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(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Biogeochemistry & ClimateBiogeochemistry & Climate
Primary Source: Primary Source:
IPCC WG-I Chapter 7 - Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and BiogeochemistryIPCC WG-I Chapter 7 - Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide (CO(CO22))
Pre-industrial: ~ 280 ppmPre-industrial: ~ 280 ppm
Sources:Sources:
1.1. Fossil fuelsFossil fuels
2.2. Cement productionCement production
3.3. DeforestationDeforestation
4.4. Biomass burningBiomass burning
75%
Sinks:Sinks:
1.1. Rock weatheringRock weathering
2.2. Plant sedimentsPlant sediments
3.3. Ocean uptakeOcean uptake
4.4. Plant growthPlant growth
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Evidence for Anthropogenic?Evidence for Anthropogenic?
• Carbon IsotopesCarbon Isotopes
• OO22 depletion depletion
• Gradient Gradient between NH & between NH & SH SH hemisphereshemispheres
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
The Global Carbon CycleThe Global Carbon Cycle
((Black: pre-industrial “natural”Black: pre-industrial “natural” Red: 1990s anthropogenicRed: 1990s anthropogenic))
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
COCO22 Sources and Sinks Sources and Sinks
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Ocean Carbon PumpsOcean Carbon Pumps
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Ocean Sources & Sinks of COOcean Sources & Sinks of CO22
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Time Time Variability Variability
of COof CO22
Sources & Sources & SinksSinks
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Removal Removal Rates for Rates for
Added Added COCO22
Within 30 yr: ~ 50% Within 30 yr: ~ 50%
Within few C: ~ 80% Within few C: ~ 80%
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
COCO22 Emissions vs. Removal Emissions vs. Removal
Actual amountAll into atmosphere
Cooler temps?
More diffuse solar radiation?
Effect of Mt. Pinatubo?Effect of Mt. Pinatubo?
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Methane (CHMethane (CH44) Sources and Sinks) Sources and Sinks
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
The The Reactive Reactive
GasesGases
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Methane (CHMethane (CH44))
NOAA Global Monitoring Division (GMD)
Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiments (AGAGE)
Sources:Sources:
1.1. Biogenic:Biogenic:
- WetlandsWetlands
- RiceRice
- Biomass burningBiomass burning
- RuminantsRuminants
2.2. Fossil fuel mining Fossil fuel mining and distributionand distribution
3.3. Living vegetation?Living vegetation?
Mt. Pinatubo?
Economic Incentives?
Warm 1998?
Average Lifetime: ~ 8 yr.
70+%
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Aerosol Aerosol EffectsEffects
Scientific understanding Scientific understanding is low (or less)is low (or less)
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Net Radiation (at TOA): Present - Pre-industrialNet Radiation (at TOA): Present - Pre-industrial
- 4- 4
00
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Precipitation: Present - Pre-industrialPrecipitation: Present - Pre-industrial
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)
Remove Aerosols?Remove Aerosols?
Constant GHG
Aerosol = 0
Constant GHG
Constant Aerosol