Ms. Lynette T. Laroya

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Outline

I. Overview

II. Biophysical and Socio- Economic

Characteristics

III. Issues and Threats

IV. Governance

V. MPAS and Networks

VI. MPAS Management Effectiveness

Assessment

VII. Future Plans and Programs

Overview - The Philippines

A total of 7, 597 islands

Land area: about 300, 000 km2

Sea area: 2M km2

Coastline: 37,008 km

78% of the 80 provinces

and 832 (56%) of the 1,634 cities and municipalities, are located along its archipelagic coasts.

Almost 50 million dependent on its coastal and marine ecosystem

• Located at the apex of the Coral Triangle and is

acknowledged as the center of marine biodiversity

Biophysical Characteristics

Coral Reef Area: 26, 000 km2

500 of the 800+ known global coral

spp. ; 12 of which are endemic

Seagrass area: 978 km2

16 species of seagrass

Biophysical Characteristics Mangrove area: 2,472 km2

42 species of mangroves

2,500 coral reef fish spp.

25 marine mammal spp.

5 marine turtle spp.

Socioeconomic Features Population: 92.1M (2009)

60% of population live in the coastal areas

Coastal fishers are the poorest sector of the population earning at estimated PhP11,906 ($250) per capita per year

Fisheries sector provides employment to about 1 million people.

Fish as the principal source of protein

of the country’s population.

Socioeconomic Features Coastal tourism

Coral reefs, clean sandy beaches, crystal clear waters, and resorts that offer the classic attractions continue to draw tourists.

Accounts for 9.1% of the country’s GDP.

Domestic production of oil Holds an estimated 3.48 trillion cubic feet (Tcf ) of natural gas

reserves, most of which are found in the Malampaya gas field in Palawan.

Domestic and international shipping industry In 2009, the gross revenue of the Philippine Ports Authority

(PPA) reached PhP7.129 billion, an increase of more than PhP0.5 billion from 2008.

Issues and Threats

Industrial pollution

Cyanide Fishing

Overfishing

Siltation

Improper Waste disposal

Dynamite Fishing

Coastal development

Marine-based pollution

Ballast Water

Issues and Threats

High levels of threats

Overfishing

destructive fishing practices

Unsustainable coastal development

Sedimentation

Pollution

Increasing populations in coastal

areas are amplifying these threats,

compromising food security and the

socio-economic stability of the

communities.

Some Impacts of these Issues and

Threats

Poor coral cover increased to 40%;

only about 4% in excellent condition remains

Natural mangrove cover declined to 247,268 ha. from

400,000 ha. in 1920

30% - 50% of seagrass beds have been lost

in the last 50 years.

Governance 1987 Philippine Constitution - provides the basic policy and

legal framework for food security, livelihood and socioeconomic development; environment and natural resources conservation and development; and security, safety, maritime boundaries, and law enforcement.

Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act 7160)

– Devolution of basic powers to local government units on the management of the coastal resources within the 15 kmsmunicipal waters;

– designation and management of fish reserves, refuges and sanctuaries (About 1,620 locally managed MPAs established).

– include enactment of ordinances on law enforcement,imposition of license fees, charges and rentals, closedseasons.

Governance

Philippine Fisheries Code (RA 8550) – established and improved the organizational and institutional mechanisms for the fisheries sector.

National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 - laid the basis for biodiversity conservation including establishment and management of protected areas .

Executive Order (EO) 578 - established the national policy on biological diversity and prescribed its implementation throughout the country, particularly in the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME) and the Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor.

* MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool

Last updated: 09 Dec. 2010

Governance E.O. 533 - adopts the Integrated

Coastal Management (ICM) as a national strategy for the development of the country’s coastal and marine environment.

E.O. 797 (2009) – adoption of the CTI NPOA and established the coordinating mechanism for its implementation with the DENR and DA as Co-chairs and establishes the NCCC Secretariat.

Philippine Marine Protected Areas: 1,653 MPAsNIPAS (RA 7586) Locally-Managed MPAs (RA 7160)

Managed by PAMB Managed by LGUs

33 MPAs under NIPAS 1,620 locally managed MPAs

1.7 M total hectares 393, 994.46 total hectares

Benchmarked: Benchmarked:

9 largest MPAs; Total Area: 700, 018 ha (41% of 1.7M ha)

110 MPAs; Total Area: 29, 853 ha (8% of 394K ha)

3 out of 9 are effectively managed (333, 570 ha or 47%)

70 out of 110 are effectively managed (4, 305 ha or 14%)

• 40 alliances

• 270 cities and municipalities

• 484 existing MPAs; approx. 81,500 ha

• Varies in size (# & area), gov. arrangements, objectives

• Only 24% are active (meeting regularly)

MPA Networks Alliances /

Horigue et al. In review (contact: vera.horigue@my.jcu.edu.au)

MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment

MPA Management Effectiveness

Assessment Tool (MPA MEAT)

features parameters called thresholds that are deemed important in every level of management effectiveness.

MPA Management Effectiveness Criteria

Law Enforcement

Monitoring and Evaluation

Financing

Management Body

Management Plan

IEC

Legitimization

Community Participation

Site development

What is MEAT?

(MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool

A performance monitoring and evaluation tool for the MPAs

a management tool to help gauge MPA effectiveness

Highlights important threshold indicators and processes that help promote and achieve MPA management effectiveness outputs and outcomes.

uses simplified tools that will allow for the objective evaluation of MPAs

Why the Need for MPA Evaluation? The results may help to:

Change zoning plans to enable full protection of healthy coral reefs

Increase surveillance, enforcement, and management interventions

Identify areas of strong recruitment

Modify education programs and outreach about coral reef and fishery resources

Enhance public participation in management activities

Adaptive

Management

Awareness and

Support

Consolidation/

Database

Awards and

Recognition

• MPA Management Body

• Assisting Institutions (LGU, Academic Institutions, NGOs)

• Stakeholders, Constituents, Community/Public

• MPA Network

• NGOs

• LGUs

• National Government Agencies

• MSN

• Other Institutions providing Incentive System for MPAs

Who will use the results of MEAT?

Who

How to use the MPA MEAT?

How

Plans• MPA management

plans (drafts and/or final versions); amendments; addendums; revisions; with organizational chart

• Enforcement plan

• Annual Investment Plan (AIP) for NIPAS areas

• Financial / budget plans

• Latest Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Legislations

• Municipal / barangayordinances related to MPA / NIPAS

• Presidential Proclamations / Republic Act

• MPA / NIPAS Implementing Rules and Regulations

Reports• Biophysical

assessment reports including baseline surveys and list of local participants

• Socioeconomic survey reports

• Management reports related to the MPA / NIPAS marine area

• Audited financial reports detailing income and expenses for the MPAs / NIPAS marine areas

• Reports on MPA enterprises or sample of MPA merchandise

• Reports and communications between the Provincial Council and LGU or Executive Orders

• IEC Program reports and attendance sheets

• PCRA reports

• Performance Evaluation Reports

Enforcement

• Logbooks of Bantay Dagat/ Park rangers and violations monitoring logbook

• Results of prosecution hearings

• Court decisions on prosecuted cases related to the seascape or marine reserve

• Schedule of enforcement team

Minutes

•public hearings and consultations

•MPA management meeting / PAMB meetings

•PAMB resolutions

• IEC activities

IEC

• Leaflets/flyers on MPAs

• MPA/NIPAS billboard, posters, signages

• Video or other IEC materials

Infra

• Buoys demarcating the MPAs / NIPAS areas; maps showing boundaries

• Headquarters, guard house, etc.

• Patrol boats, communication facilities

Others• Copies of

certificates of participation / attendance on biophysical assessment trainings by the LGU/communities

• SCUBA diving certifications of monitoring team

• Attendance sheets / copies of certificates of participation in trainings/seminars

• Grant proposals submitted

• Documentation of incentives and programs

Pre-evaluation:Days before the evaluation, the MPA Manager is furnished a list of documents to prepare as means for verification of the 48 MPA management effectiveness criteria for the MEAT application. This will provide objective evaluation of the MPA management that is easily verifiable by anyone.

How to use the MPA MEAT?

How

Objectives of MPA MEAT1.Assess the level of effectiveness of

the MPA management and

governance in terms of enforcement,

implementation and maintenance

2.Assist the MPA managers assess their

strengths, weaknesses and hopefully

enhance their effectiveness through

improved strategies and interventions

MEAT and Guide

Questions

5-10 key members of the

management body

FGD A site visit should be conducted for questions that require ocular inspection of structures.

Site Visit Community

Perception Survey

20 respondents from the smallest

political unit where the MPA

is located

20 from the adjacent

communities

Survey

The examiner will be facilitating the discussion whilst going through the

guide questions and rating sheets together with representative members of

the management body of the assessed MPA.

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

MEAT and MPA Development

Sustained

Institutionalized

Strengthened

Level 1Established

1. Baseline assessment conducted

2.Management plan adopted 3.Legal instrument approved4.Management body formed

and roles clarified5.Budget allocated for at least

one year

1. Patrolling and surveillance conducted

2. Violations reported and violators apprehended

3. Violators penalized

1. Funds generated/accessed for last 2 years

2. Enforcement system fully operational

3. Performance monitoring of the management body conducted regularly

4. Regular participatory monitoring

5. Violators prosecuted and sanctioned

1.MPA/NIPAS management plan incorporated in broader development plans

2.Ecological and socioeconomic impact assessment conducted

3.Performance monitoring and evaluation linked to an incentive system

4.IEC sustained over five years

5.MPA/NIPAS financially self-sustaining

Year 1

Year 2

Year 5

Year 7

Input/ Outputs

Results/Impact

How to rate the MPA using MEAT?

How

MPA LEVEL

(based on minimum indicators)

# OF ITEMS

Achievable Points

MANAGEMENT STATUS

The scores are indicative thresholds that accumulate through time.

The levels below are indicative names used to

establish levels of performanceMinimum Score including

ThresholdsOverall Score

1 – Established[Yr 1+]

17 27 20 0-24 - Poor MPA is Established

2 – Strengthened [3 Yrs +]

9 15 11 25-39 - GoodMPA Management is Effectively Strengthened

3 – Sustained[5yrs +]

11 21 1640-61 – Very Good

MPA Management is Effectively Sustained

4 – Institutionalised [7 yrs +]

11 21 16 62-81 ExcellentMPA Management is Effectively Institutionalized

TOTAL 48 84 63

MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment

Areas Assessed (NIPAS Sites)

9 (27%) of 33

MPAS under

NIPAS

41% of the total

aggregate area of

MPAs in the

Philippines of

1,706,141

hectares

8 provinces

7 regions

MPA Management Assessment Summary of ResultsManagement Effectiveness Number

of MPAsTotal Area

Level 0 MPAs need to satisfy the

requirements of Level 1 3 16,147

Level 1 - MPA is Established 3 353,301

Level 2 - MPA is Strengthened 2 231,742

Level 3 - MPA is Effectively

Sustained 1 98,828

Level 4 - MPA is Effectively

Institutionalized 0

Total 9 700,018

33% of the

MPAs were

effectively

managed

47% of the total

area in hectares

of MPAs were

effectively

managed

MPA Assessment : Conclusions and RecommendationsFor Nationally Managed MPAs

Strengths of the MPAs benchmarked:

1)presence of legal instrument

2)engaging community participation in the establishment process, and

3)presence of management body

Mechanism for enhancing NIPAS Act Implementation

1)Formalization of LGU-DENR management arrangement of the NIPAS MPAs

2) Capacity building for the PAMB members on biodiversity conservation

3)Biophysical and socioeconomic assessments for monitoring of impacts of

management

4)GOP through the DENR to designate particular unit that will sustain the

monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the MPAs at least every

other year

Areas for improvement:

1)Monitoring and Evaluation

2)Sustainable Financing

3)Information, Education and Communication

programs

MPA Management Assessment :Immediate Next Steps

1. Build the capability of PAMB members and MPA workers, and partners through an institutionalized training program that includes:

a) basic orientation on the NIPAS and its various aspects;

b) policy development and implementation,

c) participatory governance, and conflict management/resolution;

d) project development and fund-raising;

e) management planning, budgeting, implementation and evaluation;

f) law enforcement.

2. Increase the number of MPA workers through partnerships with other NGAs. It is deemed that partnership with LGUs can flourish through sharing of powers, following the decentralization track.

MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment: Recommendations: Policy Development and Studies

Policy review for enhanced implementation of the NIPAS Act and other related policies

Develop national guidelines on Coral Reef and other Critical Habitats for Rehabilitation and Protection

Develop a guideline on Sustainable and Environmentally-Friendly snorkeling and scuba diving and other related ecotourism activities.

Future Plans and Programs

Implementation of the CTI NPOA (5 Goals)

Implementation of the Guidelines on Coral Reef Assessment and Rehabilitation

Develop and implement guidelines to enhance and strengthen coral reef management and protection

Institutionalize MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment, Database and Awards System

THANK YOU and MABUHAY !!