M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: BTC 101 …€¦ · UNIT-5 18 H ours Regulation of gene expression: In prokaryotes – positive & negative control, lac, trp and arb operon,

M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: BTC 101 COURSE TYPE: CCC

COURSE TITLE: CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

CREDIT: 07

THEORY: 05 PRACTICAL: 02

HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30 PRACTICAL: 33

OBJECTIVE: To inculcate within the students basic knowledge regarding the origin

of cells and cellular organization, cell behavior, cellular processes and molecular events

taking place within the cellular environment.

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18

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Origin of cell: molecular evolution & cell theory. Chemical bonds and functional

groups in biological system. Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, functions

of cell organelles. Ultra structure of plasmamembrane and transport across the

membrane. Cytoskeleton and cell motility: Microtubules, microfilaments and

intermediate filaments, cilia & flagella.

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IT-2

18

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Cell division: Cell cycle – steps, molecular events, cell cycle check points. Cdk –

cyclin complexes & their role in cell cycle regulation. Apoptosis, Tumor

suppressor genes and oncogenes (p53 and pRB), & cancer. Cell signalling:

exocrine, endocrine, paracrine and synaptic signalling, receptor mediated

transduction (G-Proteins, DAG, Ca+2, c-AMP).

UN

IT-3

18 H

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rs DNA Replication: General features, Enzymology & Mechanism of Replication.

Rolling circle model and replication at telomeres. DNA Repair: Types of DNA

damage & Mechanism of DNA Repair. Mutation: Types, Molecular basis and

Mutagens. Homologous recombination of genes: Holiday junction – Rec. A and

other recombinases, site specific recombination (cre-loxP, flp-frt).

UN

IT-4

18 H

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rs Transcription: Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes & eukaryotes, RNA

polymerases, post- transcriptional processing of tRNA, rRNA and mRNA.

Translation: Genetic code, Wobble Hypothesis, Translational mechanism in

prokaryotes and eukaryotes, post translational modification and transport of

proteins. Inhibitors of protein synthesis.

UN

IT-5

18 H

ou

rs Regulation of gene expression: In prokaryotes – positive & negative control, lac,

trp and arb operon, catabolite repression, attenuation. Transcriptional & Post

translational control. Regulation in eukaryotes: Control by promoter, enhancer

and silencers. Cis-trans elements. Environmental & developmental regulation.

DNA methylation & gene expression. Chromatin structure & gene expression.

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1. Squash preparation of onion root tip and to observe all stages of mitosis.

2. To observe meiosis in onion flower buds of onion (smear method).

3. Observation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and cell types

4. Subcellular fractionation.

5. Histochemical study of cells/cell types using specific dyes/reagents.

6. Karyotyping and primary banding pattern

7. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacterial, fungal, plant, human cheek

cells.

8. RNA isolation from yeast cells

9. Quality and quantity checking of DNA and RNA by UV

spectrophotometer

10. Isolation, determination, purification and separation of protein from

yeast cells.

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1. Anthony J.F. Griffiths, (2000), An introduction to Genetic Analysis,

W.H. Freeman

2. Brown. T.A. (2006), Genomes 3, Garland Science Publications

3. Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff. Keith

Roberts, Peter Walter, (2002), Molecular Biology of the Cell, IV

edition, Garland Publishing, New York

4. Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E. Hausman, (2007). The Cell – A

Molecular Approach, Sinauer Associates, Inc.

5. Lodish etal (2000) – Molecular Cell Biology, Fourth Edition, W.H.

Freeman and Company, New York.

6. Stanley. R. Maloy. John.E. Cronan., David Freifelder (1998), Microbial

Genetics, II edition, Narosa Publishing House, Madras

7. Strickberger (1996), Genetics, Prentice Hall of Inida Pvt. Ltd., New

Delhi



COURSE TITLE: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

CREDIT: 07


HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE: This course covers the major aspects of microbiology to impart the

students’ knowledge of the microbial world (bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses) and to

make them efficient in handling microbes in lab and utilize commercially important

microbes in industrial processes.

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IT-1

18

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History and scope of microbiology. Sterilization methods; physical, chemical

and biological. Nutritional requirement of microorganism. Culture media

preparation; selective, differential and enrichment media. Pure Culture

techniques. Mode of microbial nutrition. Nutritional Classification of bacteria.

UN

IT-2

18

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Classification, structure & characteristic features of bacteria. Biology of

Mycoplasmas. Bergey‟s manual. Microbial growth, measurement and factor

affecting growth. Major characteristics used in microbial taxonomy. Current

methods of microbial identification, including ribotyping; Ribosomal RNA

sequencing.

UN

IT-3

18 H

ou

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Structure and characteristic features of Algae and Protozoa. General

microscopic and macroscopic structures and characters of Fungi. Fungal

Classification. Importance of Fungi. Fungi as pathogen to man, animals and

plants. Microbial Metabolism- Glycolytic pathways, tricarboxyic acid cycle,

energy production, Aerobic and Anerobic respiration.

UN

IT-4

16 H

ou

rs Gene transfer mechanism in microbes: transformation, transduction, and

conjugation. Discovery, classification and structure of viruses. Viral replication

with examples of Retroviruses. Bacteriophages discovery and structure. Lytic

and Lysogenic Cycles.

UN

IT-5

20 H

ou

rs Pathogenic viruses and bacteria to man, animals and plants. Infectious disease

transmission; Tuberculosis. Sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS;

Diseases transmitted by animals (rabies, plague), insects and ticks (Rickettsias,

Lime disease, malaria). Food and water borne diseases.

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1. Introduction to Microbiology Lab, instruments and lab-rules

2. Media Preparation – Nutrient broth and Nutrient Agar, Potato Dextrose

Agar.

3. Isolation of Pure Colonies of Bacteria – Streak, Spread and Pour Plate

Methods, Preparation of Slants and Stab cultures.

4. Measurements of growth and preparation of growth curve.

5. Staining Techniques – Simple and Gram Staining, Spore and Capsule

Staining, Fungal Staining, Acid Fast Staining.

6. Determination of Anti-Microbial Activity by Disc Diffusion method

7. Biochemical characterization of isolated microbes.

8. Bacteriological Analysis of Water – Presumptive, Confirmed and

Completed tests (MPN).

9. Study of effect of temp., pH, salt concentration, on microbial growth.

10. Microbial analysis of food samples, methylene blue reduction test for

milk.

11. Isolation of UV-mutant, isolation of antibiotic resistant strains and

tryptophan mutant. Ames test to screen for chemical carcinogens.

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1. Adams, Martin, R. Moss., Maurice O. (2004) Food Microbiology, Third

edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge

2. Balasubramanian, D. and Bryce, C.F.A. Jeyaraman, K. Dharmalingam

K. Green (2004) Concepts in Biotechnology, COSTED-IBN, University

Press, Hyderabad

3. Gerard. J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christian L. Case, (2006),

Microbiology: An introduction, ninth edition, Benjamin Cummings

Publications

4. Pelzer M.J. Jr., Chan. E.C.S. and Kreig N.R. (1993), Microbiology,

McGraw Hill Inc. New York

5. Ronald M. Atlas, Richard Bartha R., (2004), Microbial Ecology –

Fundamentals and applications, Pearson education Limited

6. Salle A.J. (1999), Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, fifth edition

Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Limited, New York.

7. Stanbury P.F. & Whitaker. A. and S.J. Hall (2003), Principles of

Fermentation Technology, Butterworth – Heineman, New Delhi



COURSE TITLE: BIOCHEMISTRY

CREDIT: 07


HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this course is to fulfill the basic requirement of

the knowledge regarding biochemical and biomoleculer avenue. The contents of the

course cover the structure and physio-chemical properties of various biomolecules

and their function in the living world.

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IT-1

20

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Properties of water, the law of mass action, Dissociation of water and its ion

product, Kw, buffer and buffering capacity. pH. Bronsted acids, ionization of

weak acids and bases, Hendersen Hasselbalch equation, Titration curves and

buffering action. Law of thermodynamics, Gibb‟s free energy, Donan‟s

membrane equilibrium.

UN

IT-2

20

Ho

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Amino acids: structure, properties, classification and functions, naturally

occurring modifications of amino acids in proteins, non-protein amino acids.

Structure of proteins: primary, secondary (alpha helix, beta-plated and random

coils), Ramachandran plots. Tertiary and quaternary structures.

UN

IT-3

15 H

ou

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Carbohydrates: Introduction, classification, Types, optical isomerism,

mutarotation, basic structure and functions of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides,

polysaccharides, proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, peptidoglycans and bacterial cell

walls.

UN

IT-4

20 H

ou

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Lipids: Detailed classification, structure, properties and Biological functions.

Vitamins & Hormones – Classification, structure & physiological functions,

Phytohormones. Heterocyclic compounds – Secondary metabolites in living

system, pigments, and isoprenoids.

UN

IT-5

15 H

ou

rs

Nucleic acids: structure, properties and functions of DNA and RNA , Secondary

and tertiary level organization , various DNA forms, Conformation, super coiling,

Melting of DNA, Denaturation and Renaturation kinetics.

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1. pH measurements and preparation of buffers.

2. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.

3. Titration of amino acids – Determination of pK and pI values.

4. Estimation of proteins by Lowry and Bradford methods.

5. Estimation of reducing sugars by Benedict‟s titrimetric method.

6. Estimation of total carbohydrates by anthrone method.

7. Determination of saponification number of lipids.

8. Determination of amylase, peroxidase, catalase activity using

spectrophotometer

9. Determination of optimum temperature and pH for amylase activity

(from germinating seeds)

10. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, fatty

acids, phenolics, and volatile oils.

11. Analysis of blood / urine samples for sugars / urea / bile pigments.

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1. Arthur M. Lest, (2002), Introduction to Protein Architecture, The

Structural Biology of Proteins, Oxford University Press

2. Geofrey L. Zubay, William W. Passon, Dennis L. Vance, (1988),

Principles of Biochemistry, IV edition, W. M. C. Brown Publishers,

Australia

3. Gregory A. Petsko, Dagmar Ringe, (2003) Protein structure and function

(Printers in Biology) Siauer Associates

4. Michael Cox., David. L. Nelson, (2004) Lehninger, Principles of

Biochemistry,

5. Murray, R.K. A. Grannor, D.K. Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell V. W. (2000)

Harper’s Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

6. Nicholes C. Price and Lewis Stevens, (2001), Fundamentals of

Enzymology, The cell and molecular Biology of catalytic proteins, Oxford

University Press.

7. Sober, (2002), Handbook of Biochemistry selected Data for Molecular

Biology, II.Edition

8. Stryer.L. (2003) Biochemistry, V. Edition. W.H. Freeman & Co. NY

Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.


COURSE CODE: BTC S01 COURSE TYPE: OSC

COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & COMPUTER

APPLICATION: BASICS

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE:

Understands the concept and place of research in the concerned subject

Gets acquainted with various resources for research

Becomes familiar with various tools of research

Gets conversant with sampling techniques, methods of research and techniques

of analysis of data

Achieves skills in various research writings

Gets acquainted with computer Fundamentals and Office Software Package.

UN

IT-1

15

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Concept of Research: Meaning and characteristics of research, Steps in research

process, Types of research - i) Basic, applied and action research ii)

Quantitative and qualitative research, Areas of research in concern discipline

Selection of Problem for Research: Sources of the selection of the problem,

Criteria of the selection of the problem, Drafting a research proposal, Meaning

and types of variables, Meaning and types of hypotheses.

UN

IT-2

15 H

ou

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Tools of Research: Meaning and general information about construction

procedure of (i) Questionnaire, (ii) Interview, (iii) Psychological test, (iv)

observation (v) Rating scale (vi) Attitute scale and (vii) check list, Advantages

and disadvantages of above tools

Sampling : Meaning of population and sample , Importance and characteristics

of sample , Sampling techniques - i) Probability sampling : random sampling,

stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling ii) Non-

probability sampling: incidental sampling, purposive sampling, quata sampling

UN

IT-3

25 H

ou

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Methods of Research: Meaning and conducting procedure of following methods

of research: Historical method, Survey method, Case study, Causal comparative

method, Developmental methods, Experimental methods.

UN

IT-4

20 H

ou

rs Treatment of Data: Level of measurements of data, Steps in treatment of data:

editing, coding, classification, tabulation, analysis and interpretation of results.

Writing Research Report: Sections of report: Preliminary section, Content

section: various chapters, Supplementary section: appendices, references,

abstract, Format and style.

UN

IT-5

15

Hou

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Computer Fundamentals

Computer System: Features, Basic Applications of Computer, Generations of

computers.

Parts of Computer System: Block Diagram of Computer System; Central

Processing Unit (CPU); Concepts and types of Hardware and Software, Input

Devices - Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner, Bar Code Reader, track ball; Output

Devices - Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker; Computer Memory - primary and

secondary memory, magnetic and optical storage devices.

Operating Systems - MS Windows: Basics of Windows OS; Components of

Windows - icons, taskbar, activating windows, using desktop, title bar, running

applications, exploring computer, managing files and folders, copying and

moving files and folders; Control panel: display properties, adding and

removing software and hardware, setting date and time, screensaver and

appearance; Windows Accessories: Calculator, Notepad, WordPad, Paint Brush,

Command Prompt, Windows Explorer.

UN

IT-6

15

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Office Software Package

Word Processing - MS Word : Creating, Saving, Opening, Editing,

Formatting, Page Setup and printing Documents; Using tables, pictures, and

charts in Documents; Using Mail Merge sending a document to a group of people

and creating form, letters and label.

Spreadsheet - MS Excel: Opening a Blank or New Workbook, entering

data/Function/ Formula into worksheet cell, Saving, Editing, Formatting, Page

Setup and printing Workbooks.

Presentation Software - MS Power Point: Creating and enhancing a

presentation, modifying a presentation, working with visual elements, adding

Animations & Transitions and delivering a presentation.

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1. Agrawal, Y. P. (1988). Better sampling : Concepts, Techniques and

Evaluation. New Delhi : sterling Publishers Private Ltd.

2. Best, J. W. (1993). Research in Education (6th

ed.) New Delhi : Prentice-

Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

3. Broota, K. D. (1992) Experimental design in Behavioral Research (2nd

ed.)

4. Fundamental Of Research Methodology And Statistics, Y.K. Singh, New

Age

5. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P. and Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research:

An introduction (8th

ed.) Coston : Allyn and Bacon.

6. Garrett, H. E. & Woodworth, R. S. (1969). Statistics in Psychology and

Education. Bombay : Vakils, Fecffer & Simons Pvt. Ltd.

7. Goode, W. J. & Hatt, Paul K. (1952). Methods in Social Research. New

York : McGraw-Hill.

8. Hyman, H. H., et al. (1975). Interviewing in Social Research. Chicago :

University of Chicago Press.

9. International (P) Limited, Publishers.Practical Research Methods, Dr

Catherine Dawson,

10. Kerlinger, F. N. (1983) Foundation of Behavioural Research. (2nd

Indian

Reprint) New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

11. Kothari, C. R. (2007) Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques (3rd

ed.)

12. Microsoft First Look Office 2010, K. Murray, Microsoft Press. New Delhi

: Wiley Eastern Limited.

13. New Delhi: Wishwa Prakashan. Fundamentals Of Computers, Dr. P.

Mohan, Himalaya Publishing House.

14. The Essence of Research Methodology, Jan Jonker & Bartjan Pennink,

Springer.


COURSE CODE: BTC A01 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB

COURSE TITLE: CONSTITUTIONALISM & INDIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06 HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE:

Understands the concept of Constitutionalism

Gets acquainted with various Indian Political System

Becomes familiar with various Union Executive

Gets conversant with Legislatures, Legislative Bills

Achieves skills in various writings

UN

IT-1

20 H

ou

rs Meaning: Constitution, Constitutional government & constitutionalism; Difference

between Constitution & Constitutionalism; Constitutionalism: Basis, Elements,

Features & future. Forms of Government: Democracy & Dictatorship, Unitary &

Federal, Parliamentary & Presidential form. Ideals of the Indian Constitution

incorporated in the Preamble. Special Features of the Indian Constitution.

UN

IT-2

15 H

ou

rs Concept of State and Citizenship, Judicial Review and Fundamental Rights, Directive

Principles of the State Policy, Fundamental Duties, Procedure to Amend the Indian

Constitution, Judiciary: Supreme Court and High Court, Judicial Activism and Public

Interest Litigation and Provisions relating to Emergency.

UN

IT-3

20 H

ou

rs Union Executive- President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers. State Executive-

Governor, Chief Minister and Council of Ministers. Local Bodies & Panchayati Raj.

UN

IT-4

20 H

ou

rs Parliament of India, State Legislatures, Legislative Bills: Ordinary, Money and

Financial, Union State Relations, Principles of the „Separation of Power and the

„Principles of Check & Balance‟. Political Parties and Pressure Groups. Challenges

before Indian Democracy: Terrorism, Regionalism, Communalism, Linguistics and

National Integration.

UN

IT-5

15 H

ou

rs Controller & Accountant General of India, Solicitor General, Advocate General,

Election Commission, Union and State(s) Public Service Commission, Finance

Commission.

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HOBBES, Thomas, The Leviathan, Chapters XIII & XVII [entry]

LOCKE, John, The Second Treatise of Civil Government, Chapter IX [entry]

ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques, The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right

MONTESQUIEU, The spirit of the laws,

RAZ, Joseph, “The rule of law and its virtue”, in The authority of law, Oxford University

Press, 1979

Dicey on British constitution

P. Ishwara Bhat Inter-relationship between Fundamental Rights

M P Jain Indian Constitutional Law

H M Seervai Constitutional Law of India

V N Shukla Constitution of India

D DBasu Shorter Constitution of India

B Sivarao Constitutional Assembly Debates

J. V R Krishna Iyer Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

Paras Diwan Human Rights and the Law

P K Tripathi Some Insight into Fundamental Rights

S P Sathe Fundamental Rights and Amendment to the Constitution

P B Gajendragadkar Law, Liberty and Social Justice

David Karrys Politics of Law



COURSE TITLE: BIOSTATISTICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE: Statistical analysis has become a major requisite for the authenticity of

research undertaking and also for the verification of research findings. In a similar way

instruments are the backbone of biotechnological research. In this regards, this paper has

been designed to bridge the gap between the theoretical and practical aspects of the

subject.

UN

IT-1

20

Hou

rs Introduction to biostatistics, concept of variables in biological systems, collection,

classification, tabulation, graphical and diagrammatic representation of numerical

data. Measures of central tendency and dispersion - mean, median, mode, range,

standard deviation, variance.

UN

IT-2

15

Hou

rs Correlation and Regression. Testing of Hypotheses: Analysis of Variance &

covariance. Types of errors and level of significance. Tests of significance – F & t

tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA. Probability distributions (viz. Binomial, Poisson and

Normal).

UN

IT-3

20

Hou

rs Principles and applications; simple, compound, phase contrast, fluorescent, SEM &

TEM. Centrifugation technique: principle, type of centrifuges, differential & density

gradient centrifugation, sub-cellular fractionation. Chromatography: Principles &

types; paper, thin layer, gas, gel permeation, ion exchange, HPLC, FPLC and affinity

chromatography.

UN

IT-4

20 H

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rs Electromagnetic spectrum, beer lambert‟s law. Photometry, UV/Visible, infrared,

atomic absorption, ESR and NMR spectroscopy. Mass spectroscopy and fluorescent

spectroscopy. Electrophoresis: polyacilamide & Agarose gel electrophoresis. Blotting:

southern, western and northern blotting, immunoblotting, immunoelectrophoresis.

UN

IT-5

15

Hou

rs Nature and type of radiations, preparation of labelled biological samples. Deletion and

measurement of radioactivity, GM counter, scintillation counter, autoradiography,

flow cytometry. Safety measurement in handing radioisotopes. RIA & ELISA.

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1. A Biologists guide to Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry,

B.D.williams (Edward Arnold).

2. Arora P.N. & Malkhan P.K. 1997: Biostatistics, Himalaya publication

3. Glover T. and Mitchell K. 2002: Introduction to biostatistics, McGraw Hill NY

4. Mahajan , S. K. : Introductory statistics for Biology

5. Rosner Bernard 1999: Fundamentals of Biostatistics Duxbury Press.

6. Upadyay A., Upadyay K. and Nath N. 2009: Biophysical chemistry: Principles

and techniques. Himalaya publishing.

7. Wilson K. and Walker J. 2004: Principles and Techniques of Practical

Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.



COURSE TITLE: BIOPHYSICS

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the paper is to acquaint students with the

principles of biophysics and instrumentation based on biophysics as a result of which

the student are expected to have basic knowledge about the functioning of analytical

instruments and to deal with possible instrumentation errors and malfunctioning

during working.

UN

IT-1

15

Hou

rs

Historical background up to Bhor model. Significance of second and third

postulates of Bohr‟s model. Atomic spectaera is signature of the element. Bhor –

Sommerfeld model. Vector atom model. Quantum numbers, Selection rules.

Pauli‟s exclullsion principle. Emission spectra with respect to Na atoms to

understand selection rules.

UN

IT-2

20

Hou

rs

Electromagnetic wave and spectrum. Applications of electromagnetic spectrum

for spectroscopy. Rotational vibrational Spectroscopy – IR spectroscopy.

Principle construction and Application of IR spectrometer. Electron

spectroscopy. UV – visible spectroscopy. Principle, construction and working of

colorimeter, Spectrophotometer, Flurometer.

UN

IT-3

15 H

ou

rs Nucleus, Properties. Nuclear forces. Nuclear models (liquid drop and shell

model). Half life – physical and biological. Handling and standardization of alpha

and beata emitting isotopes. Radioimmunoassay. Radiopharmaceuticals and its

uptakes. Production of radionuclide. GM counter, Scintillation counter.

UN

IT-4

20 H

ou

rs

Enthalpy, Entropy, Free energy, Gibb‟s free energy (G). Helmholtz free energy

(A). Chemical potential. Redox potential. Structure and bioenergetics of

mitochondria and chloroplast. Thermometric properties and types of

thermometers (clinical, thermocouple, bimetallic, platinum resistance,

thermometers).

UN

IT-5

15 H

ou

rs Organization of plasma membrane. Mass transport. Diffusion – basics, Passive

and active transport. Membrane potential, Nernst equation. Passive electrical

properties of cell. Active electrical properties, Electrical model (equivalent) of

cell membrane. Types of biopotentials. Biopotential measurement instrument.

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1. Arthur Beiser : Perspectives of modern physics – (Mc Graw Hill)

2. Patel S.B. : Nuclear Physics an introduction – (New Age International)

3. White H.E. : Introduction to atomic spectra – (Mc Graw Hill)

4. Khandelwal P.P. : Text Book of optics and atomic physics – (Himalaya

Publishing House)

5. Ladish, Berk, Matsudara, Kaiser, Krieger, Zipursky, Darnel: Molecular

cell biology – (W.H. Freeman and Co.)

6. Cotrell: Biophysics –(Eastern Economy Edition)

7. Narayana P. : Clinical Biophysics – Principles and Techniques –

(Bhalani Pub. Mumbai.)

8. Pattabhi and Gautham : Biophysics – (Narosa Publishing House)

9. Nakara, Choudhari : Instrumentation measurements and analysis – (Tata

MC. Graw Hill)

10. R.S. Khandpur: Handbook of analytical instruments – (Tata Mc. Graw

Hill).

11. Upadhyay, Upadhyay and Nath: Biophysical Chemistry –– (Himalaya

Pub. House, Delhi)



COURSE TITLE: BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE: Bioanalytical technique, basically the sub-discpline of analytical

biochemistry deals with the quantitative measurements of biomolecules, organics,

inorganics, pollutants etc. concerning the life forms or the research being carried out.

It basically relies upon instruments based on the principles of physics. In this respect

this course deals with seeding basic understanding regarding major bioanalytical

techniques which can be made use of during the course of biotechnological

experimentation.

UN

IT-1

22 H

ou

rs Concepts of spectroscopy, Laws of photometry. Beer-Lambert‟s law, Principles

and applications of colorimetry. Visible and UV spectroscopy, ORD, CD, X-ray

diffraction, X-ray absorption and NMR. MASS Spectroscopy.

UN

IT-2

15 H

ou

rs

Principles and applications of paper, thin layer, ion exchange, affinity, gel

permeation, adsorption & partition chromatography. HPLC and FPLC, LC-MS

and GC-MS

UN

IT-3

16 H

ou

rs Principle of centrifugation, concepts of RCF, different types of instruments and

rotors, preparative, differential and density gradient centrifugation, analytical

ultra-centrifugation, determination of molecular weights and other applications,

sub-cellular fractionation.

UN

IT-4

22

Ho

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Principles of electrophoretic separation. Types of electrophoresis: paper,

cellulose, acetate/nitrate and gel., Pulse field gel electrophoresis. PAGE (SDS &

Naive). 2-D gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, electroblotting.

UN

IT-5

15 H

ou

rs Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, freeze fracture techniques,

specific staining of biological materials. Viscosity of macromolecules,

relationship with conformational changes.

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1. Friefelder. D. (1982) Physical Biochemistry, Application to

Biochemistry and

2. Griffiths, O. M. (1983). Techniques of Preparative, Zonal and

Continuous Flow Ultracentrifugation.

3. Molecular Biology, 2 nd ed. W.H. Freemen and Company, San

Fransisco.

4. Slater, R.J. (1990). Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach,

Oxford University Press, NewYork

5. William, B.L. and Wilson, K. (1986). A Biologist Guide to Principles

and Techniques Practical Biochemistry, 3 rd ed., Edward Arnold

Publisher, Baltimore, Maryland (USA).



COURSE TITLE: METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA:30

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this paper is to provide the students basic knowledge

about advanced molecular methods used in molecular biology.

UN

IT-1

18

Hou

rs DNA sequencing: Introduction & significance, Sanger‟s method of sequencing,

merits and demerits. Maxam & Gilbert method, merits & demerits. Automated

DNA sequencing, Pyro-sequencing, Sequencer, output of sequence information,

arranging the DNA sequence, shot gun and clone-contig method, role of marker

sequences, drafting sequence information and submission to DNA data bank.

UN

IT-2

18

Hou

rs

Probe Designing: introduction to nucleic acid probes, steps in probe designing,

probe designing software, probe labeling. Primer and primer designing: basic

concepts and steps. Chemical synthesis of DNA. Applications.

UN

IT-3

18

Ho

urs

DNA Fingerprinting: Introduction, Methods, RFLP, VNTRs, Role of PCR in

DNA fingerprinting, application of DNA fingerprinting. DNA-microarray,

Protein sequencing approaches, protein microarray and its applications

UN

IT-4

18

Hou

rs Protein engineering: Rational Methods of protein engineering, Methods and

approaches: directed Evolution and gene shuffling, random mutagenesis and

selection of engineered proteins, site specific mutagenesis: synthesis of complete

gene. Engineering by gene fusion. Applications of engineered proteins, Artificial

synthesis of short peptides and their uses.

UN

IT-5

18 H

ou

rs Chromatin – Heterochromatin, euchromatin. Histone and non-histone proteins,

general properties of histone, packing density, nucleosomes, size, variable

linkers, solenoid structure, packaging of DNA, satellite DNA. Genes –

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, pseudogenes, split genes, super gene family,

transposons, Cvalue paradox. Reassociation kinetics.

SU

GG

ES

TE

D

RE

AD

ING

S

1. Cell and Molecular Biology (1996) Gerald Karp.

2. Christoph W. Sensen , Essentials Of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Wiley-

VCH.

3. David Bowtell and Joseph Sambrook, DNA Microarrays, CSHL Press

4. Gene IX: Lewine Benjamin.

5. Microbial Genetics: David Fridflelder.

6. Molecular Biology of the Gene (1987) Watson J. D., Hopking N., Robast

J. and Steiz, J.

7. Molecular cell Biology (1999) Lodish, H., Baltimore, D., Berk, A,

Zipursky SL, Paul M and Darnell J.

8. The Biochemistry of the nucleic acid (1996) Adams et al



COURSE TITLE: MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY & TECHNOLOGY

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE: Microbes are the most diverse of all living creatures and play a very

significant role in our daily life. Microbes display a wide variety of biological activities

which can be used for the benefit of human and the environment. In this respect the

present paper aims to highlight few such activities and the technical options to exploit

them.

UN

IT-1

1o

Hou

rs Bacteriotoxins: Classification, structure and mode of action of bacterial toxins,

enterotoxins, endotoxins, exotoxins.

UN

IT-2

20

Ho

urs

Antibiotics: Detailed classification, Structure, Mode of action of penicillins,

cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, vancomycins, rifampin,

linezolid. Narrow and broad spectrum antibiotics, side effects, antibiotic

resistance mechanisms.

UN

IT-3

20

Ho

urs

Application of microbes in bioremediation of pollutions: Bioremediation of

hydrocarbons and xenobiotic compounds, In situ and ex-situ bioremediation.

PGPB, phosphate solubilising bacteria.

UN

IT-4

20 H

ou

rs Microbes as biocontrol agents microbial insecticides (Baculoviruses,

entomopathogenic fungi, Bacillus thurinigiensis Bacillus sphaericus Bacillus

popilae, Microbe derived inhibitors. Production of proteins and enzymes in

bacteria yeast and fungus, recombinant and synthetic vaccines.

UN

IT-5

20 H

ou

rs Biological nitrogen fixation and biofertilizers : classification of nitrogen fixing

bacteria, mechanism of nitrogen fixation. Biofertilizers: bacterial and fungal,

method of preparation, packaging and marketing,

storage and viability.

SU

GG

ES

TE

D

RE

AD

ING

S

1. Geofrey L. Zubay, William W. Passon, Dennis L. Vance, (1988),

Principles of Biochemistry, IV edition, W. M. C. Brown Publishers,

Australia

2. Griffiths, O. M. (1983). Techniques of Preparative, Zonal and

Continuous Flow Ultracentrifugation.

3. Michael Cox., David. L. Nelson, (2004) Lehninger, Principles of

Biochemistry,

4. Murray, R.K. A. Grannor, D.K. Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell V. W.

(2000) Harper’s Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

5. Slater, R.J. (1990). Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach,

Oxford University Press, NewYor

6. Sober, (2002), Handbook of Biochemistry selected Data for Molecular

Biology, II.Edition

7. Stryer.L. (2003) Biochemistry, V. Edition. W.H. Freeman & Co. NY

8. William, B.L. and Wilson, K. (1986). A Biologist Guide to Principles

and Techniques Practical Biochemistry, 3 rd ed., Edward Arnold

Publisher, Baltimore, Maryland (USA).