vmttbt kl Lbtvj Ogtkeo! vjm fkuub#
a}vkbl bg vjm [}hbuaowkol gmfmtovkbl! Kvoa{ nbklklh vjm M}tbpmol ]lkbl olf ub gbtvj
olf vjm{ oaa eblvtkd}vmf vb vjm gbtcovkbl bg o xowm bg couu kcckhtovkbl kl vjm
pmlklu}ao, Bl o foka{ douku! uklem vjm mota{ lklmvkmu! couu kcckhtovkbl ptbcpvu vjm
eb}lvt{ vb tm#vjkli kvu kfmlvkv{ kl vmtcu bg e}av}tm! tmakhkbl! jmtkvohm! olf vb tm#
ukv}ovm kvumag kl o M}tbpmol olf habdoa eblvmzv! olf xjkam kl akvmtov}tm vjm j{pjml#
ovmf kfmlvkvkmu bg vjm eblvmcpbtot{ fkoupbtke xtkvmtu dmhkl vb mcmthm! vjm vmamwku}oa
olf eklmcovke tmptmumlvovkbl bg vjmkt ebttmaovkwmu ku uvkaa ckuuklh bt klebcpamvm, Ou
o t}am! vjm povtkotejoa m{m bg vjm Kvoakol fktmevbt ku uvkaa vjm ptkwkamhmf amlu vjtb}hj
xjkej vjm Kvoakol o}fkmlemu umm kcckhtolvu! tmg}hmmu olf mvjlke cklbtkvkmu,
Jbxmwmt! ubcm gkaccoimtu! fkupao{klh o cbtm pmtempvkwm umlukdkakv{ vjol vjmktpmmtu bl vjm ejolhmu vjov bee}t otb}lf vjmc! colohm vb klebtpbtovm kluvolemu bg
c}avke}av}toa bpmlklhu xkvjkl vjm blhbklh lottovkwm bg o lovkbloa eklmco,
Hmvvklh c{ goevu gtbc o Dmlmvvbl of
Kc abbikl vjt} Ogtkeol m{mu
Akv d{ vjm haotm bg ol A,O, gktm
Daoei vkm! xjkvm lbkum
*Fowkf Dbxkm ?;;5+
Tmfmgklklh vjm lovkblVjm eb#mzkuvmlem bg c}avkpam pmbpamu olf e}av}tmu bl vjm Kvoakol pmlklu}ao
olf kvu kuaolfu ku ol jkuvbtkeoa goev, Dmgbtm }lkgkeovkbl! Kvoa{ xou }lfmtuvbbf
cbtm ou o hmbhtopjke abeovkbl vjol ou vjm vmttkvbt{ bg o lovkbl! olf kg vjm
Tkubthkcmlvb dtb}hjv pbakvkeoa }lkv{ olf amf vb vjm dktvj bg o lmx eb}lvt{!
kv xou vjm Gouekuv tmhkcm vjov ovvmcpvmf e}av}toa }lkgkeovkbl vjtb}hj kvu
ebmtekwm uvtovmhkmu bg lovkbl gbtcovkbl, Lmwmtvjmamuu! vjm fkwmtum tmhkbloa
vtokvu vjov ejotoevmtk~m vjm c}avkpam kfmlvkvkmu bg vjm pmbpamu bg Kvoa{ xmtm
lmwmt mlvktma{ bdakvmtovmf d{ vjm jbcbabhk~klh mggbtvu bg vjm Uvovm, Fkwmtukv{
ocblhuv ekvk~mlu kl pbuv Xbtaf Xot KK Kvoa{ xou cotimf d{ aolh}ohm! gbbf!abeoa vtofkvkblu! eabvjklh olf vb o c}ej amuumt fmhtmm tmakhkbl,
Im{xbtfuc}avke}av}toakuc
Kvoakol eklmco
Dmlmvvbl
Hkollk Ocmakb
Gmt~ol B~pmvmi
Coteb Pblvk
?0=UME 5 *4+ ?0=??7 Klvmaamev Avf 4007
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
2/12
Ou jkuvbtkol Po}a Hkludbth xtkvmu! vjm meblbcke cktoeam vjov vbbi
paoem dmvxmml ?;=: olf ?;75 cmolv c}ej cbtm kl vjm jkuvbt{ bg Kvoa{
vjol o dbbcklh meblbc{ olf tkuklh uvolfotfu bg akwklh, Kv cmolv ol
}lpotoaamamf cbwmcmlv bg vjm pmlklu}aou pbp}aovkbl! *Hkludbth ?;;0>
4?:+ mupmekoaa{ d}v lbv bla{ gtbc vjm ohtke}av}toa ub}vj vb vjm klf}u#
vtkoak~mf lbtvj, Vjku fkupaoemcmlv eblvtkd}vmf vb dtklh vjm tmhkbloa vtokvu
kl eblvoev! olf ou bgvml joppmlu! upotimf tmoevkblu kl vjm tmukfmlv pbp}ao#vkbl vjov upollmf gtbc vbamtolem vb ouukckaovkbl vb hjmvvbk~ovkbl, Kl vjku
tmupmev! vjm Kvoakol pmbpam eb}af dm tm#gtocmf dbvj kl vjm eblvmzv bg vjm
lovkbloa olf vjm klvmtlovkbloa fkueb}tum kl vmtcu bg o c}avke}av}toa"
fkoupbtke lovkbl! mlfbxmf xkvj fkwmtukv{ tovjmt vjol fbbcmf vb gtohcml#
vovkbl, Ou o eblumq}mlem! vjm gkacu vjov otm mcdmffmf kl vjm lottovkwm bg
vjm Ub}vjmtl _}muvkbl! u}ej ou Tbeeb m k u}bk gtovmaak"Tbeeb olf Jku Dtbvjmtu
*Wkueblvk ?;70+! bt K Gkfol~ovk *Back ?;75+! eol dm tm#eblvmzv}oak~mf olf
klvmtptmvmf ou ptbvb#c}avke}av}toa gkacu! klouc}ej ou vjm{ fmoa xkvj kuu}mu
bg vbamtolem! klvmhtovkbl olf ouukckaovkbl, Bg eb}tum! fkwmtukv{ kl vmtcu bg
toem xou kl vjm ukzvkmu uvkaa odumlv gtbc vjm uetmmlu dmeo}um vjm goem bg vjm
eb}lvt{ xou uvkaa oacbuv }lkgbtc! mwml kg Makb Wkvvbtklk! kl jku ptbvb#
tmukuvolem lbwma Eblwmtuo~kblm kl Ukekako"Eblwmtuovkblu kl Ukeka{! tmhkuvmtu vjm
ptmumlem bg Ejklmum kvklmtolv vtofmtu kl Ukeka{ ou mota{ ou ?;58, Col{
goevbtu eblvtkd}vmf kl vjm aouv 50 {motu vb dtklh vb vjm gbtm vjm lmmf gbt o
lmx tmptmumlvovkbl bg vjm Kvoakol lovkbl kl vjm cmfko, Vjm{ upol gtbc vjm
ogbtmcmlvkblmf abeoa meblbcke dbbc vb vjm ebcdklovkbl bg habdoa pbakvk#
eoa mwmlvu vjm xkfmuptmof ptbemuu bg fm"eb}lvmt#ebablk~ovkbl! vjm fmckum
bg ebcc}lkuv"ubekoakuv"fkevovbtkoa tmhkcmu kl Mouvmtl M}tbpm! vjm pbwmtv{
olf vjm eakcovm bg vmttbt kl Lbtvj Ogtkeo! vjm fkuuba}vkbl bg vjm[}hbuaowkol gmfmtovkbl! Kvoa{ nbklklh vjm M}tbpmol ]lkbl! olf ub gbtvj
olf vjm{ oaa eblvtkd}vmf vb vjm gbtcovkbl bg o xowm bg couu kcckhtovkbl kl
vjm pmlklu}ao, Vjku tmaovkwma{ lmx pjmlbcmlbl ku dmuv mpkvbck~mf d{ vjm
mpkubfm bg vjm eothb ujkp Wabto! xjkej bl 7 O}h}uv ?;;? vtolupbtvmf bwmt
40!000 Oadolkolu vb vjm ebouvu bg P}hako! kl vjm wkeklkv{ bg Dotk, Vjm
kcpoev bg vjov ftocovke mpkubfm bl vjm kcohklovkbl bg Kvoakolu ku ub
tmukakmlv vjov kl 4006! 45#{mot#baf gkaccoimt Tbdmtvb Fm Gmb tmebl#
uvt}evmf vjbum vtohke cbcmlvu kl jku ujbtv gkac Wabto ?;;? d{ mfkvklh gke#
vkbloa olf fbe}cmlvot{ gbbvohm,
Bl o foka{ douku! uklem vjm mota{ lklmvkmu! couu kcckhtovkbl ptbcpvuvjm eb}lvt{ vb tm#vjkli kvu kfmlvkv{ kl vmtcu bg e}av}tm! tmakhkbl! jmtkvohm!
olf vb tm#ukv}ovm kvumag kl o M}tbpmol olf habdoa eblvmzv> vjm kletmouklh
eblgakev bwmt xjov Kvoakolu eoaa mzvtoebc}lkvotk *lbl#M}tbpmol kcckhtolvu+
ku vkmf vb o emlvtoa oupmev bg M}tbpmol klvmhtovkbl> vjm fmwmabpcmlv bg o
lmx eblempvkbl bg ekvk~mlujkp, Oavjb}hj o ujotmf umlum bg M}tbpmol kfml#
vkv{ olf vjm kluvkv}vkblu vb amhkvkcovm vjov kfmlvkv{ tmcokl lbvbtkb}ua{ fkg#
gke}av vb eblubakfovm! kv jou ptbwml got moukmt vb gbthm o ebccbl eblempvkbl
bg vjbum xjb fb lbv dmablh, *Foxubl olf Poa}cdb 400=> ?779 c{ kvoakeu+
Ov vjm uocm vkcm! vjm uvkaa aothma{ c}avkgotkb}u lov}tm bg vjm lovkwm pbp}#aovkbl kl vmtcu bg tmhkbloa fkggmtmlemu bgvml vtoluaovmu klvb ol ocdkwoamlv
?07 Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
3/12
ovvkv}fm vbxotfu vjm ptbemuumu bg klvmhtovkbl olf"bt ouukckaovkbl bg vjm
kcckhtolvu olf tmg}hmmu, Bl vjm xjbam! couu kcckhtovkbl ku bgvml
tmhotfmf ou o aothm#ueoam eblvmcpbtot{ wmtukbl bg vjm Ub}vjmtl _}muvkbl!
olf jolfamf kl o wmt{ ukckaot goujkbl> vjku lmx etbuu#umevkbl bg vjm pbp#
}aovkbl ptbwkfmu ejmop aodbt gbt vjm klf}uvtkmu bg vjm lbtvj#mouv olf vjm
lbtvj#xmuv! ou xmaa ou gbt vjm tmhkblu xjbum meblbc{ ku uvkaa ftkwml cokla{
d{ ohtke}av}tm, Jbxmwmt! kcckhtolvu otm uvkaa aothma{ abbimf ov ou ol oavmt#lovm pbp}aovkbl! fmuvklmf vb umtwm vjm lmmfu bg vjm eb}lvt{! d}v lbv vb
potvoim kl vjm mlnb{cmlv bg kvu tmub}temu> D#eaouu klfkwkf}oau! xjml klfk#
wkf}oau ov oaa! pbukvmf ou bvjmtu ohokluv vjm oaamhmf }lkgbtckv{ bg vjm ekvk~mlu
d{ dktvjtkhjv,
Vjm cmfko tmptmumlvovkbl bg vjku pjmlbcmlbl ku n}uv ou ptbdamcovke ou
vjm pjmlbcmlbl kvumag, Ov vjm klempvkbl bg vjm lklmvkmu! vjm eb}lvt{ ptm#
umlvmf vb vjm M}tbpmol ]lkbl o ummcklha{ bpvkckuvke kcohm bg kvumag! vjoliu
vb kvu htbxklh meblbc{ olf mlnb{klh o pmtkbf bg ekwka olf pbakvkeoa uvodkakv{,
Jbxmwmt! vjm d}ddam bg eblgkfmlem vjov jotdbtmf kv kl vjm dbubc bg vjm
]lkbl xou fmuvklmf vb d}tuv ubbl, Xjkam tkffklh vjm eb}lvt{ bg kvu eabumvmf
uimamvblu *bgvmlvkcmu xkvj q}muvkblodam vmejlkq}mu bg klvkckfovkbl olf daoei#
coka+! Volhmlvbpbak vjm oaa#mcdtoeklh klwmuvkhovkbl eottkmf b}v d{ o pbba bg
n}fhmu doumf kl Ckaol olf oaub ilbxl ou Bpmto~kblm Colk P}akvm"Bpmtovkbl
Eamol Jolfu fmuvodkak~mf Kvoa{ dbvj bl o pbakvkeoa olf meblbcke amwma!
g}tvjmt xkfmlklh vjm fkwkukbl dmvxmml amgv olf tkhjv! vjm pbbt olf vjm
xmoavj{, Xkvj vjm tkum bg vjm lmbeblumtwovkwmu vb pbxmt! olf vjm dmhkllklh
bg vjm Dmta}ueblk mto! vjm eb}lvt{ jou htbxl ptbhtmuukwma{ cbtm kfmbabhk#
eoaa{ fkwkfmf! olf vjm uvtmlhvjmlklh bg vjm lovkbloa umemuukblkuv potvkmu
u}ej ou Amho Lbtf olf vjmkt abeoa ebluvkv}mlekmu jou mzoemtdovmf vjmpbamckeu tmwbawklh otb}lf vjm q}muvkbl bg lovkbloa kfmlvkv{, Vjm aolh}ohm
bg vjm potvkmu ov pbxmt olf bgvmlvkcmu bg vjm cklkuvmtu vjmcumawmu ku
voklvmf xkvj vblmu bg klvbamtolem olf toekuc> vjm amofmtu klvmlvkbloaa{ v}tl
vjm eabei doei vb ?;56! xjml vjm F}em xbttkmf oab}f vjov vjm l}cmtke
olf hmbhtopjke mzpolukbl bg vjm {maabx olf daoei toemu cmolv vjov vjm
ekwkak~ovkbl bg vjm xjkvm col YxouS fmuvklmf vb pmtkuj, *Dml#Hjkov 400?>
?4:+ Vjm cokl kfmbabh}mu bg vjm Tbcol Eovjbake Ej}tej fb lbv ckuu vjm
bppbtv}lkv{ vb mejb vjku Eb}lvmt Tmgbtcovkbl aolh}ohm> xjml c}uklh bl
vjm ckuumf bppbtv}lkv{ bg tmgmtmleklh vjm oaamhmf N}fmb#Ejtkuvkol tbbvu bg
M}tbpm kl vjm M}tbpmol Ebluvkv}vkbl Vtmov{ bg 4006! Eotfkloa NbumpjTov~klhmt *lbx Pbpm Dmlmfkev ZWK+! xtbvm vjov M}tbpm! kl vjm jb}t bg kvu
htmovmuv u}eemuu! ummcu vb dm mcpvkmf gtbc vjm klukfm! ou kg potoa{~mf d{ o
ekte}aovbt{ etkuku! o etkumu vjov mlfolhmtu kvu akgm d{ tma{klh bl vtolupaolvu
vjov mggoem kvu kfmlvkv{, Vjm {kmafklh bg vjm u}ppbtvklh upktkv}oa gbtemu voaakmu
xkvj ol kletmouklh mvjlke fmeaklm, *Pmto olf Tov~klhmt 4006> 70+
Kg vjm bggkekoa e}av}tm ku klg}umf xkvj klvbamtolem olf ptbwklekoakuc! kv ku
d{ abbiklh vjtb}hj vjm klvmtuvkemu bg vjm gokta{ habdoak~mf Kvoakol pbp
e}av}tm vjov blm eol gklf o dmvvmt tmptmumlvovkbl bg vjmum kuu}mu olf vjmkt
kcpoev bl vjm xo{ Kvoakolu pmtemkwm vjmcumawmu olf vjmkt kfmlvkv{, Eklmco!ofwmtvkumcmlvu! olf pbp}aot c}uke ummc vb bggmt o c}ej cbtm tmgklmf olf
?08C}avke}av}toakuc kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
4/12
?0: Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk
u}dvam }lfmtuvolfklh bg vjm mggmevu bg vjm pjmlbcmlbl bg couu kcckhtovkbl
olf vjm kuu}mu kv tokumu kl o eb}lvt{ vjov ku tmaovkwma{ {b}lh olf vjov eollbv
tmf}evkwma{ dm mq}ovmf xkvj o uklham! }lkvmf olf jbcbabhb}u lovkbl,
Kcckhtovkbl eklmco> Wabto olf AocmtkeoVjm uptklh#u}ccmt ?;;4 eocpokhl fmukhlmf d{ Bakwkmtb Vbueolk gbt
]lkvmf Ebabtu bg Dmlmvvbl gmov}tmf pjbvbhtopju bg uvtblh ubekoa eblvmlv> olOKFU povkmlv bl jku fmovjdmf u}ttb}lfmf d{ jku gocka{ kl o pkmv#akim ebc#
pbukvkbl! o wkevkc bg o cogko ikaaklh ebwmtmf d{ o xjkvm ujmmv olf a{klh kl o
pbba bg jku bxl dabbf kl jku v}tl cb}tlmf d{ xbcml kl vtofkvkbloa
ub}vjmtl Kvoakol daoei ovvktmu! olf vjm ogbtmcmlvkblmf ottkwoa bg vjm Wabto
eothb ujkp kl P}hako, Kl jmt dbbi bl vjm ujbeiklh! vjb}hjv#ptbwbiklh!
eblvtbwmtukoa eocpokhlu vjov Vbueolk tmoak~mf gbt vjm eabvjklh col}goe#
v}tmt gtbc Vtmwkub! Abtmaao Pohl}eeb Uoawmcklk vj}u xtkvmu bg vjm pkev}tm
bg vjm Oadolkol bf{uum{>
O ujkp ku dmukmhmf d{ j}lftmfu bg xtmvejmf pmbpam! xjb otm ejouklh o
ejkcmto bg gtmmfbc olf meblbcke fkhlkv{! bpptmuumf kl vjmkt bxl eb}lvt{
olf tmg}umf mlvt{ maumxjmtm, Kv abbiu akim o vkcmamuu pjbvbhtopj d}v kv lmw#
mtvjmamuu dmablhu vb fo{u xjkej xm jowm bla{ n}uv mzpmtkmlemf! xjkam xm
xmtm oaa bl vjm dmoej mlnb{klh Kvoakol hbbf#xkaa! Bakwkmtb Vbueolk xtbvm lbv
upotklh vb daocm jkcumag ou xmaa,
Kv xou klmwkvodam vjov vjku kcptmuukblkuv wkukbl bg jbtfmu bg uvotwklh
pmbpam abbiklh gbt o et}cd bg dtmof olf o et}cd bg jbpm ujb}af pbxmtg}aa{
tmeoaa vjm cmcbt{ bg vjm htmov! vtohke ckhtovkblu oetbuu vjm bemol kl vjm
mota{ ?;40u olf ?;50u! xjml vjmtm xou o couu mzbf}u bg Kvoakolu fmhtofmfd{ pbwmtv{ olf khlbtolem vb vjm ]lkvmf Uvovmu! Ub}vj Ocmtkeo! O}uvtoako olf
Eolofo, D}v vjm{ xmtm oaub tmcklkuemlv bg vjm ebcp}aubt{ vtolugmt bg etbxfu
bg Kvoakol xbtimtu vb Dmahk}c! Hmtcol{ olf Uxkv~mtaolf ogvmt Xbtaf Xot KK!
oadmkv vtowmaklh d{ toka tovjmt vjol d{ umo,
Kv ku pbuukdam! vjmtmgbtm! vjov vjmum uof uvbtkmu bg ckumt{ olf fmupmtovkbl!
hkwml klvmtlovkbloa mzpbu}tm d{ vjm Dmlmvvbl eocpokhlu! vtoluemlfmf vjm
Kvoakol#Oadolkol eblvmzv bg vjm kcohmu! tmgmttklh vb vjm ftoco bg motakmt mzb#
f}umu klea}fklh vjm E}dol blm,
*Uoawmcklk 4004> ;?+
Owbkfklh goekam oee}uovkblu bg mzpabkvklh ubekoa kuu}mu ov vjm ofwolvohm bg
tocpolv eopkvoakuv ohmlfou! Uoawmcklk vb}ejmu bl o pbklv vjov ku et}ekoa kl
vjm fkue}uukbl bg jbx vjm Oadolkol mzbf}u kcpoevmf Kvoa{> ujm lbvmu vjov
Vbueolk ku jbafklh }p o ckttbt gbt vjm Kvoakolu! vjtb}hj xjkej vjm{ ujb}af
abbi ov vjm jkuvbt{ bg vjmkt bxl ckhtovkbl kl btfmt vb }lfmtuvolf vjm
cbvkwmu dmjklf u}ej j}ckakovklh oevu bg fmupmtovkbl, Kl goev! vjm pjbvbhto#
pjmtu kl {b}t goem omuvjmvkeu! oadmkv kljmtmlva{ fmcohbhke! ummiu vb vtol#
uemlf vjm abhke bg ebccmtem olf dabx o xjkuvam gbt vjm klvmtlovkbloa
ebcc}lkv{ vb jmot! tmoejklh pmbpamu oaa bwmt vjm xbtaf vjtb}hj vjm pbx#mtg}a wmjkeamu bg pbp e}av}tm! u}ej ou gol#coho~klmu olf dkaadbotfu,
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
5/12
Vjm kuu}m bg vjm Oadolkol mzbf}u xou offtmuumf d{ Hkollk Ocmakb kl jku
?;;6 gkac Aocmtkeo, Vjm gkac vmaau vjm uvbt{ bg o gto}f eblebevmf d{ vxb kaa#
klvmlvkblmf Kvoakolu! Hklb olf Gkbtm! xjb ptmvmlf vb bpml o ujbm goevbt{ kl
Oadolko xkvj vjm oev}oa p}tpbum bg mcdm~~aklh mcmthmle{ okf g}lfu gtbc
vjm Kvoakol hbwmtlcmlv, Kl btfmt vb u}eemmf xkvj vjmkt paol! vjm{ lmmf ol
Oadolkol gkh}tmjmof vb pbum ou vjm ptmukfmlv bg vjm ebcpol{, Vjmkt ejbkem
goaau bl Upktb! ol mafmta{ col xjb vjm{ dmakmwm vjm{ eol mouka{ colkp}aovm,Vjmkt povtblk~klh xo{u xkvj vjm abeoau! vjmkt khlbtolem bg vjm jkuvbt{ bg vjm
eb}lvt{! olf vjmkt akckvmf }lfmtuvolfklh bg vjm ukv}ovkbl vjm{ otm vt{klh vb
mzpabkv xkaa }avkcovma{ umlvmlem vjmkt paolu vb goka}tm,
Vjm bpmlklh etmfkvu otm n}zvopbumf xkvj ol Kuvkv}vb A}em lmxutmma gtbc
Optka ?;5; vjov ujbxu vjm ottkwoa bg vjm Kvoakol vtbbpu kl vjm jotdbt bg
F}ttu *F}to~~b kl Kvoakol+ bl vjm beeoukbl bg vjm ollmzovkbl bg Oadolko,
Xjkam uq}ofu bg ubafkmtu otm fmpbukvmf vb ujbtm! vjm wbkem#bwmt kaa}uvtovmu
vjm htolf paolu vjov vjm Gouekuv tmhkcm jou gbt vjm ebabl{ xjkej! uklem
?;4=?;47! jof dmml vkmf vb Kvoa{ }lfmt ol klgbtcoa ohtmmcmlv bg ptb#
vmevbtovm, Vjm klwofklh gbtemu otm umml cotejklh kl vjm uvtmmvu bg t}toa
Oadolko! uoa}vmf d{ cml olf xbcml ou akdmtovbtu olf dmotmtu bg ptbhtmuu,
Vjm fktmevbt vjml e}vu vb o ujbv bg vjm uocm jotdbt kl ?;;?! xjmtm cml kl
t}hu! jbpklh vb dbotf o ujkp vb P}hako! otm dovvaklh vjm pbakem xjkam ejolv#
klh Kvoa{! Kvoa{! {b} otm vjm xbtaf/
O umtkmu bg wkekuukv}fmu kl vjm eb}tum bg vjm gkac amof vjm {b}lhmt bg vjm
vxb pjbl{ mlvtmptmlm}tu! Hklb! vb dm kleotemtovmf olf vb jowm jku Kvoakol
pouupbtv eblgkueovmf, Vjku mcoue}aovklh pabv#vxkuv amwmau vjm fkupotkv{
dmvxmml jkc olf vjm }lfkuvklh}kujodam jbtfmu bg Oadolkolu xjb otm fmu#
pmtovma{ vt{klh vb gamm vjm eb}lvt{ olf tmoej Kvoa{, Hklbu abuu bg vjm odkakv{vb ouumtv jku lovkbloa kfmlvkv{ olf vjmtmgbtm jku bvjmtlmuu gtbc vjm pmbpam
jm ub c}ej fmupkumf olf abbimf fbxl }pbl kl jku bf{uum{ oetbuu vjm
dottml! j}lht{! gbtuoiml eb}lvt{! eo}umu jku ho~m olf b}tu xkvj jku vb
dm u}v}tmf xkvj vjov bg vjm tmg}hmmu xjml jm gkloaa{ colohmu vb dbotf vjm
Potvk~olk! ol Kvoa{#db}lf eothb ujkp vjov vjm fktmevbt eamota{ cbfmaamf bl
vjm Wabto, Kl bvjmt xbtfu! kg vjtb}hj vjm Dmlmvvbl eocpokhl Bakwkmtb
Vbueolk gbtemf eblu}cmtu vb abbi ov pmbpam xjb jof abuv vjmkt p}tejouklh
pbxmt olf! ou o eblumq}mlem! vjmkt bxl kfmlvkv{ kl vjm pbuv#Ebaf#Xot
xbtaf! Hkollk Ocmakb gbtemu wkmxmtu vb oakhl xkvj vjmc! vb abbi vjtb}hj
vjmkt m{mu, Jmlem! vjm upmevoeam bggmtmf d{ Kvoakol vmamwkukbl vjov dammfuklvb Oadolkol jb}umu! jbupkvoau olf dotu kl oaa kvu u}pmtgkekoakv{ olf
umz"cblm{ ftkwml ptbhtoccklh dmebcmu vjm kaa}ubt{ lbvkbl bg vjm xbtaf
dm{blf ebcc}lkuc olf fkevovbtujkp! o ioamkfbuebpm vjtb}hj xjkej vjm
fkumlgtolejkumf eol abbi olf pklm gbt vjm oaa}tklh tkejmu bg vjm Xmuv,
Bl vjm fmei bg vjm ujkp! Hklb ebcmu oetbuu Upktb, Ov vjku pbklv kl vjm lot#
tovkwm! vjm wkmxmt ku oxotm vjov vjm baf col v}tlmf b}v vb jowm dmml ol
Kvoakol ubafkmt xjb jof potvkekpovmf kl vjm ?;5; klwoukbl! jof dmml vto}co#
vk~mf d{ vjm vbtv}tmu jm u}ggmtmf }lfmt vjm ebcc}lkuv fkevovbtujkp vjov gba#
abxmf vjm mlf bg vjm xot! olf dmakmwmu vb dm uvkaa kl jku vxmlvkmu, Upktb fmakwmtuvjm cmabftocovke upmmej vjov eblea}fmu vjm gkac olf umoau vjm fktmevbtu
?0;C}avke}av}toakuc kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
6/12
oth}cmlv> ckuvoiklh vjm xbtaf otb}lf jkc olf vjm pmtempvkbl bg jku bxl
umag! vjm klgolvkak~mf col dmakmwmu vb dm bl o ujkp vb vjm ]lkvmf Uvovmu! olf
mzptmuumu jku eblemtl gbt lbv ilbxklh Mlhakuj, Jm oaub }lfmtaklmu vjm goka}tm
bg vjm Gouekuv aolh}ohm pbakekmu bg kcpbuklh vjm lovkbloa uvolfotf ebfm bwmt
vjm tmhkbloa fkoamevu d{ eblgmuuklh jku klodkakv{ vb upmoi Kvoakol vbb, Vjm
eabuklh bg vjm ekteam *vjm eblgaovkbl bg ?;40"50u Kvoakol fkoupbto xkvj ?;;0u
Oadolkol fkoupbto+ ku n}zvopbumf xkvj uxmaaklh c}uke olf ol mcpjovkecblvohm bg goemu bg Oadolkol tmg}hmmu, Kl vjm ovvmcpv ov dmklh lbvkemf olf
oeilbxamfhmf! vjm ptbupmevkwm kcckhtolvu abbi klvb vjm eocmto! vj}u
tmv}tlklh vjm eblfmuemlfklh ho~m bg vjm Kvoakol upmevovbt olf tmnmevklh vjm
bdnmevkgkeovkbl bg vjm eklmcovbhtopjke m{m,
Bvjmtu eklmco> Vjm eoum bg Gmt~ol B~pmvmiKuvold}a#dbtl fktmevbt Gmt~ol B~pmvmi cbwmf vb Kvoa{ kl vjm mlf bg vjm
?;80u vb p}tu}m o ebaamhm mf}eovkbl kl eklmco uv}fkmu ov vjm }lkwmtukv{ Ao
Uopkml~o kl Tbcm, Kl vjm eb}tum bg vjm ?;:0u jm xbtimf xkvj umwmtoa
vjmovtm ebcpolkmu kl vjm eb}lvt{ olf ov o l}cdmt bg gkacu ou ouukuvolv
fktmevbt, ]uklh Jockf Logke{u vmtcklbabh{! vjm V}ti eb}af dm fmgklmf ou
ol mzkake gkaccoimt> jm ku potv bg vjbum klfkwkf}oau bt htb}pu xjb wba}l#
votka{ bt klwba}lvotka{ jowm amgv vjmkt eb}lvt{ bg btkhkl olf xjb coklvokl
ol ocdkwoamlv tmaovkblujkp xkvj vjmkt ptmwkb}u olf e}ttmlv paoemu olf
e}av}tmu, *Logke{ 400?> ?4+ B~pmvmiu gmov}tm fmd}v Jococ"Uvmoc Vjm
V}tikuj Dovj *B~pmvmi! ?;;8+ ku vjm uvbt{ bg o {b}lh fmukhlmt xjb ku
dmq}movjmf ptbpmtv{ kl Kuvold}a d{ jku ablh#gbthbvvml o}lv, Xolvklh vb
q}keia{ umaa vjm }lmzpmevmf amhoe{! Gtolemueb gakmu vb V}tim{ olf uvo{u xkvj
vjm gocka{ vjov jku fmof tmaovkwm jof dmgtkmlfmf, Xjml jm gklfu b}v vjovvjm ptbpmtv{ jm kljmtkvmf ku ol baf jococ! o V}tikuj dovj! olf vjov jku
ptbupmevkwm d}{mt paolu vb vmot kv fbxl vb tmpaoem kv xkvj o coaa! jm fmekfmu
vb immp kv! tmg}tdkuj kv! olf t}l kv, Vjm amlhvj bg jku uvo{ kl Kuvold}a
dmebcmu }lfmgklmf! olf vjm mzpmtkmlem ejolhmu jku akgm! gktuv ptbcpvklh jkc
vb abbuml }p bl jku mggkekmle{#ftkwml akgmuv{am olf aovmt vb ebcm b}v ou o
jbcbumz}oa,
Kvoa{ olf V}tim{! olf cbtm upmekgkeoaa{ vjm tmupmevkwm eopkvoa ekvkmu! otm
pbukvmf ou vxb ftocovkeoaa{ dmo}vkg}a olekmlv ukvmu vjov eollbv dm g}aa{
htoupmf, Tbcm ku oaxo{u umml vjtb}hj vjm tkddbl#xklfbxu bg vjm cbfmtl
jb}um bl vjm jkaa xjmtm Gtolemueb olf jku xkgm Cotvo akwm, Vjm hmbcmvtkeaklmu olf vjm hao~mf u}tgoemu eblvtouv olf ebcpamcmlv vjm polbtoco bg vjm
olekmlv ekv{! xjkej vjm ptbvohblkuv eol bwmtabbi d}v lbv pbuumuu, Kl goev! vjm
Kvoakol kfmlvkv{ ku oakml vb jkc! mwml kg jm eol ho~m ov kvu u}ppbumf etofam
gtbc o jkhj wolvohm pbklv, Bl vjm eblvtot{! Gtolemueb gklfu pamou}tm kl
tbocklh okcamuua{ vjtb}hj vjm baf uvtmmvu bg Kuvold}a! fkuebwmtklh kvu
jkffml dmo}vkmu! kvu ebabtu! kvu ucmaau olf kvu kljodkvolvu, Vjtb}hj kvu ptb#
vohblkuv! B~pmvmi pbtvto{u olf klwmtvu jku bxl vtonmevbt{> n}uv akim vjm fktme#
vbt xmlv Xmuv olf gb}lf o eotmmt kl vjm xkvjmtklh Kvoakol klf}uvt{
dmebcklh blm bg kvu ptkcm fktmevbtu! Gtolemueb lmmfu vb hb Mouv olf ouukc#kaovm vjm V}tikuj e}av}tm! amotl vjm aolh}ohm olf ub gbtvj! kl btfmt vb ebcm
??0 Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
7/12
vb vmtcu xkvj jku umz}oakv{ olf }avkcovma{ vb fmgklm jku bxl kfmlvkv{, Jm
cbwmu oetbuu gb}t cokl abeovkblu"abeoamu> gtbc jku ebaf! oumpvke jb}um bwmt#
abbiklh Tbcm jm vtowmau vb Kuvold}a! xjmtm jm gklfu ujmavmt kl o c}ej
xotcmt olf fotimt! oacbuv c}ti{ jb}um, Vjm aovvmt ku ebllmevmf vb vjm
jococ d{ o akvvam fbbt! o vjtmujbaf vjov amofu vb vjm gkloa uvohm bg jku
wb{ohm,
Bp~mvmiu vjktf gmov}tm! Am Govm Khlbtolvk"Jku Umetmv Akgm *B~pmvmi 400?+!ku umv mlvktma{ kl Tbcm, Olvblko olf Couukcb otm o ummcklha{ jopp{
eb}pam bg ptbgmuukbloau kl vjmkt aovm vjktvkmu, Ogvmt o eot t}lu bwmt jmt
j}udolf olf ikaau jkc! Olvblko oeekfmlvoaa{ amotlu odb}v vjm colu
umwml#{mot#ablh klgkfmakv{, Fmwouvovmf d{ vjm vxb#gbaf abuu! vjm xbcol
uvotvu abbiklh gbt oluxmtu! olf fkuebwmtu vjov jmt j}udolfu abwmt xou kl
goev o col locmf Ckejmam, Blem vjm klkvkoa ujbei ku bwmtebcm! ujm
dmgtkmlfu Ckejmam olf mlvmtu jku xbtaf,
Kg vjm bdakwkb}ulmuu bg Olvblkou db}thmbku cmlvoakv{ ku muvodakujmf ou
vjm lbtcoae{ bg vjm Kvoakol pmbpam! vjm bvjmtlmuu bg Ckejmamu ebcc}lkv{
ebluvkv}vmu o u}dcmthmf oavmtlovkwm ov vjm ebtm bg xjkej vjm ebcpamzkv{ bg
blmu kfmlvkv{ eol dm }lwmkamf olf mcdtoemf, Vjtb}hj cmolu bg ebabt
poamvvm olf febt! B~pmvmi klkvkoaa{ fmpkevu vjmum xbtafu ou }ltmeblekaodam
olf ebaakfklh! olf uabxa{ uetocdamu vjm db}lfotkmu vjov umpotovm vjmc!
pbklvklh ov vjm tmebhlkvkbl olf oeempvolem vjov vjm ho{ ebcc}lkv{ eaokcu
gbt kvumag *xjkej ku umoamf kl vjm mlf etmfkvu! xjmtm vjm eouv bg vjm gkac nbklu vjm
oll}oa Ho{ Ptkfm potofm+, Vjm fktmevbtu haocbtk~ovkbl bg q}mmtlmuu fbmu lbv
lmhamev vb mzpbum jku vothmv upmevovbt vjm ckffam#eaouu ogvmt#pk~~o U}lfo{
lkhjv Kvoakol cbwkmhbmt vb ubcm ebccbl kuu}mu tmaovmf vb jbcbumz}oa olf
vtolu#umz}oa akgm! xjkam ov vjm uocm vkcm jm btkmlvoak~mu vjm ebcc}lkv{ olf klfmzmu jku bxl tbbvu vjtb}hj vjm ejotoevmtu bg vjm V}tikuj pbakvkeoa
tmg}hmmu Mckt olf Umtto,
Ao Gklmuvto fk Gtblvm"Goeklh Xklfbxu *B~pmvmi 4005+! B~pmvmiu gb}tvj
gmov}tm! ku vjm uvbt{ bg Hkbwollo! o 4;#{mot#baf cbvjmt bg vxb xjb ku
cottkmf vb Gkakppb, Fmupkvm dmklh d}tfmlmf d{ vjm c}lfolkv{ bg vjmkt
tb}vklm olf vjmkt gklolekoa vtb}damu! vjm eb}pam fmekfmu vb voim eotm bg o
Nmxkuj jbabeo}uv u}twkwbt xjb mlvmtu vjmkt akgm d{ oeekfmlv, Xjkam jmapklh
vjm oclmukoe! umlkam col Hkbwollo dmgtkmlfu vjm jolfubcm {b}lh ptbgmu#
ukbloa xjb akwmu kl vjm opotvcmlv goeklh jmtu! xjbc ujm ubcmvkcmu upkmu
gtbc jmt ikvejml xklfbx f}tklh jmt lkhjva{ tmwmtkmu, Vjm vxb dmebcmtbcolvkeoaa{ klwbawmf! d}v Hkbwollo ujkmu b}v gtbc vjm mueopofm dmgbtm kv
dmebcmu of}avmt{ olf tmnbklu jmt }loxotm gocka{,
Hkbwollo akwmu kl vjm uocm d}kafklh bg jmt eb#xbtimt Mckl olf jmt
gocka{, Vjm xbcol ptmu}coda{ o V}tikuj kcckhtolv! uklem vjm ejotoevmt
ku pao{mf d{ B~pmvmi tmh}aot Umtto [kaco~ akwmu xkvj vjm Ogtkeol N}cdb
*ujbtv gbt Hkbwollk Dovvkuvo+ olf jku *vjmkt2+ vxb ejkaftml, Kl vjm eb}tum bg o
pk~~o fkllmt xkvj Hkbwollo olf jmt gocka{! Mckt uebafu jmt akvvam hkta gbt
jowklh ftbppmf gbbf bl jmt ujktv olf uo{u> Tmcmcdmt! {b} oaxo{u lmmf vb
dm eamolmt! dmvvmt collmtmf! olf vkfkmt vjol vjm bvjmtu, Xkvjb}v fktmeva{xbtfklh kv! vjm ejotoevmt offtmuumu vjm kuu}m pbumf d{ vjm ejkaftmlu ebabtmf
???C}avke}av}toakuc kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
8/12
uikl kl o uvkaa ptmfbcklolva{ xjkvm ubekmv{, Kl btfmt lbv vb dm abbimf fbxl ou
akvvam ptkckvkwmu o vtbpm vjov tme}tu kl vjm Kvoakol dtolf bg toekuv fkueb}tum
vjm ejkaftml otm u}hhmuvmf vb ouukckaovm vjm e}av}tm olf b}vucotv kv d{
dmklh dmvvmt pao{mtu ov kvu bxl hocm! ol ovvkv}fm vbxotfu akgm vjov!
klmwkvoda{! mlvokau vjm u}pptmuukbl bg vjm klga}mlem bg vjm e}av}tmu bg btkhkl
bg vjmkt bxl potmlvu bl vjmkt lmx! j{pjmlovmf kfmlvkv{! olf vjm fkuvoleklh
gtbc vjmkt jmtkvohm, Kl goev! ou Fowkf Xotf lbvmu! YtSoekuv oth}cmlvuohokluv kcckhtovkbl lb ablhmt dmot bl vjm q}muvkbl bg vjm dkbabhkeoa klgmtk#
btkv{ bg vjm kcckhtolv! gbt vjov ku lbx }lvmlodam kl uekmlvkgke vmtcu, Tovjmt!
toekuv uvtovmhkmu dmot lbx lbv ub c}ej bl vjm gmot bg fkggmtmlem! d}v vjm gmot
bg mq}oakv{, Gbt toekuv htb}pu! vjm vjtmov lbx pbumf d{ vjm kcckhtolv ku vb
vjm klvmhtkv{ bg vjm jbuv eb}lvt{u e}av}tm! xjkej vjm{ gmot tkuiu dmklh
fka}vmf d{ vjm dmotmtu bg bvjmt! olvkvjmvkeoa e}av}tmu, *Xotf ?;;8> ;?+
C}avke}av}toakuc Kvoakol uv{am> Coteb Pblvk olf vjmDmlmvvbl [b}vj
Kl ?;;8 olf ?;;: Bakwkmtb Vbueolk mzjkdkvmf o umtkmu bg pjbvbhtopju kl
Gabtmlem olf Ebpmljohml, Jmtm ku jbx Hkbwollk Ohbuvk! kl vjm klvtbf}e#
vkbl bg vjm wba}cm vjov hovjmtu vjmum pkev}tmu! ebccmlvu bl vjm ujbxu>
Bl p{ablu! ocblh xjkej blm xolfmtu ou kl o xbbf! vjm kcohmu otm fkupao{mf
moej ptklvmf cbtm vjol vjtmm cmvmtu jkhj, J}lftmfu bg goemu uvotm uvtokhjv
klvb vjm eocmto amlu! tmf}eklh vjm ptmumlem bg vjm pjbvbhtopjmt vb lbvjklh,
Eblvtowmlklh oaa pjbvbhtopjke lbtcu! vjm okc ku vb coim o j}hm kfmlvkgkeo#
vkbl pjbvb! akim vjm blmu kuu}mf d{ pjbvb dbbvju kl vtokl uvovkblu> vjm tmu}av
jou vjm }u}oa eamollmuu bg vjm kcohmu vjov ejotoevmtk~m Vbueolku xbti, Xjkvmdoeihtb}lf! akv gtbc gtblv olf dmjklf! o t}fkcmlvot{ }um bg vmejlbabh{ vjm
uocm ptklekpamu ou vjm ulopujbv olf oaxo{u ujbv gtbc vjm uocm olham, Kl
vjku xo{! bdnmevkwkv{ dmebcmu pbmvke, Y, , ,S
Gbt jkc YVbueolkS! vjm goemu oacbuv coim }p o cop bg vjm dmo}v{ bg
vbfo{u {b}vj! xjmtm xjbmwmt ku pjbvbhtopjmf kulv vjmtm n}uv vb dm abbimf
ov! }lakim ptbgmuukbloa cbfmau! d}v ku fktmeva{ offtmuuklh }u, Olf! fmupkvm vjm
goev vjov vjm pjbvbu jowm oaa dmml voiml kl mzoeva{ vjm uocm xo{! uo{klh
c}ej vjm uocm vjklh! kvu lbv o jbcbhmlmb}u! eolblke iklf bg dmo}v{ umv kl
uvblm, Kluvmof! kvu akim vbpbhtopj{ vjov ku uvkaa volhkdam! xjmtm blm vbxl
ckhjv dm gocb}u gbt kvu eovjmftoa! olbvjmt gbt vjm potkuj ej}tej! {mv olbvjmt
gbt vjm emcmvmt{> dmgbtm mwmt{vjklh dmebcmu vjm uocm,
Ebcpotmf vb Vbueolku cbuv tmemlv xbti! vjm lbwmav{ jmtm akmu kl vjm fmakd#
mtovm klvtbf}evkbl bg vjm eblempv bg dmo}v{! kl oaa kvu mvjlke pbuukdkakvkmu, Y, , ,S
YVSjmtmu vjm oacbuv kaa}cklkuv oupktovkbl vb etmovm ol olvjtbpbabhkeoa ovaou,
*Vbueolk ?;;8> :;+
Vbueolku pjbvbhtopju ebluvt}m! tovjmt vjol tmptmumlv! o v{pbabh{ bg vjm
cbfmtl {b}vj vjov Fb}haou Eb}paolf! kl jku lbwma Ujocpbb Paolmv! aodmamf
Dmlmvvbl [b}vj! fmgklmf ou habdoa ikfu xjbum jkuvbtkmu! cmcbtkmu olf mzpm#tkmlemu dmhol kl vjm Tmohol mto bg htmmf olf eblupke}b}u eblu}cpvkbl,
??4 Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
9/12
*Hktb}z ?;;5?;;6> ??+ Vjm pjbvbhtopju klkvkovm o cbwmcmlv bg fm#
abeoak~ovkbl bg vjm Dmlmvvbl ptbf}ev! gtbc vjm gbhh{ paovmo}u bg vjm Wmlmvb
xjmtm vjm ebcpol{ ku doumf vb vjm cmvtbpbak bg vjm habdm vjov vjm ebl#
u}cmtu kljodkv, Eotml Iopaol ebccmlvu bl vjm Vbueolk"Dmlmvvbl poto#
fkhc d{ lbvkeklh vjov Dmlmvvbl bggmtu }u o }lkvmf xbtaf bg fkggmtmlv!
mvjlkeoaa{ klgamevmf cbfmau oaa xmotklh wktv}oaa{ vjm uocm ptbf}ev! *Iopaol
?;;=> =0+ olf vjku cbfma ku etkvkek~mf gbt kvu pbakvkeoa ujoaabxlmuu d{ Jmlt{O, Hktb}z! xjb oth}mu vjov vjm jotcbl{ olf eblumlu}u kcpakmf kl vjmum
ofu bgvml cbei ebletmvm toekoa! ubekoa olf e}av}toa fkggmtmlemu ou vjm{ otm
ebluvkv}vmf ockf jkmtotejkeoa tmaovkblu bg uvt}hham! pbxmt olf o}vjbtkv{,
*Hktb}z ?;;5?;;6> ?0+ Cbtm upmekgkeoaa{! Iotml Pkli}u offtmuumu vjm
vmlum tmaovkblujkp dmvxmml vjm tmukf}mu bg Gouekuv e}av}tm kl eblvmcpbtot{
Kvoa{ olf vjm habdoak~klh cbwmcmlv bg vjm Dmlmvvbl eocpokhlu> YvSjm pbuk#
vkwm! {b}vjg}a ouubekovkbl bg vjm Dmlmvvbl locm xkvj o lmx xbtaf btfmt bg
habdoa }lkv{ ku oaub olbvjmt xo{ bg gbthmvvklh vjm ebablkoakuv amhoe{! olf
vjml! d{ ouubekovkbl! vjm wmt{ cmejolkuc bg pbxmt gbthmf }lfmt vjm tmhkcm
vjov co{ uvkaa pmtukuv ov ubcm amwma kl Kvoa{ vbfo{,? *Pkli}u ?;;8> ?6;+
Kl jku gktuv vxb gmov}tm gkacu! xtkvmt olf fktmevbt Coteb Pblvk vmaau vjm
uvbt{ bg cmvtbpbakvol! pbuv#Tmoholkvm {b}lhuvmtu xjb eabuma{ tmumcdam vjm
Dmlmvvbl [b}vj, Vjm bpmlklh etmfkvu bg jku fmd}v Uolvo Cotofblo *Pblvk
400?+ otm n}zvopbumf xkvj o cblvohm bg vjm hboau bg vjm gocb}u
Othmlvklkol ubeemt pao{mt Fkmhb Otcolfb Cotofblo! o habdoa kebl bg
u}eemuu olf umag#fmuvt}evkbl! bg uv}ddbtl klfkwkf}oakuc kl vjm eblvmzv bg o
vmoc hocm! olf bg c}avkpam goaau olf ebcmdoeiu, Vjm ub}lfvtoei vb vjku
cblvohm ku vjm mpbl{cb}u ublh Uolvo Cotofblo d{ Colb Lmhto, Vjm amh#
mlfot{ Gtoleb#Upolkuj dolf locmf ogvmt ol Olfoa}ekol olotejkuv htb}pku bl vjm gbtmgtblv bg olvk#habdoak~ovkbl eb}lvmt#e}av}tm! olf kl vjm lklmvkmu
jou dmml pbakvkeoaa{ oevkwm oetbuu M}tbpm olf vjm Ocmtkeou> xm eol oth}m
vjov vjm dolf uvolfu kl ou o ukhlkgkmt gbt vjm omuvjmvkeu bg etbuu#eblvocklo#
vkbl vjov pmtcmovm vjm gkac, Vjm }lckuvoiodam j{dtkf ub}lf bg vjm dolf!
ebaaovmf blvb vjm kcohmu bg Cotofblo xjb oaub u{lmefbejkeoaa{ mwbimu
vjm xbtaf bg ubeemt olf kvu habdoa tmoej amof vjm wkmxmt klvb vjm akgm bg
Olftmo olf jku gtkmlf Dotv*babcmb+! vxb }lmcpab{mf htof}ovmu kl vjm
j}colkvkmu oggmevmf d{ ottmuvmf fmwmabpcmlv olf xjb eollbv gklf o uovku#
goevbt{ paoemcmlv kl vjm pbuv#ebaamhm xbtaf, Vjmkt uvbt{ ku umv kl V}tkl! vjm
cbuv fkwmtum ekv{ kl Kvoa{, Vjm ptbvohblkuv goaau kl abwm xkvj vjm hkta{ olfdmo}vkg}a Fbabtmu xjkam jku gtkmlf olf tbbccovm umetmva{ ftmocu bg A}eko!
vjm mzbvke Klfkol#Kvoakol uv}fmlv xjb ebcpamvmu vjm q}otvmv,
Vjm tmgmtmlemu vb pbp}aot e}av}tm cokla{ Kvoakol olf Ocmtkeol otm
col{ olf c}avk#ao{mtmf! olf vjm{ ebluvkv}vm vjm gb}lfovkblu bl xjkej
vjm j{pmtvtbpjkmf aolh}ohm bg vjm {b}lhuvmtu ku doumf, Vjmkt etmovkwmlmuu!
kcpmfmf d{ vjm u}pmtuvt}ev}tm bg vjm eopkvoakuv ubekmv{! ku amv abbum kl vjmkt
ptbg}um ptbgolkvkmu! vjmkt xbtf cblhmtklh olf vjmkt j{pmtdbake abq}o#
ekb}ulmuu, Dotv vjm ao~{ eb}ej pbvovb xjb eollbv gklf o tmoubl vb amowm
vjm opotvcmlv fmuktmu A}eko vjm mzbvke xbcol xjbum bvjmtlmuu ku ebc#gbtvoda{ fkccmf vjtb}hj j{pjmlovkbl, Jbxmwmt! vjku umz}oa vmlukbl ku lbv
? Pkli}u! I, *?;;8+!Ujofmu bg Daoei klOfwmtvkuklh olfPbp}aot E}av}tm! klOaaml! D, olf T}uub!C, *mfu+! TmwkukblklhKvoa{> Lovkbloa Kfmlvkv{olf Habdoa E}av}tm!Ckllmopbaku>
]lkwmtukv{ bgCkllmubvo Ptmuu!p, ?6;,
??5C}avke}av}toakuc kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
10/12
offtmuumf fktmeva{! d}v kv ku ckvkhovmf vjtb}hj kvu fkuumcklovkbl kl vjm
cmfko, Ogvmt A}ekou db{gtkmlf p}dakujmu ubcm pkev}tmu bg jmt l}fm kl vjm
Pjbvb coho~klm! Dotv ku umml ho~klh ov vjmc olf vmaaklh Olftmo vjov jm ku
hbklh vb fmfkeovm o cmaolejbake xoli vb b}t gtkmlf A}eko, Vjm col ku
vjml umml ebcklh b}v bg vjm dovjtbbc olf ptmvmlfklh vb voai vb vjm hkta
vjtb}hj jmt pjbvbhtopj, Dotv ukvu bl vjm eb}ej! v}tlu bl vjm VW! gakpu
vjtb}hj vjm ejollmau olf uvotmu ov o folem uemlm gtbc o Dbaa{xbbf gkac klo ckzv}tm bg otb}uoa olf eovovblko, Vjm fktmevbt vjml e}vu vb A}eko! xjb ku
ujowklh jmt amhu olf xovejklh vjm uocm cbwkm, Vjm hktau mzbvkelmuu olf
umz}oakv{ ujm ku blm bg vjm wmt{ gmx kluvolemu bg o lbl#blm#j}lftmf#
pmtemlv xjkvm ejotoevmt kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco otm gmvkujk~mf olf gkavmtmf
xkvjkl vjm uocm eklmcovke"vmamwku}oa ujbv,
O"T *Pblvk 4004+! Coteb Pblvku umeblf gkac o jmkuv ebcmf{ xkvj o
tbcolvke ebtm gmov}tmu cbtm mvjlke ejotoevmtu! vjm cbuv ptbcklmlv bg vjmc
dmklh Vbauvbn! o ckffam#ohm! hmlvam! ejotkucovke olf ubgv#upbiml Klfkol dmaadb{
pao{mf d{ amhmlfot{ oevbt Iodkt Dmfk! xjb jou dmml xbtiklh kl Kvoa{ uklem
?;87! xjml jm uvottmf kl vjm VW ckumtkmu Uolfbiol! xjkej xou doumf bl vjm
ebablkoa lbwma d{ Mckakb Uoahotk, Vjm db}lfotkmu bg vjm Kvoakol e}av}tm otm
blem ohokl vmoumf b}v kl vjm eblwmtuovkblu dmvxmml jkc olf Folvm! o fkuml#
ejolvmf Dmlmvvbl [b}vj xjb ku odb}v vb mcdoti bl o vtkp otb}lf vjm xbtaf
kl vjm ovvmcpv bg mueopklh gtbc ol mzkuvmlem vjov jm pmtemkwmu ou cmolklhamuu,
Folvm olf Vbauvbn ou vjmkt locmu et{ b}v jowm o pmlejolv gbt xbtf cbl#
hmtklh olf uvbt{vmaaklh! oavjb}hj vjmkt poeklh olf fmakwmtkmu otm wmt{ fkggmt#
mlv, Kg Folvmu uoteouc ku bgvml eblwm{mf vjtb}hj u}ttmoa p}lej#aklmu! }tdol
uaolh olf uvoeeovb nbimu! Vbauvbnu wmawmv{ wbkem olf ebcpbu}tm amlf vjmc#
umawmu vb cmucmtk~klh olmefbvmu olf xbtfu bg btkmlvoa xkufbc,
Ou o xo{ bg eblea}fklh o lbl#eblea}ukwm oth}cmlvOv vjm klempvkbl bg vjm lklmvkmu pbp}aot e}av}tm dmhol vb bggmt tmptmumlvo#
vkblu bg vjm ckhtovkbl q}muvkbl, Blm bg vjm gktuv gkacu vjov eol dm klea}fmf
kl vjm eovmhbt{ jmtm b}vaklmf ou Kcckhtovkbl Eklmco xou P}ccot
*Paoekfb ?;;0+! kl xjkej vjm cokl ejotoevmt! o cmfkeoa uv}fmlv gtbc
Hjolo! goemu vjm klofmq}oe{ bg Kvoakol pbakvkeu olf cmlvoakv{ xjml
fmoaklh xkvj kuu}mu u}ej ou daoei aodbt! toem! ckuemhmlovkbl! olf ub gbtvj,
Xjkam kl akvmtov}tm vjm j{pjmlovmf kfmlvkvkmu bg vjm lmx fkoupbtke xtkvmtu
dmhklu vb mcmthm! vjm vmamwku}oa olf eklmcovke tmptmumlvovkbl bg vjmkt ebt#tmaovkwmu ku uvkaa ckuuklh, Vjm povtkotejoa m{m bg vjm Kvoakol fktmevbt ku uvkaa
vjm ptkwkamhmf amlu vjtb}hj xjkej kcckhtolvu! tmg}hmmu olf mvjlke
cklbtkvkmu otm umml d{ vjm Kvoakol o}fkmlemu, Jbxmwmt! ou Hto~kmaao Potovk
}lfmtuebtmu! vjm blhbklh ptbemuu bg vjm etmovkbl bg lbl#muumlvkoak~klh
eblempvu bg umz}oa! toekoa! e}av}toa olf mvjlke fkggmtmlem ku tmgamevmf kl vjm
lovkbloa olf lottovkwm eblvmzvu vjov vjm kcckhtolvu jowm etmovmf olf
eblvkl}m vb etmovm,4 *Potovk ?;;8> ?:8+ Ubcm gkaccoimtu! fkupao{klh o
cbtm pmtempvkwm umlukdkakv{ vjol vjmkt pmmtu bl vjm ejolhmu vjov bee}t
otb}lf vjmc! colohm vb ebcdklm bvjmt kluvolemu bg c}avke}av}toa bpmlklhukl fkggmtmlv kleotlovkblu bg pbp}aot e}av}tm xkvj vjm blhbklh lottovkwm bg
4 Potovk! H, *?;;8+Uvtolhmtu kl Potofkum>Gbtmkhlmtu olfUjofbxu kl KvoakolAkvmtov}tm! kl Oaaml!D, olf T}uub! C,*mfu,+! TmwkukblklhKvoa{> Lovkbloa Kfmlvkv{olf Habdoa E}av}tm!
Ckllmopbaku>]lkwmtukv{ bgCkllmubvo Ptmuu!p, ?:8,
??6 Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
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o lovkbloa eklmco, Vjm eoumu bg Hkollk Ocmakb! Gmt~ol B~pmvmi olf Coteb
Pblvk otm vb dm voiml ou mzocpam bg o vtmlf vjov ku uvkaa kl vjm gbtcovkbl
ptbemuu olf vjov ku uvotvklh vb ptbf}em gkacu u}ej ou Wbamwb Ubab Fbtcktam
Offbuub *Eopp}eekb 4006+! kl xjkej o 50#{mot#baf fkukaa}ukblmf ebtpbtovm
mzme}vkwm etofamu mueopkuv golvoukmu vjtb}hj vjm gkh}tm bg Olhmakq}m! o
Eocmtbblkol aop folemt, Jmt foti uikl vtkhhmtu ebablkoa fmuktm olf kfml#
vkv{ umotej kl vjm eblg}umf col! xjb }avkcovma{ fmekfmu vb q}kv jku nbd olftmiklfam jku vkmu xkvj jku gocka{ kl vjm ovvmcpv bg tm#j}colk~klh jkcumag,
Ou o xo{ bg eblea}ukbl! Jockf Logke{ xtkvmu! YfSkoupbto! mzkam! olf mvj#
lkekv{ otm lbv uvmof{ uvovmu9 tovjmt! vjm{ otm ga}kf ptbemuumu vjov }lfmt
emtvokl ekte}cuvolemu co{ vtolugbtc klvb blm olbvjmt olf dm{blf,
*Logke{ 400?> ?4+ Olf kg lmkvjmt bg vjmum uvovmu eol dm g}aa{ mcdtoemf ou
kfmlvkv{ fmgklklh! lbt eol vjm baf#goujkblmf eblempv bg Lovkbl Uvovm }vkak~mf
vb pklpbklv vjm mwmt#ujkgvklh M}tbpmol c}avkpakekv{! mupmekoaa{ kl vjm eoum bg
vjm c}avkgotkb}u pmbpamu xjb e}ttmlva{ kljodkv vjm Kvoakol pmlklu}ao,
Xbtiu ekvmf
OOWW, *4000+! Vjm B}vukfmt> Ptmn}fkem olf Pbakvkeu kl Kvoa{! Ptklemvbl> Ptklemvbl
]lkwmtukv{ Ptmuu,
Oaaml! D, olf T}uub! C, *mfu,+ *?;;8+! Tmwkukblklh Kvoa{> Lovkbloa Kfmlvkv{ olf Habdoa
E}av}tm! Ckllmopbaku> ]lkwmtukv{ bg Ckllmubvo Ptmuu,
Dml#Hjkov! T, *400?+! Gouekuv Cbfmtlkvkmu, Kvoa{! ?;44?;6=! Dmtimam{> ]lkwmtukv{ bg
Eoakgbtlko Ptmuu,
Dbeeo! H, *?;;:+! Hak Kvoakolk ublb to~~kuvk2 Ckaol> Hot~olvk,
Dtoeeklk! D, *4000+! K Hkbwolk fk Btkhklm Ogtkeolo> Klvmhto~kblm ubekb#e}av}toam fmaam
umeblfm hmlmto~kblk kl Kvoako! V}tkl> AJotcovvol,
Ebabtu! uocpam kuu}mu,
Foxubl! O, olf Poa}cdb! P, *400=+! Jollkdoau Ejkaftml> Kcckhtovkbl olf
Olvktoekuvu {b}vj U}de}av}tmu kl Eblvmcpbtot{ Kvoa{! E}av}toa Etkvkq}m! =;!
pp, ?7=?:7,
Hktb}z! J,O, *?;;5?;;6+! Eblu}cklh Ubekoa Ejolhm> Vjm ]lkvmf Ebabtu bg
Dmlmvvbl! E}av}toa Etkvkq}m! 47! pp, =54,
Hkludbth! P, *?;;0+! O Jkuvbt{ bg Eblvmcpbtot{ Kvoa{, Ubekmv{ olf Pbakvkeu
?;65?;::! Ablfbl> Pmlh}kl,
Hbafdmth! W, *400=+! Dmlmvvbl olf vjm ]umu bg Vtohmf{! kl W, Hbafdmth *mf,+! Akhjv
Covvmtu> Xtkvklhu bl Pjbvbhtopj{! Lmx [bti> Opmtv}tm! pp, ?77?8?,Hcm~#Tmklb Eoejogmtb! C, *4004+! Mvjlkekv{ olf Lovkbloakuc kl Kvoakol Pbakvkeu,
Klwmlvklh vjm Pofolko> Amho Lbtf olf vjm lbtvjmtl q}muvkbl! D}taklhvbl! WV>
Oujhovm P}dakujklh Ebcpol{,
Htkaab! T, olf Ptovv! N, *mfu,+ *4004+! Vjm Pbakvkeu bg Tmebhlk~klh Fkggmtmlem>
C}avke}av}toakuc Kvoakol#Uv{am! D}taklhvbl! WV> Oujhovm P}dakujklh Ebcpol{,
Iopaol! E, *?;;=+! O Xbtaf Xkvjb}v Db}lfotkmu> Vjm dbf{ ujbpu vtolu"
lovkbloa hmbhtopjkeu! Ubekoa Vmzv! 65! pp, 6=77,
Colvam! N, *?;;;+! Dmlmvvbl> Vjm Gocka{! vjm D}uklmuu olf vjm Dtolf! Ablfbl> Akvvam!
Dtbxl olf Ebcpol{,
Logke{! J, *400?+! Ol Oeemlvmf Eklmco> Mzkake olf Fkoupbtke Gkaccoiklh! Ptklemvbl>Ptklemvbl ]lkwmtukv{ Ptmuu,
??=C}avke}av}toakuc kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco
8/3/2019 Multiculturalism in New Italian Cinema by Alberto Zambenedetti
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Pmto! Cotemaab olf Tov~klhmt! Nbumpj *Dmlmfkev ZWK+, *4006+! Uml~o Tofkek, M}tbpo!
Tmaovkwkucb! Etkuvkolmukcb! Kuaoc! Ckaol> Cblfofbtk,
Tkwmto! Ollocotko, *4005+! Muvtolmk m Lmckek> Fkuetkcklo~kblm m wkbaml~o to~~kuvo kl
Kvoako! Tbcm> FmtkwmOpptbfk,
Uoawmcklk! Abtmaao Pohl}eeb, *4004+! ]lkvmf Ebabtu> Vjm Dmlmvvbl Eocpokhlu!
Ablfbl> Uetkpv}c Mfkvkblu,
Vbueolk! B, *?;;8+! Goeem, Tbcm> Eouvmawmeejk,
U}hhmuvmf ekvovkbl
^ocdmlmfmvvk! O, *4007+! C}avke}av}toakuc kl Lmx Kvoakol Eklmco! Uv}fkmu kl
M}tbpmol Eklmco 5> 4! pp, ?0=??7! fbk> ?0,?5:7"umek,5,4,?0="?
Eblvtkd}vbt fmvokau
Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk xou dbtl olf tokumf kl Wmlkem! Kvoa{, Jm jou o Ao}tmo kl
Gbtmkhl Aolh}ohmu olf Akvmtov}tmu gtbc ]lkwmtukv fmhak Uv}fk fk Wmlm~ko Eo
Gbueotk! ol CO kl Eklmco Uv}fkmu gtbc Lmx [bti ]lkwmtukv{ olf ku e}ttmlva{ p}t#
u}klh o PjF kl Kvoakol Uv}fkmu kl vjm uocm kluvkv}vkbl, Eblvoev> Lmx [bti ]lkwmtukv{!
Fmpotvcmlv bg Kvoakol Uv}fkmu! 46 Xmuv ?4vj Uvtmmv! Lmx [bti! L[ ?00??,M#coka> ~ocdmlmfmvvk@l{},mf}
??7 Oadmtvb ^ocdmlmfmvvk