Muallim-ul-Sarf By Al-Muallim.org

7/31/2019 Muallim-ul-Sarf By Al-Muallim.org

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ziy z{T~&wsZ-V O: ziy u t z{T~egwsZ-V g!*:

Zy~C Zq- zz9g!*' h+B )4( g!* )3( O' h+B )2( O )1(

ziy &wzsZ- wsiZZ+: ~ z{T O :z{T~&wzsZ- wsiZZ+ O' h+B:iZZ+X Zk~ ziyR ]

ziy u t z{T~egwzsZ- wsiZZ+: g!* :iZZ+ l Zk~ i iy z i u t z{T~egwzsZ- wsiZZ+ g!*' h+B:



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Sub Topic 1.7

''' ' ZZZZ`wwwwzzzzssssZZZZggggZZZZZZZZzzzzgggg ]]]]ZZZZllllxxxx

))))888 8Z

ZZZ

llllxxxx(

(((

]]]]ZZZZllllxxxx Zy] V!*C 7 Z s~Zy ZZzg

8Zlx Xp )7( 3 EG )6( |i )5( ** )4( Zs )3( Vw )2( 9 )1(

wsA {Zzg $ { 3 GEG Z /Zzgx ~ 9:

/// / ziy ziy 9 )zwsZq- (:VZ

Z /Zzgx ~ wsAZk :::: VwZsZzg** /// / VwZsZzg** Zy g`fsZlx


8Zlx Zq] Topic 1.0Slide # 38Sub Topic 1.7


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Vw Zk c* c* zZ Z / ~wsA Vw: /// /V

w z

9Vw c* )2( VwzZz~ )1(

z{T ~wsAzZ VwzZz~: ziy ziy

z{T ~wsA c*

Vw c*

: ziy m m Zs Zk c* c* zZ Z / ~wsA Zs: /// /

Zs z9Zs c* )2( ZszZz~ )1( z{) ~wsAzZ ZszZz~:

ziy ( ziy z{T ~wsA c* Zs c*:

ziy ( e n ziy e n

** Zk c* c* zZ Z /x ~wsA : **/// / z9 ** c* ** )2( zZz~ ** )1(

z{)x ~wsAzZ zZz~: ** ziy ( ziy

8Zlx Zq] Topic 1.0Slide # 39


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z{Tx ~wsA c* ** c*: ziy ( o ziy o

3 EG Z / ~zwsZ-wsAVZk 3 EG: /// / 3 EG z9 3 EG Hzy )2( 3 EG Gzt )1(

z{)Zzgx ~wsAV 3 EG Gzt: ziy ( o ziy o

z{TZzgx ~wsAV c*T 3 EG Hzy:Zzg ~wsAV

ziy m ziy ( p ziy p

|i Z / c*x ~ {Zk |i: /// / |i &9

|iZ x )3( |iZ7 )2( |iZY )1(z{T ~ { |iZY:

ziy ] ziy ]

z{T ~ { |iZ7: ziy ziy z{Tx ~ { |iZ x:

ziy ziy



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p :Z / ~zwsZ-Zq- VZk p /// /

p z9pg!* )2( pO )1(z{TZzgx ~zwsZq- pO:

ziy ( ziy V

z{TZzgxZw~

ZzgZzgxU*

Vp

g!*

~zwsZq- V ziy ( u | ziy u u

uuuu''' ',,, ,ZZZZ888 8ZZZZllllxxxxVB

( w)U*

w)Zw( q s Z- ws f h 9 VwzZz~

m p Vw c* ZszZz~ e n p h Zs c* **zZz~ o p ** c* o p

3 E

G Gztp p 3 EG Hzy] |iZY |iZ7 ] * |iZ x pO pg!*



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m,CYz]]g~zd$V$ :~yZ s (www.almuallim.org)

(i B Quiz Z]) (Topic) {

8Zlx Zq] Topic 1.0Slide # 45Sub Topic 1.7


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Topic No 2.0

Sub Topic No 2.1x

Slide # 46

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bbb bVVVV ]]]]Z H ZkZq- g]Zy~+ # C k H ZkZq- %

B C 7p7{g`fs]kZzgJ],# F, \ # F, \ i H ? %zV j ] H Zyz %zV

l H Zq- g] k H Zy %zV ] i ^ H ?zgV j ^ i ^ H ZyzgV j ^ i

$

H ? gV j $

H Zy gV l H ~Zq- % c*Zq- g] k l H Zq- % k ^ H %zV c* gV ^ i ^ H ?z %zV j ^

Zzg Ty \ V{+zZu T$

# T$Zzg ; ]XX ZZ~ # T$Zzg ; ZZXX ~ ]

/ #

zZu/$

T$

ZZl XX~

k # @*-M ZZl XX g # Zzg ;Zz ZZ]XX~ j ^


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42/170

e j gH y


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/Zy c* heZ[t8e

xz u}Zk

Zdw

/Z

3Z bV PZdw YDZy7g~ /Zy ,ZzgZK 86,

] ] # \ZzgBK Zk c* ~Zk j g 2 Zkg qH 1Zk yH u g 4 Zk j x 3

z{ q 6 z{Z4Z 5Zk 8 z{ ]zZZ 7

\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN j f ^ ! j f j ^ ! j v ^ ! q ]! q j ! ! j ^ ! i ^ ! ! j f ]!

gggg`ffffssssVVVV !!!!NNNNz{z %Z4XZq- % yH X %zV c* gV

Zy %zV XZyz %zV ~ X~Zq- % c*Zq- g]g qH Xz{ %

? %Xz{zg'Z4N?z %zV XZy gV XZq- g]

x Topic 2.0Slide # 58


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ZZZZ++++{{{{ k l W@* ED !~LLZzga

)ZrV Zzgz{Z4( ] j v ] )~Zzg~ (gggg`ffffssssVVVV !!!!NNNN

Zzg? X~ Zzgz{ g'Z4N? gV ZzgZyzgV

?zgV ZzgZyzgV Zyz %zVg qH ZzgZyzgV z{ g'Z4NZzgZrV

OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[xxxx /// /ZZZZ3333

^ ] k j ^ k j ^ j k j ^ j $ k ^

u g u f ^ u f ] u f k u f j ^ u f u f k u f j ^ u f j u f k u f j ^ u f j $ u f k u f ^

^ ] k j ^ k j ^ j k j ^ j $ k ^

] ] l i ^ l i ^ i l i ^ i $ l ^

j x j v ^ j v ] j v k j v j ^ j v j v k j v j ^ j v j j v k j v j ^ j v j $ j v k j v ^

h e ^ e ] e k e j ^ e e k e j ^ e j e k e j ^ e j $ e k e ^



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Sub Topic 2.2

ttt txxxx

ttt t

xxxx pLL7 ZZXX Zzg ZZ XX !~(,J,Zk x : ** c*:**x ZZ ^ XX ZzgZ / \6,

)Zk7 ( ^ )Zk7H ( ^ @*

)Zk7 (Z t ^ j g tYC ZZ ^ XX i c*{F,6,

(,J c*Y ZZ ^ XX t /ZyZ b sC \

Topic 2.0Slide # 62

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/// /ZZZZyyyyttt txxxx7H ZkZq- % /i~ zZu T$ ^

// // 7H Zyz %zV // // ^ // // 7H Zy %zV // // ^ ]// // 7H ZkZq- g] zZu/$T$ ^ k // // 7H ZyzgV // // ^ j ^ // // 7H Zy gV // // ^ // // 7H Zq- % zZu q ^ k

// // 7H ?z %zV // // ^ j ^ // // 7H ? %zV // // ^ j // // 7H Zq- g] zZu/$q ^ k // // 7H ?zgV // // ^ j ^

// // 7H ? gV // // ^ j $ // // ~Zq- % c*Zq- g] 7H zZu1 u ^ k

z %zV c*zgV c* %zV c* gV 7H z1 u ^ ^

wwww t 7g~ /ZyBZK 86,K ! ! j g ! f FFFF,,, , ,,, ,ZZZZzzzzgggg++++CCCCNNNN

^ j f k ^ l ^ j

^ ^ ^ ] ^ ^ j ^ ^ j f ^ ^ k

^ j v j ^ ^ l

tx Topic 2.0Slide # 64


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gggg`ffffssssVVVV !!!!NNNN

~7 XZygV7 Zy gV7 X? g'7$? %7X? %zV7Y**XZyz %zV7z

z{z %Z47XZyzgV7

Zyz %

zV

7 XZy

%zV7 7 X~7Y**

Zyz %zVg q7H X7Y**

OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ttt txxxx /// /ZZZZ3333

^ ^ ^ ^ ] ^ k ^ j ^ ^ ^ k ^ j ^ ^ j ^ k ^ j ^ ^ j $ ^ k ^ ^

^ u g ^ u f ^ ^ u f ] ^ u f k ^ u f j ^ ^ u f ^ u f k ^ u f j ^ ^ u f j ^ u f k ^ u f j ^ ^ u f j $ ^ u f k ^ u f ^

^ ^ ^ ^ ] ^ k ^ j ^ ^ ^ k ^ j ^ ^ j ^ k ^ j ^ ^ j $ ^ k ^ ^

^ ^ ] ^ ] ^ l ^ i ^ ^ ^ l ^ i ^ ^ i ^ l ^ i ^ ^ i $ ^ l ^ ^

^ j x ^ j v ^ ^ j v ] ^ j v k ^ j v j ^ ^ j v ^ j v k ^ j v j ^ ^ j v j ^ j v k ^ j v j ^ ^ j v j $ ^ j v k ^ j v ^

^ h ^ e ^ ^ e ] ^ e k ^ e j ^ ^ e ^ e k ^ e j ^ ^ e j ^ e k ^ e j ^ ^ e j $ ^ e k ^ e ^



Sub Topic 2.2

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Sub Topic 2.3

!!! !wwww

!!! !wwww!wz{T Bw sZzgZk x:X

**T$ ] ^ !w h )0*\ H( h ] ^ x7Bw (6, c* HZzgZk **T$

!w xDx+zZu T$ws Lz Wy~ws ZLqw6,gh zZzg M yI {}z!w +zZu T$0Y X

Zkx b ( f ( f DY /Zy0Y

Topic 2.0Slide # 68

!w Topic 2.0Slide # 69Sub Topic 2.3


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!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZyyyyH Hz{Zq- % zZu T$ G z{z % // // G z{ % // // ]z{Zq- g] zZu/$T$ k

z{zg' I // // j ^ z{ g' I // //

H HZq- % zZu q k G ?z % // // j ^ G ? % // // j

Zq-

g]

zZu

/$

q

k ?zg' I // // j ^ ? g' I // // j $

H H~Zq- % c*Zq- g] zZu1 u k G z % c*zg' c* % c* g' z1 u ^

wwww g`fsZdw!w /ZyBZK 86,K

ZkghZ i Zk5 e &

ZkH q ZkY**

Zk j x ZkZwH

z{ c* ZkT**

!w Topic 2.0Slide # 70


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\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN

^ e % ] e % k j e % k

i k q ^ ^ j v ^ ^ ]

e % ^ i j ^ q j ^ e % k ] q k ^ e % ^ i $ e % j $

gggg`ffffssss

VVVV !!!!NNNNZyz %zV Xz{zg'I

?z %7i X? g'gh~I ZkZq- g] X~5 HXZyzgV X?z % X

~gh c* HXz %G



Sub Topic 2.3

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ZZZZ3333 /// / OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[!!! !wwww ^ ] k j ^ k j ^ j

k j ^ j

$

k ^

u g u f ^ u f ] u f k u f j ^ u f u f k u f j ^ u f j

u f k u f j ^ u f j $ u f k u f ^

^ ] k j ^ k j ^ j

k j ^ j $ k ^

] ] l i ^ l i ^ i

l i ^ i $ l ^

j x j v ^ j v ] j v k j v j ^ j v j v k j v j ^ j v j

j v k j v j ^ j v j $ j v k j v ^

h e ^ e ] e k e j ^ e e k e j ^ e j

e k e j ^ e j

$

e k e ^

!w Topic 2.0Slide # 74Sub Topic 2.3


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SUB TOPIC 2.4

^ ^ o oo o o oo o r rr r ` `

ttt t!!! !wwww t c* H ZZ ^ XX x T b t c*Y@* ZZ ^ XX Z b!w6,

)Zk 7 ( ^ )z{75 H( ^ e &

/Zy W Wg

Topic 2.0Slide # 75

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ttt t!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZyyyy7H Hz{Zq- % zZu T$ ^ 7G z{z % // // ^ 7G z{ % // // ^ ]7 z{Zq- g] zZu/$T$ ^ k 7 I z{zg' // // ^ j ^ 7 I z{ g' // // ^

7H HZq- % zZu q ^ k 7G ?z % // // ^ j ^ 7G ? % // // ^ j

7

Zq-

g] zZu

/$

q ^

k 7 I ?zg' // // ^ j ^ 7 I ? g' // // ^ j $

7H H~Zq- % c*Zq- g] zZu1 u ^ k 7G z % c*zg' c* % c* g' z1 u ^ ^

t!w /ZyNZzgBZK 86,K ! e & ! gggg`ffffssssVVVV !!!!NNNN 77i Xz{75 H

z{z %7gh} X? g'7I ?z %7 Xz %7G zgV 7 Xz{ %7

t!w Topic 2.0Slide # 77


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z{ HX?z % X~ H XT**X

Zq- g]X %Z4X

~Zq- %zZ: W c*X~Zq- g]XY**X~Zq- g] X

!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZ3333 ttt t OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ ^ ^ ^ ^ ] ^ k ^ j ^ ^ ^ k ^

j ^

^ j ^ k ^ j ^ ^ j

$

^ k ^ ^

^ u g ^ u f ^ ^ u f ] ^ u f k ^ u f j ^ ^ u f ^ u f k ^ u f j ^ ^ u f j ^ u f k ^ u f j ^ ^ u f j $

^ u f k ^ u f ^

^ ^ ^ ^ ] ^ k ^ j ^ ^ ^ k ^ j ^ ^ j ^ k ^ j ^ ^ j $

^ k ^ ^

^ ^ ] ^ ] ^ l ^ i ^ ^ ^ l ^ i ^ ^ i ^ l ^ i ^ ^ i $

^ l ^ ^

^ j x ^ j v ^ ^ j v ] ^ j v k ^ j v j ^ ^ j v ^ j v k ^ j v j ^ ^ j v j ^ j v k ^ j v j ^ ^ j v j $

^ j v k ^ j v ^

^ h ^ e ^ ^ e ] ^ e k ^ e j ^ ^ e ^ e k ^

e j ^

^ e j ^ e k ^ e j ^ ^ e j

$

^ e k ^ e ^



Sub Topic 2.4

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ttt t!!! !wwww !!! !wwww ttt txxxx xxxx ^ ^ ^ ^

^ ] ] ^ ] ] ^ k k ^ k k ^ j ^ j ^ ^ j ^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ k k ^ k k ^ j ^ j ^ ^ j ^ j ^ ^ j j ^ j j

^ k k

^ k k

^ j ^ j ^ ^ j ^ j ^ ^ j $ j $ ^ j $ j $

^ k k ^ k k ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^





Sub Topic 2.4

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TOPIC NO 3.0

^ ^ ^

ppppggggqqqq t!*]y_ ~&i0*YDXqwwX y[Xi:qwzZLwa !~pgqpgq Zq- +qwzwzVa W@*

)z{ @* c* } ( m )z{ @* c* } ( m )z{q c* ( m j g

xZ Ti:qwzZLwzVYNz{pgqX

Slide # 85

pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 86


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SUB TOPIC 3.1

^ ^ ^

ppppggggqqqqxxxx /// /ZZZZyyyy

@*

c*

uz{Zq-

% zZu T$

m D c* ,z{z % // // m D c* ,z{ % // // m

c* } z{Zq- g] C // zZu/$ i c* , z{zg' C // // i c* , z{ g' C // // m

@* c* } Zq- % zZu q i D c* z?z % // // i D c* z? % // // i c* } Zq- g] C zZu/$q i n

c* z ?zg' C // // i c* z ? g' C // // i

@*V c* zV ~Zq- % c*Zq- g] zZu1 u ] D c* ,z % c*zg' c* % c* g' z1 u


pgqx pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 88Sub Topic 3.1


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pgqx YY +

] i n c*Zk b zq~wzs h Zy ~Zq- ws


60/170


61/170


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\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNNXXXX c cc c[[[[ZZZZzzzzggggFFFFFFFFzzzzZZZZ ,,, ,

i a f n i a f m a f i a g j x i j v m j v a g

m e ^ i j v ^ m e i e

m ^ m h ] h m q i f i f n

gggg`ffffssss

VVVV !!!!NNNN YNX? %YDXz{ g' Xz{ %[X~ mVX BX

?z %**gZnDXqX? k X? Wz{zg'ZgCX

z{ YN X %[XZq- g]**gZnCX3X?z %zV\X? %Fg

pgqx pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 95


Sub Topic 3.1

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ppppggggqqqq&&&&zzzziiiiyyyy

m ! m ! m bpgq&ziy WDX pgq Zws) (


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\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNNXXXX c cc c[[[[ZZZZzzzzggggFFFFFFFF zzzzZZZZ ,,, ,

m r ^ i r n i r m r m r m m m

i ^ m q i

i j f ^ m ] i j f m j g ]

gggg`ffffssssVVVV !!!!NNNN Xz{ K X?z D

z{ X?zg' Xz{z %YXz{ K

, X } X X ?zYXz{z$ Xz{z CX? X

z{ , X



Sub Topic 3.1

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gggg`ffffssssZZZZddddwwww /// /ZZZZyyyy ,,, ,

)z{ @* c* } ( m )z{ZV@* c*ZV ( ! m m )1()z{Zg@* c* ( m g

)z{ c* ( m r )z{zZ:@* c* ( m q m ! )2()z{& c* ( m

)z{] @* c* } ( m )z{8 c*A ( m m ! )3()z{@* c* ( m

OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ppppggggqqqqxxxx /// /ZZZZ3333

m m ^ m i i ^ m i i ^ i i n i ^ i ]

m v g m v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ i v f i v f n i v f ^ i v f ] u g v g

m m ^ m

i i ^ m i i ^ i i n i ^ i ]

m m ] m

i i ] m i i ] i i m i ] i ]

m j x m j v ^ m j v

i j x i j v ^ m j v i j x i j v ^ i j v i j v n i j v ^ i j v ] j x j x

m h m e ^ m e i h i e ^ m e i h i

e ^

i e i e n i e ^ i e ] h h



Sub Topic 3.1

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SUB TOPIC 3.2

^ ^ ^ o oo o

ppppggggqqqqttt t

xxxxz ){ ^ X ^ t M \7,|` c*Y@* ZZ ^ XX c* ZZ XX pgq taZk zq~

)z{7 @* c*7 } ( m ! ^ m /Zypgq b

c*Y@* ZZ ^ XX t a c*Y@* ZZ XX pgq t a


pgqtx pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 104Sub Topic 3.2


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ppppggggqqqqttt txxxx uz{Zq- % 7 @* c* 7 zZu T$ m ,z{z % 7 D c* 7 // // m ,z{ % 7 D c* 7 // // m } z{Zq- g] 7 c* 7 C zZu/$T$ i , z{zg' 7 c* 7 C // // i , z{ g' 7 c* 7 C // // m

} Zq- % 7 @* c* 7 zZu q i z?z % 7 D c* 7 // // i

D c*7 z? % 7 // // i } Zq- g]7

c* C 7

zZu/$q i n z ?zg' 7 c* 7 C // // i

c*7 z ? g' 7 C // // i @*V c*7 zV ~Zq- % c*Zq- g] 7 zZu1 u ]

7 D c*7 ,z % c*zg' c* % c* g' z1 u

gggg`ffffssssZZZZddddwwwwppppggggqqqqttt t

/// /ZZZZyyyyBBBB

K KK K pgq /Zy~ }ws w wgO m h ! m r ! m ! m !

\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN ] i m e m

i ] i n i i i m m ] ] ] i ] m

pgqtx pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 105


Sub Topic 3.2

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7X? 7CX7TXz{ Zg7VXz{ 7B X

? 7BX~7V X~7VX

7B Xz{ zZ:7V X? 7k X?z7DXz{z %7NX

ZZZZzzzzggggppppggggqqqq wwww DDDDFFFF,,, ,

,,, ,ZZZZzzzzgggg\\\ \ CCCCNNNN j f k i j f n l $ i q ] i a f q ]

] j g ] i f l

j f k m i a f ^ f j ^ i f k i r m q k i a g ] a g q k

i i



Sub Topic 3.2

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OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ppppggggqqqqttt txxxx /// /ZZZZ3333 m m ^ m i i ^ m i i ^ i

i n i ^ i ]

m v g m v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ i v f

i v f n i v f ^ i v f ] u g v g

m m ^ m i i ^ m i i ^ i

i n i ^ i ]

m m ] m i i ] m

i i ] i

i m i ] i

]

m j x m j v ^ m j v i j x i j v ^ m j v

i j x i j v ^ i j v

i j v n i j v ^ i j v

] j x j x

m h m e ^ m e i h i e ^ m e i h i e ^ i e

i e n i e ^ i e ] h h

pgqtx pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 109Sub Topic 3.2


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SUB TOPIC 3.3

^ ^ ^ r rr r ` `

ppppggggqqqq!!! !wwww !w6 M \7,|` z{T Bw s)gzZi{ Y@* c* Y ( m j x ] f ^ h ZzgZk x:

)Zm YC c* Y5( m m )z{H Y@* c*H Y( m m

ppppggggqqqq!!! !wwww iii i# pgq L},!*wzs ZKq6,g,Zzg M y~

m f m f zZws6,i',},pgq!w0Y


pgq!w pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 111Sub Topic 3.3


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/// /ZZZZyyyyppppggggqqqq!!! !wwwwH Y@* c*H Yz{Zq- % zZu T$ m

z{z % GYD c*GY // // m z{ % GYD c*GY // // m z{Zq- g] 5 c* Y C Y zZu/$T$ i z{zg' N c* Y C Y // // i z{ g' N c* Y C Y // // m

H Y@* c*H Y Zq- % zZu q i GYD c*GY?z % // // i GYD c*GY? % // // i

Zq-

g] c*

Y C Y zZu

/$

q i

n ?zg' c* Y C Y // // i ? g' c* Y C Y // // i

H Y@*V c*H Y~Zq- % c*Zq- g] zZu1 u ] GYD c*GYNz % c*zg' c* % c* g' z1 u

g`fsZdwpgq!

w /Zy

B

K X

m ! m ! m f & ! m

!!!!NNNN g' YN Xz{ %KYN

H Y@*X? %gitY?z %7iYDX? GYD

? %GY

pgq!w pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 112


Sub Topic 3.3

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\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN

i n i m i m

] e & q ^ m i ^ i

m i f % f & i m

i m m f % m ^ m

gggg`ffffssss

VVVV !!!!NNNN ? A YDXGYNXY 7iYNX? gitbYX

z{ g'7hYN X? GYDX~git c*YV X? YX~H Y@*VX? %N*Y

z{Zq- g] YC



Sub Topic 3.3

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OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ppppggggqqqq!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZ3333 m m ^ m i i ^ m i i ^ i

i n i ^ i ]

m v g m v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ i v f

i v f n i v f ^ i v f ] u g v g

m m ^ m i i ^ m i i ^ i

i n i ^ i ]

m m ] m i i ] m i i ] i

i m i ] i ]

m j x m j v ^ m j v i j x i j v ^ m j v i j x i j v ^ i j v

i j v n i j v ^ i j v ] j x j x

m h m e ^ m e i h i e ^ m e i h i e ^ i e

i e n i e ^ i e ] h h

pgq!w pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 116Sub Topic 3.3


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ttt t!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZyyyyppppggggqqqq7H Y@* c*7H Y z{Zq- % zZu T$ m

7GYD c*7GYNz{z % // // m 7GYD c*7GYNz{ % // // m 7 YC c*7 Y z{Zq- g] zZu/$T$ i

7 YC c*7 YN z{zg' // // i 7 YC c*7 YN z{ g' // // m

7H Y@* c*7H Y Zq- % zZu q i 7GYD c*7GY?z % // // i 7GYD c*7GY ? % // // i 7 YC c*7 Y Zq- g] zZu/$q i n

7 YC c*7 Y ?zg' // // i 7 YC c*7 Y ? g' // // i

7H Y@*V c*7H YV ~Zq- % c*Zq- g] zZu1 u ] GYNz % c*zg' c* % c* g' 7 7GYD c* z1 u

/Zypgqt!wN m j g ! m

! m \\\ \zzzzCCCCNNNN

m j f ^ ( m ( ]

m ( m ( i m

m q ( ( m

] ( ] ( i j f n

pgqt!w pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 119


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!!!!NNNN

z{ %7GYNX77iYN7 Y X? git7~YC

? git7Y75Y Xz{ g'7YN

~7H YV X?zg'7 YC git7 c*Y

OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ppppggggqqqqttt t!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZ3333

m m ^ m i i ^ m i i ^ i i n i ^ i ]

m v g m v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ m v f i v g i v f ^ i v f i v f n i v f ^ i v f ] u g v g

m m ^ m

i i ^ m i i ^ i i n i ^ i ]

m m ] m

i i ] m

i i ] i i m i ] i ]

m j x m j v ^ m j v

i j x i j v ^ m j v

i j x i j v ^ i j v i j v n i j v ^ i j v ] j x j x

m h m e ^ m e i h i e ^ m e i h i e ^ i e i e n i e ^ i e ] h h



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ppppggggqqqqttt t!!! !wwww ppppggggqqqq!!! !wwww ppppggggqqqqttt txxxx ppppggggqqqqxxxx m m m m

m m m m

m m m m i i i i i i i i

m m m m i i i i

i i i i i i i i

i n i n

i n i n

i i i i i i i i ] ] ] ]

pgqt!w pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 123Sub Topic 3.4


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SUB TOPIC 3.5

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ]]]]j jj j ^ ^ ^

ZZZZEEEEwwww ^ ^ ^ Z /pgq6,NZ Zg)( paZY Z%Z[t ^

pgq7g;0 HZzgZe**xZ Zg~g3 Y@*)z{zYD( ^ ^ m a f ^ )z{Y@*( ^ m a g

)z{ YD( ^ ] m a f Zgzi!*y~LL@*ZzgLLDz ){Z Zg #

+ZEw ZZ ^ XX Z4 n ZZ ^ XX pgq6, /Zy ,ZzgZy pCN ^ 6, m r ! m g ! m


y ZEw pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 125Sub Topic 3.5


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ffffssss VVVVVVVVZZZZkkkk ZZZZhhhh bbbbffff ddd d BBBB

)h~]?Yy( i )z{ kd$Yy ( n )h~]~ V ( ] j g ) kd$B ( pgq!w6,Z4D ZZ XX Zzg ZZXX

FFFF,,, , ,,, ,

j ! i ! j j f ! j ! j x n ! ^ h ! i ] ! n a f ^ ! i a f n i f % ! ^ r

!!!!NNNN kd$g~ Y X?z % w d$:YNX? KY

z{zg'YN X? Xz{

]?

g'd

Xz{z %ZgGYNw

:zZ:Y Xz{ zZ:GYNy M \tMh Zywzs zz ZZXXZZ XX

pgq sp~ pZpgqbV6, ZW,77,Z

pgq~p~ pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 129

pgq~p~ pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 130

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SUB TOPIC 3.7

^ ^ ^ r rr r ]]]] j jj j | || |

wzsZ, Zypgq6, W zzpgqbVZzgpzV~p~CXz{wzspgq/VZzgpzV~p~ D

zzzz{{{{&&&&nnnny@*N )3( )zZ( ** )2( )bxzZ( Yix )1(

Yix

xZ %4 ! $

^ ! ] ! t0*wzs twzspgq bxZzgZ Yi)bx] ] # y XyZZ~7, xZ %4 ( V

Z % Y Dpgq & ? EEzxY@*X :


pgq & ? EEzxZzg


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pgq Wy bxZzgyZ Z! /ZZzgpgq t 7 ( )Zk m j g )Zk7H ( m p~

Zk /Zy 9 C E X ^ j g ( ^ !*Z,******** ] ! ! o !] )i',zZwzs(tegwzs

twzspgq6,Z4DZzgZk ] ] # ~7, yZZ yH Y@*X V sws

pgq Wy ZzgyZ ! /ZZzg@*N p aZ @*ZzgwBm

)z{C /7 ( m $ j g )z{C /7 } ( m $

yyyy@@@@****N NN N Zky p~@*N aZ apgq Wy~ c*Y@*ZkBpgq zq~LLx


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zzzzzzzzppppggggqqqq~~~~pppp~~~~ wwwwssss

pgqXbV Wy~ws6,LZy bx )1(

X]bV Wy~yZ Z!Zk /Z )2(

XzbV Wy~y ;z{ZKq6,!*gL )3(pgq tp~ )4(

pgq & ? EEzxZzg


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SUB TOPIC 3.8

qqqqv vv v eeee o oo o eeee ^ ^ r rr r ` `

/// /ZZZZyyyy 9 99 9 C CC C EEEExxxx

zz pZ]9

C E pgq Wy bx c* )7H ZkZq- %( m m yZ Z! / H)1( )7H Zyz %zV( m m yZ Z! / H)2( ( Zy %zV H 7 ) m ] m

Wy bx c* ZkZq- g]( H 7 ) i i yZ Z! / H)3( )7H ZyzgV( i i

y ; ( Zy gV H 7 ) m m Wy bx c* )7H Zq- %( i i

yZ Z! / H)4( )7H ?z %zV( i i yZ Z! / H)5( ? %zV( H 7 ) i ] i yZ Z! / H)6( ( Zq- g] H 7 ) i o i n yZ Z! / H)7( )7H ?zgV( i i

y ; ( ? gV H 7 ) i i Wy bx c* ( ~Zq- % c*Zq- g] H 7 ) ] ] Wy bx c* %zV c* gV( H 7 )


9 C E & E M M Qz!* pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 137Sub Topic 3.8


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!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZyyyy 9 99 9 C CC C EEEE7H Hz{Zq- % zZu T$ m 7G z{z % T$ m 7G z{ % T$ m ] 7 z{Zq- g] zZu/$T$ i 7 I z{zg' /$T$ i 7 I z{ g' /$T$ m

7H HZq- % zZu q i 7G ?z % q i 7G ? % q i ]

7

Zq-

g] zZu/$

q i

o

7 I ?zg' /$q i 7 I ? g' /$q i

7H H~Zq- % c*Zq- g] zZu1 u ] 7G z % c*zg' c* % c* g' z1 u

zzzzzzzzppppggggqqqq~~~~pppp~~~~ wwwwssss pgqXbV6,LZy )1(X]bV Wy~yZ Z!Zk /Z )2(XzbV)/$T$/$q ( )3(

Wy~

y ;

z{ZKq6,

!*

gL p~@*N aZ @*Zzgi:wBm )4(qgzfs /ZVZk Zh bfd B

Zy~C Zq- , /ZyyH Y@*Zh b1Y

9 C E & E M M Qz!* pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 138


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******** r rr r 0 00 0 EEEE e ee e ^ ^ /// /ZZZZyyyyxxxx zz pZ] f e^ pgq

Wy c* )C /7 uz{Zq- %( m $ m

yZ Z! / H)1( )C /7 ,z{z %( m $

m yZ Z! / H)2( )C /7 ,z{ %( m $ ] m Wy c* )C /7 } z{Zq- g]( i i

yZ Z! / H)3( ( , z{zg' C /7 ) i i y ; ( , z{ g' C /7 ) m $ m

Wy c* ( } Zq- % C /7 ) i i yZ Z! / H)4( ( z?z % C /7 ) i i yZ Z! / H)5( ( z? % C /7 ) i ] i yZ Z! / H)6( )C /7 } Zq- g]( i o i n yZ Z! / H)7( ( z ?zg' C /7 ) i i

y ; ( z ? g' C /7 ) i i Wy c* % c*Zq- g]( )C /7 zV ~Zq- ] ] Wy c* % c* g'( , C /7 ) $

******** r rr r 0 00 0 EEEE e ee e ^ ^ !!! !wwww

C /

7H Yz{Zq-

% zZu T$

m %

C /7GYNz{z % T$ m % C /7GYNz{ % T$ m % ] C /7 Y z{Zq- g] zZu/$T$ i C /7 YN z{zg' /$T$ i C /7 YN z{ g' /$T$ m %

C /7H YZq- % zZu q i C /7GY ?z % q i C /7GY ? % q i ] C /7 Y Zq- g] zZu/$q i o

C /7 Y ?zg' /$q i C /7 Y ? g' /$q i

C /7H YV ~Zq- % c*Zq- g] zZu1 u ] C /7GYNz % c*zg' c* % c* g' z1 u %



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zzzzzzzz p pp pZZZZ]]]]zzzzZZZZ ,,, , ZZZZzzzzgggg \\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNNXXXX

i o i o i ]

m ] i ] m m $

$

i i

i m

!!!!NNNN ?z %zV7H X %C /7 ,?zg'C /7 X~Zq- %7H

~Zq- g]C /7kV XZq- %C /7 } X7H z{Zq- g]C /7 } X?zgV7H XZyz %zV7H Xz{ g'C /7[ X



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/// /ZZZZ3333 ,,, ,XXXX\\\ \ZZZZzzzzgggg 88886666,,, ,K KK K ZZZZzzzzgggg ZZZZyyyyZZZZddddwwww

m j x m m h m j g \\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNNpppp~~~~QQQQkkkk zzzzZZZZ ,,, ,

i o i ] j g m $ j f

i e o i e ^ i j f ^ m $ j f ^

] i o i j v m

i e ^ m $ e ^ m $ j v ] i j v ]

VVVV !!!!NNNN zZ , Zzg

~Zq- %C /7kV X?z %zV7 Zy %zV7H XZq- g]7

? %

zV7 X?zgV7

z{C /7X? gV7 Zq- g]7 XZq- g]C /7

Zq- %7XZq- g]C /7



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wwww ]]]] wwwwggggnnnnp pp p /// /ZZZZ3333 ,,, ,

m m m m m g wwww ]]]] ppppggggnnnnp pp p 7777,,, , \\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN

i m i g m g

i p i o m ] i ]

i m ] i ]

i p m ] i m f

!w

/Zy ,

z\ 86

,K e Zzg

9 C Ee @

*

N m ! m \\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN i i ] m ] ] % m

m % i i o i i ] m % ] i o i m



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OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[!!!!****xxxx /// /ZZZZ3333 m $ m $ ^ m $

] i i ^ m $ i i ^ i ]

i o i ^ i ] $

m $ v g m $ v f ^ m $

v f ] i v g i v f ^ m $ v f i v g i v f ^ i v f ]

i v f o i v f ^ i v f ] u g $ v g

m $ m $ ^ m $

] i i ^ m $ i i ^ i ]

i o i ^ i ] $

m $ m $ ] m $

] i i ] m $ i i ] i ]

i p i ] i ] $

m $ j x m $ j v ^ m $

j v ] i j x i j v ^ m $ j v i j x i j v ^ i j v ]

i j v o i j v ^ i j v ] j x $ j x

m $ h m $ e ^ m $

e ] i h i e ^

m $ e i h i e ^ i e ]

i e o i e ^ i e ] h $ h

OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[!!!!****!!! !wwww /// /ZZZZ3333

m %

m % ^ m % ] i i ^ m % i i ^ i ] i o i ^ i ]

%

m %

v g m % v f ^ m % v f ] i v g i v f ^ m % v f i v g i v f ^ i v f ] i v f o i v f ^ i v f ] u g % v g

m %

m % ^ m % ] i i ^ m % i i ^ i ] i o i ^ i ] %

m %

m % ] m % ]

i i ] m % i i ] i ] i p i ] i ] %

m %

j x m % j v ^ m % j v ] i j x i j v ^ m % j v i j x i j v ^ i j v ] i j v o i j v ^ i j v ] j x % j x

m %

h m % e ^ m % e ] i h i e ^ m % e i h i e ^ i e ] i e o i e ^ i e ] h % h



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!!!!wwww!!!!**** xxxx!!!!**** 9 99 9 C CC C EEEE!!! !wwww 9 99 9 C CC C EEEExxxx m % m $ m m m % m $ m m m %

] m $

] m ] m ] i i i i i i i i

m % m $ m m i i i i i i i i i ] i ] i ] i ]

i

o

i

o i

o

i

o

i i i i i i i i ] ] ] ] % $

9 C E & E M M Qz!* pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 152Sub Topic 3.8


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SUB TOPIC 3.9

j jj j f ff f eeee ^ ^ iiii ^ ^ n nn n $$$$ n nn n n nn n

yyyy@@@@****

N NN N yyyy` wzspgq/VZzgpzV~ p DZy &97,|y@*N )3( ** )2( Yix )1(

**zYix y[Xy@*N Zh bB

Zk~@*

N w

p ZZ XX t M

\7,

|` pgq6,

)z{C /7 } ( m $ aZYDZ[Z /I e z{LL zg } pgqLLx


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yyyy

t sZybV~ W@*X~yZ: )1(ZzgXbV~yZZyy +7 W@*

z{\tXegzVz/$T$z/$q

yzZws Z Z[z y )2(zVp~@*N 0*YC)~i c*{Zzg~ ( )3(

www wxxxx xxxx@@@@****N NN N zzzzyyyyzzzzyyyy

x!*

y

w x!*

y w qxgp +

z{ zg } n z{Zq- % zg!* 8zg } n $ m zZu T$


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\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNNZZZZyyyy~~~~H HH H ppppVVVV

n n j $ n $ j $

j ? j n j

$ $ n $ j

wx /Zy , m ( m ( m a g !!!!NNNN

t!*] c*g T\~yZ W@*Zky +7 W@*X

z{ zg!* 8zg ,X? zg!* 8zgZw zX? zgZw z~ zggz V Xz{ zg!* 8zg y , z{z zg!* 8zg , Xz{z zg!* 8zgZw ,

?z % zg!* 8zgIX?zg' zg!* 8zg , zg!* 8zgZw ,Xzg' zg!* 8zg7

wx !* x pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 159


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yz /Zy , m a g ( m j x ( m

zzzz\\\ \K KK K

? n j v ^ $ j $ n j v $ j v $

j

$

n

j

v $

n

j

v

j

j

j v $ j j j v j j v

!!!!NNNN ? % zg!* 8zg zz{ g' zg!* 8zg , X? g' zg!* 8zg z

Y3 XZq- g] zg!* 8zgY !* 8zg zg' zg z{

g!* 8

zgY3 ?z % zg!* 8

zggz X

% z !* 8zgY X? g' zg z{Zq- g] zg }z{ % zg!* 8zg7

~Zq- % zg!* 8zgYV



Sub Topic 3.9

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SUB TOPIC 3.10

j jj j f ff f r rr r ` ` eeee ^ ^ iiii ^ ^ n nn n $$$$ n nn n n nn n

www w!!! !wwww xxxx@@@@****N NN N zzzzyyyyzzzzyyyy!

w!*

y

w!

w!*

y w q!

wgp +

z{Zq- % zgH Y n z{Zq- % zg!* 8zgH Y n $ m zZu T$


100/170

!!!!NNNN))))yyyyzzzz((((

? zg!* 8zgTY Zy gV zg!* 8zg Y X?z %zV zg!* 8zg7YY X ~ zg Y % zgZgGYNX?zg' zg!* 8zg Y

Zyz %zV zg!* 8zg Y Zq- g] zgZw Y5XZq- % zg5Y

yz!w /Zy ,X 86,\ZzgK m ! m \\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN

$ j j $

. $ j ? !!!!NNNN

Zy V zg!* 8zg Y X? % zg!* 8zgGY zg!* 8zg7iYNX?zg' zg!* 8zg7hY X? g' zg!* 8zg7hY

z{zg' zg!* 8zg7hYN

!* x w!w pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 165


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www wxxxx xxxxzzzzyyyy@@@@****N NN N zzzzyyyy n $

n ^ n

$

j $ j ^ n ^

j $ j ^

j $

j $

j ^ j ^

$

$

n v f $ n v f ^

n v f $

j v f $ j v f ^ n v f ^

j v f $ j v f ^

j v f $

j v f $

j v f ^ j v f ^

u f $

v f $

n $ n ^

n $

j $ j ^ n ^

j $ j ^

j $

j $

j ^ j ^

$

$

n $

n ] n

$

j $

j ] n ^ j $

j ] j $

j $

j ] j ^

$

$

n j v $ n j v ^

n j v $

j j v $

j j v ^ n j v ^ j j v $

j j v ^ j j v $

j j v $

j j v ^ j j v ^

j v $

j v $

n e $

n e ^

n e $

j e $

j e ^ n e ^ j e

$

j e ^ j e

$

j e $

j e ^ j e ^

e $

e $

www w!!! !wwww xxxxzzzzyyyy@@@@****N NN N zzzzyyyy

n $

n ^ n $

j $ j ^ n ^

j $ j ^

j $ j $

j ^ j ^

$

$

n v f $

n v f ^ n v f $

j v f $ j v f ^ n v f ^

j v f $ j v f ^

j v f $ j v f

$

j v f ^ j v f ^

u f $

v f $

n $

n ^ n $

j $ j ^ n ^

j $ j ^

j $ j $

j ^ j ^

$

$

n $

n ] n $

j $ j ] n ^

j $ j ]

j $ j

$

j ] j ^

$

$

n j v $

n j v ^ n j v $

j j v $ j j v ^ n j v ^

j j v $ j j v ^

j j v $ j j v $

j j v ^ j j v ^

j v $

j v $

n e $

n e ^ n e $

j e $ j e ^ n e ^

j e $ j e ^

j e $ j e

$

j e ^ j e ^

e $

e $



Sub Topic 3.10

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!* x w!w pgq Topic 3.0Slide # 169Sub Topic 3.10


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TOPIC NO 4.0

` ` o oo o ^ ^ ^ eeeen nn n ^ ^ ^

]]]]

SUB TOPIC 4.1

]]]] eeee ^ ^ ^ 1 11 1 ^ ^ ^ m mm m

Slide # 170

z4 y Z % Topic 4.0Slide # 171


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ZZZZ % %% %

x

x T Z %

p

x b

)Y( ] a g Z % Zk LL z9 Z %

Z %T$ )2( Z %q )1(

Z %q xb\ WDY V T c*

Y z{ c*Zq- c*z c*zi c*{ Q c*z{ V c*/$&\ aZzg&/$at b\

ZZZZ % %% %qqqq xxxx

{{{{ Z %q zZu q \ pgqzZu q D

&wpgq# pgq v.s , )1(Zzg zq~ z,X

Z /pgq LL *x z*x )2(ZzgZ /LL g c*


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)Y(pgq


106/170

N z*x ZzgZ /pgq LL *x

w ZKq6,g gggg`ffffssssZZZZppppZZZZ % %% %qqqq xxxx /// /ZZZZyyyy ,,, ,)( ] q i r )Y( ] a g i a g

) ( ] i ~pgq


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ZZZZ % %% %qqqq xxxx 7777gggg~~~~ /// /ZZZZ3333 88886666,,, ,ZZZZzzzzggggbbb bVVVVBBBBK KK K

i ! i g ! i ! i ! i j g

\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNNwwww ]]]] wwwwgggg 7777,,, , ] ] o ] j f ^ ] ] ] ] ]

] o ] ] g ] ] ] ]

] q ] ] a f ^ ] j f ] ] ] ] f

W\ /

Zt~

Zdw7,

Zy~

P

YD p[wY X ] ] # ZyZ %q x /Z3NX m ! m j x ! m h ppppggggqqqq


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109/170


110/170


111/170

/// /ZZZZyyyyZZZZ % %% %qqqq !!! !wwww

Z %q

!w!

*y

Z

%q

!w!

*y Z

%q

!w j

e zgH YZq- %( E j $

Zq- %( YgH z !* 8 gz eE j

e H YZq- %( Ex j ? j

j j $ j ]

j j $

j o x j ? j x j j

ZZZZ % %% %qqqq

!!! !wwww

/// /ZZZZyyyy

,,, ,ZZZZzzzzgggg

zzzz

bbb bVVVVBBBB

K KK K i q ! i ! i ! i

\\\ \ZZZZzzzzggggCCCCNNNN j ] j j q j $ j ]

j

j

j

j

] j

!!!!NNNNe H YZq- %e zg!* 8zgTY? %e zggit~YZq- g]e ZwGY? %

Z % i z4 y Z % Topic 4.0Slide # 186


Sub Topic 4.1

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OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ZZZZ % %% %qqqq !!! !wwww /// /ZZZZ3333

j j ^ j ]

j o j ^ j

j v g j v f ^ j v f ]

j v f o j v f ^ j v f

j j ^ j ]

j o j ^ j

j j ] j ]

j p j ] j

j j x j j v ^ j j v ]

j j v o j j v ^ j j v

j h j e ^ j e ]

j e o j e ^ j e

OOOO ZZZZ1111ZZZZ[[[[ZZZZ % %% %qqqq !!! !wwww!!!!****yyyy /// /ZZZZ3333 j $ j j $

j $

j

j

j v f $ j v f j v f $

j v f $

j v f

j v f

j $ j j $

j $

j

j

j $ j j $

j $

j

j

j j v $ j j v

j j v $

j j v $

j j v

j j v

j e $ ? j e ^

j e $

j e $

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Sub Topic 4.1

Sub Topic 4.1


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