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Safe, Affordable Drinking Water for Rural India Rain Water Harvesting
May, 2010
Swati Vasudevan
Confidential 2
Rajasthani Women Walked Miles for
Hours to Fetch Water
More than 50% households make 3 or more trips to fetch
water in a day with each trip taking upto an hour **Source: Field surveys conducted during project
Confidential 3
In Summer, They Purchased Water in
Camel-carts
Confidential 4
Draughts Brought Them More Misery…
Confidential 5
They Went to Open Bawari, Wells or
Handpumps
Confidential 6
But the Water is Contaminated:
Fluoride in Ground Water or Microbial
*Source: Field surveys conducted during project
Chemical
83%
Bacteria
17%
Confidential 7
Government Implemented Aapni Yojna
And what is the guarantee of
source sustainability?
But to replicate it across the state,
Government needs Rs. 15000 Cr
and 15 years!
We Wanted to Make Her Life Different…
Confidential 9
..and Reduce the Drudgery of the
Future Generation!
Safe Water Network
Racing Towards Water Bankruptcy…
India: Worst hit by Water Crisis
Source: World Economic Forum report 2009 (University of New Hampshire, CIESIN Columbia University)
Year 2030
Rainwater Harvesting – An Imperative
Sep 2009
Source: Central Ground Water Authority; ISSRO
Per Capita Storage
6103
1964
753
3145
1110
219
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Russia Brazil USA China South
Africa
IndiaPer
Cap
ita S
tora
ge (
Cu
.m.)
Open pond
contamination
Ground water very deep & saline,
creating rain water as viable option
Why Rajasthan …
• Critical and recognized need of water solutions
• Limited reach at household level
• Microfinance an established practice for livelihood projects
Traditional Wells
Where in Rajasthan
March 2009
Safewaternetwork.org
RWH Pilot Project in Churu District Rajasthan
Confidential 15
Rain Water Harvesting – Overview
Community mobilization and construction
Quality assurance and policy white paper
Quality assurance, health impacts & policy
Microfinance funding product
Engineering & design
Objective
Develop and implement improved approaches to
rainwater harvesting through construction optimization,
quality assurance and new funding products for
sustainability and scale-up
Confidential 16
Rain Water Harvesting – Overview
Pilot project completed
Installed ~ 960 household and 40 community cisterns in 55 villages
Kunds to provide potable water to ~10,000 villagers
Completed construction and design improvements
Implemented financial product for households
Introduced quality assurance programMembers of household with newly
constructed kund
Safe Water Network site visit working on design improvements with partners
Community mobilization and construction
Quality assurance and policy white paper
Quality assurance, health impacts & policy
Microfinance funding product
Engineering & design
Confidential 17
Rain Water Harvesting – Overview
Longer-Term Objectives
Developing expansion proposition for scale-up
Engaging Government of Rajasthan through Water Resources Department
Strategic/Hydro geological assessment of harvesting and alternatives
Safe Water Network Funding
Rs. 3 Cr ($0.6 Million) grant for pilot implementation and optimization plan
Revolving fund Rs. 25 Lacs ($60k) for household funding product
Members of household with newly constructed kund
Safe Water Network site visit working on design improvements with partners
Community mobilization and construction
Quality assurance and policy white paper
Quality assurance, health impacts & policy
Microfinance funding product
Engineering & design
Initial Findings …
Annual Household ExpenditureSavings by Institutions
Source of Credit
Interest Rate per Month
Results of “Cash Flow Study”
Objectives
Field survey to assess economic status and paying potential
Development of a Micro Finance product for purchasing RWH kunds
(payback in 2 - 3 years; loan of Rs. 10,000 & Rs 15,000)
Confidential 20
Current Focus: Underground Tanks/Kunds
950 household tanks constructed
Confidential 21
Community Tank Rejuvenation
40 Community tanks completed
Confidential 22
Building Local Capability
142 local masons trained
Confidential 23
Rainwater Harvesting: Case Study
“This is a gift from heaven. I no longer need to carry water 5 hours each day and have more time to earn money”
- Below Poverty Line widow who purchased the cistern through a loan
Confidential 24
During Drought Years, Now The Villagers are
able to Purchase Water in Bulk in Tankers!
Confidential 25
Significant interest in affordable financial product to purchase a cistern:
•50% indicated desire to purchase for 300 rupees/month (5 yr note)
•Other 50% already have a cistern!
Field Observations - Example
Confidential 26
oCistern design improvements have been incorporated (IIT)
o Drought has limited the value of the design for “harvesting”
o Design may be suboptimal given prevalent uses: Storage from tanker truck delivery; mixed use of water (HH, kitchen garden, livestock)
Design Optimization
Inspection Chamber
1 ½ x1 ½ x2 ½
3/8
Thick B/Wall
Inlet Pipe 3”
dia
Outlet Pipe 3”
die
Stone Roofing40mm thick c.conc. 1:2:4
Hand pump
Steel Window 1 ½ x 1 ½
¾ Thick Roofing
9” Thick brick Wall in 1:5 mortar
Plaster in 1:4 mortar with
neat coat finish 3/8 thick
B/wall in 1:4 mortar
Brick Ballast 1:8:16
40 mm thick cement conc. 1:2:4Section
10 ½
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
5 ½ ft
5 ft
……………………………..………………………………………………
D=8’-00”
Neat Coat finish Plaster
9”Thick brick Wall in 1:4
mortar
Plaster in 1:4 Mortar
Highlights:
For HH Tanks: Application from Head of Family
For Community Tanks: Application from Sarpanch
Processes Compliance
27Bid Comparison ProcessApplication for Tank
Highlights:
Systematic approach
Meticulous recordkeeping
All Stakeholders Sign off
Construction Quality Control – Mason Training
28
Completion Certificate
Confidential 29
Rain Water Harvesting – Next Steps
Alternate models being evaluated for the next phase of expansion.
(i) water resource alternatives (e.g. tanker delivery, talaabs, check dams) &
(ii) consumption (e.g. drinking, household, livestock)
Tankers and Camel carts for fetching water in bulk for the
kunds
Baoris/ Talab (Open Lakes) as an alternate RWH storage system
Confidential 30
Could We Make a Difference to Their Life?
31
We wish to expand the network of partners to include you!
Confidential 32
Safe Water Network - Market Based Solutions
for Underserved Populations
A world in which market leaders make a sustained commitment to develop ground-breaking solutions that bring safe water to underserved populations.
Vision
Mission
To be an active catalyst and sector leader engaging partners in the development of sustainable, scalable market-based solutions that provide safe, affordable water for the world’s poor.
Confidential 33
www.safewaternetwork.org
10 Saugatuck Avenue Westport CT
(203) 341-8865
Board of Directors
Co-Chairs
Jack HennessyRetired Chairman & CEO Credit Suisse First Boston
Josh Weston Retired Chairman & CEO, Automatic Data Processing
Members
Robert ForresterPresident & CEO, Newman’s Own Foundation
Hank GreenbergChairman & CEO, C.V. Starr & Co, Inc.
Harold NewmanPartner, Neuberger Berman
Linda NordstromNorthstream Development
John WhiteheadFormer U.S. Deputy Secretary of State; Former Co-Chair;Goldman Sachs
Joanne Woodward-NewmanBoard Member, Newman’s Own Foundation
Market based solutions for underserved populations