Outline What is Multi-messenger astronomy? Photons Cosmic Rays
Neutrinos Gravity-Waves Sample-Return
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Outline What is Multi-messenger astronomy? Photons Cosmic Rays
Neutrinos Gravity-Waves Sample-Return
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What is Multi-Messenger Astronomy? Its Astronomy with multiple
messengers! One of the first instances of a clear cut meaning in an
astronomical definition Informs you about different conditions in
the same object Photons come from the surface of the Sun But
neutrinos are made from the nuclear reactions in the core
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Outline What is Multi-messenger astronomy? Photons Cosmic Rays
Neutrinos Gravity-Waves Sample-Return
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Photons Most widely used messenger particle in Astronomy Easy
to detect (unlike neutrinos) Can travel long distances (unlike
nuclear messenger particles) However. Not all frequencies are
created equal
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Photons Astronomers are merely fleas on the dog of industry
Cheap Silicon Optical Radar Radio Nuclear Testing Gamma rays
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Photons X-Ray Astronomy Began as a series of Balloon and V-2
Rocket experiments in the 1960s Usually a single astronomical
instrument tagging along with various other experiments
(atmospheric measurements, NIH experiments, etc.) Initially
measured the Sun, and eventually led to the discovery of bright
X-ray sources in the Milky Way
Photons Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Astronomy 10 keV / k b
~ 10 8 K
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Photons
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Intra-Cluster Gas Cooled by Thermal Bremsstrahlung Evidence for
metal lines in the Intra- cluster gas How did they get there?
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Photons X-Ray emission within Galaxies? Supernovae Accreting
Black holes X-ray binaries NS+NS NS+Blackhole NS+WD etc
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Outline What is Multi-messenger astronomy? Photons Cosmic Rays
Neutrinos Gravity-Waves Sample-Return
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Cosmic Rays What are Cosmic Rays Highly Energetic atomic and
subatomic particles ~90% Protons, 9% He, 1% other (mostly heavy
elements)
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Cosmic Rays
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Galactic Cosmic Rays Originate in supernova remnants
Accelerated by magnetic fields Localization is hard Deflected by
magnetic fields in the galaxy Can fragment as travel
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Cosmic Rays Extragalactic Cosmic Rays Some cosmic rays have
enough energy to leave the galaxy 1 / m^2 / yr hits the Earth
Little is known about their composition (statisitics problem) Some
evidence they come from AGN Could also come from colliding
galaxies, the early universe, decay of superheavy particles
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Cosmic Rays
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Cosmic Rays and You
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Outline What is Multi-messenger astronomy? Photons Cosmic Rays
Neutrinos Gravity-Waves Sample-Return
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Neutrinos 86 Holes 5160 Optical Sensors Sensitive to high
energy neutrinos
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Neutrinos Solar Observation Super-Kamiokande produced a
neutrino image of the Sun
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Neutrinos
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Supernova Early Warning System Neutrinos were detected from SN
1987A before the optical counterpart was discovered IceCube and
other neutrino experiments are poised to detect the neutrinos from
the next nearby (galactic) supernova Icecube will have the ability
to pinpoint the neutrino origin accurately
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Neutrinos Avoiding Cosmic Ray Confusion IceCube also has a
cosmic ray detector array on the Antarctic surface Coincidence
between cosmic ray detection and neutrino detection lowers
confusion rates This junk is interesting to some people!
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Cosmic Rays with IceCube
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Local Magnetic fields? Stellar magnetic fields? A handful of
close pulsars?
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Outline What is Multi-messenger astronomy? Photons Cosmic Rays
Neutrinos Gravity-Waves Sample-Return
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Gravity Waves
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Gravitational Waves What the gravity wave sky actually looks
like:
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Gravity Waves
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Advanced LIGO Bigger, Better, Stronger 20x stronger laser
Seismically isolated from 40 Hz down to 10 Hz Reduced thermal noise
An actual detection likely! 2015* *Actual finish time may vary
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Outline What is Multi-messenger astronomy? Photons Cosmic Rays
Neutrinos Gravity-Waves Sample-Return
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Sample Return
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Collect cometary and interstellar dust particles in aerogel
Return the sample to Earth Take millions of photographs of aerogel
to identify dust grains stardust@home 45 interstellar dust grains
identified!
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Sample Return
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List of findings: Organic compounds Amorphous silicates Olivine
and pyroxene (Solar system matter well mixed with ISM)
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Sample Return Supernova Debris Fe-60 has a half life of 2.6 Myr
(all of it that formed with the Earth is gone)
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Sample Return This points to a core-collapse supernova within a
few 10s of parsecs of the Earth exploding several million years ago
Contributed to the Local Bubble of the ISM We are in a low density,
high temperature, ~150 light year region of the ISM