Mrs. Eggleston’s TCAP Review

Language Arts and Reading Quick facts

Types of Sentences

• 4 types of sentences are:

1. Declarative (statement)

2. Interrogative (question)

3. Exclamatory (excitement)

4. Imperative (command)

Remember sentences start with a capital letter & end with punctuation.

Subjects and PredicatesComplete subject & Predicate• The subject is who or what

the sentence is about.

• The dog barked all night long.

• The predicate tells what the subject did.

• The dog barked all night long.

Simple subject & predicate• The simple subject is just

one word that tells subject.

• The cat ran up a tree.

• The simple predicate just one word, the verb.

• The cat ran up a tree.

Nouns-a person place or thing

• Cat• Dog• State• Beach• Lake• River• Desk• Chair

Proper Nouns- Name a certain, place or thing• Dusty• Toven• Tennessee• Gulf Shores, Beach• Beech Lake• Tennessee River• Lexington• Nashville

Common nouns

PronounsTake the place of Regular Nouns

Singular- I, me and mineYour, yours and you’veHe,she,it, him and hers

PluralThey, we, us, ours, them

Subject- I, My, He, She, It, Your, They, We

Verbs

• Verbs are words that are action words.

• run• Jump• Catch• Fetch• climb

• Adverbs describe the verb, tells how the verb did. Most adverbs end in( ly)

• John quickly ran to the gym.

• Mrs. Brandy said to read books quietly.

• Hunter waited patiently to test on the computer.

Adjectives- describe a person place or thing

• The girl had on a red hat.

• The green frog hopped away.

• Nice• Mean• Ugly• Cute• Friendly• Tall• Short• funny

Contractions-combine words with an (‘) to make a shorter word

• Can + not = can’t• Should + not = shouldn’t• Would + not= wouldn’t• Have + not = haven’t• Did + not = didn’t• Do + not= don’t• Were + not = weren’t • Is + not= isn’t

• I am =I‘m• you are =you're• he is =he's• she is =she's• they will =they'll• she will =she'll

Facts and Opinions

• Facts can be proven or disproven

• Can look it up on the internet, book, article, etc.

• It rained over an inch last night. ( can you prove this?)

• Opinion is what someone thinks.

• Mrs. Karissa hair looks bad. ( can you prove this?)

Cause and effect• A cause is something that

makes something else happen

• CAUSE • The boy kicked the ball.

• The girl teased the cat.

• Sally studied hard for a test. • Joe became really tired.

• An effect is what happens as a result of the cause.

• EFFECT • The ball rolled down the

street.• The cat growled.

• Sally earned an A on her test.

• Joe went to sleep early.

Sequence of Eventsthe order in which the steps happen

• Look for signal words like first, next, last, before, after and finally to help you figure out the sequence.

• You can also use other word clues in the text or your own knowledge.

• Example:

• The Gainesville City Zoo just received its first three animals. The first animal it received was a deer. The second animal it received was a monkey. The third animal it received was a lion. Children in Gainesville are excited about the opening of the zoo!

Author’s purposewhy did the author write this?

• 3 purposes:• To inform- tells &

explains you something• To entertain- story

telling• To persuade- try to get

you to buy or do something. (advertising, opinions, etc.)

• Example why did the author write this?

• Everyone should have a pet. Pets are very loving and affectionate. They help children learn responsibility. Pets give you unconditional love. Having a pet is a wonderful experience.

Parts of a book• Spine- is the backbone of the

book.• Illustrator- person who draws the

pictures.• Cover- protects the pages of a

book.• Glossary- mini dictionary.• Table of Contents- list of chapters.• Author- person who writes the

book.• Copyright date- Date the book

was printed.• Publisher- Company that prints

the book.• Index- Alphabetical list of terms

with page # to find quickly.• Illustrations- another word for

pictures.

• The title page is the first page in

the book.

It tells you the title of the book, who wrote it (the author) and

who drew the pictures (the

illustrator). It also tells you who

published the book.

Parts of a book 2

• Glossary- like a small dictionary where you look up words

• Table of contents-Chapter list, title and page

number.

• Index- list of terms used in the book with the page number.

Types of References

• Dictionary- list of words, spelling, meaning and pronunciation.

• Encyclopedia- a book of facts on a certain topic or person.

• Atlas- a book of maps

• Almanac- a book of records, has moon phases, planting times, records facts, etc.

The INTERNET IS THE BEST REFRENCE THESE DAYS- website must be factual not trying to sell you something or someone’s opinion.

Main idea tells what a story is mostly about.

• The main idea of a paragraph tells the topic of the paragraph. The topic tells what all or most of the sentences are about.

• Usually found in the

first paragraph.

Main Idea 2

• The other sentences in the paragraph are called details. Details describe or explain the main idea.

• What is the main idea of the passage?

• Example:

• Soccer players learn many skills when playing soccer. Soccer players learn how to dribble and pass the ball. They also learn how to control the ball so they can eventually score. Most importantly, soccer players learn how to work together with their teammates.

Story Elements Setting- where the story takes place

Characters- people or animals in the story

Plot – what happens in the story. ( problem)

Climax- high exciting part of the story

Theme-what the story is trying to teach you.

Resolution- how they solved the problem

Types of Stories

• Nonfiction- a true story, with facts.

• the author is an expert on this information

• it IS TRUE!

• Fiction- a make believe story. can tell about things that could happen

• is read for fun • characters may be like

real people or imaginary

Story Genres:

1. Historical fiction is made up of stories that take place in a certain time and place in the past. Real historical figures and settings may be included in a fiction story

Sign of the Beaver

2. Realistic fiction is made up of stories that could really happen.

• Because of Winn Dixie• How to Eat Fried Worms• Shiloh• The Candy Corn Contest• Babysitter Club series

Genres: 2

3. Fairy Tale -Special beginning and/or ending words - Once upon a time...and they lived happily ever after.

• Good character • Evil character • Royalty and/or a castle usually

present • Magic happens • Problem and a Solution

• Cinderella• Magic Tree House series

• 4 Poetry -is verse written to inspire thoughts and feelings in the reader. It often uses rhyme and rhythm, or it can be written in free verse.

Genres: 3

• 5. A biography is the true story of a real person’s life from the past or present.

• 6. Folklore includes stories, myths, and fables that people told one another over the years.

• Later the stories were written down.

• Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People’s Ears

• Aesop’s Fables

Poems

• Poems are written in stanzas

• Not all poems Rhyme, but most have a beat.

• Usually about nature• Written to entertain

you.

Root/Base Words

• Root word/base word is what the foundation of the word is created from:

• We add suffixes and prefixes to change the word meaning.

• Look at the next pages for more samples.

• Agreement• Loudest• brighter

Suffixes• Come at the end of a

word to change the meaning.

• able, -ible capable of being

edible, presentable• -er, -or one who trainer, protector• -less without

endless

• -ful- full of something grateful, thoughtful

Prefixes

• Comes at the beginning of the word to change the meaning.

• Re- do again ( redo) (rewrite)

• Un- not ( undo) ( untie)• Dis- means not (dislike )• Pre- do before (preheat) (prevent) (prewrite)

Synonyms and Antonyms

• Synonyms mean the same

• Big- huge, large• Small –tiny• Hard- tough

• Antonyms mean the opposite

• Fat-skinny• Loud-soft• Fast –slow• Pretty – ugly• Hot – cold• Mean- nice.

Unravel Strategy (Use as your Guide for Success) UNRAVEL Unravel for Improving Reading Comprehension and Test Scores

U Underline the title. Read the title, get a clue to what the story is about, and make a connection.

N-Now predict what the passage is about (connect to the title)

R Read the questions first.Notice the important words. This helps you to know what you are trying to find out when reading. This also gives you many clues about the general idea of the story.

A-Are you circling the important words?This helps your eyes and brain focus on important ideas and also helps you to double check more quickly. Don’t circle too many words and don’t circle unimportant words. We will learn how to narrow our focus on this throughout the year.

V-Venture and read and underline answers.This means read through the text. As you find answers to your questions, underline or circle them. You can answer the questions as you read. Write the paragraph number next to the answers to help you double check your work.

E-Eliminate the wrong answers.Play trash and treasure with your multiple-choice answers. Take out the trash by marking through answers that don’t make sense in order to narrow down the best choices.

L-Let the questions be answered. Choose your answers. Don’t just let yourself, MAKE yourself double-double check your work. Reread your important words, go back and read what you underlined, ask yourself if your answer makes sense, and did you truly answer the question that was asked.

This is the difference between ok work and great work.

12 powerful words

• Trace- outline• Analyze- break apart• Infer- read between the lines• Evaluate- judge• Formulate- create• Describe- tell all about it• Support- back it up• Explain- tell me how• Summarize- short version• Compare- tell how they are alike• Contrast- how they are different• Predict- think about the future

Most test questions are built around these 12 words. If students can understand the question being asked, most of the time they can figure out the answer easily. We have a song that goes with these words. Ask you child to sing and do the movements. Music and song has shown to help students remember the information being presented and easily recalled from memory.

Correcting sentences will be a big focus on this test. Look for errors and practice

errors in writing. Like not capitalizing words,

If you will study this packet nightly, apply these concepts, think about what we have covered in class,

this test will be easy. There will be words and skills we have not covered, but you do not pick those because the

test will try to trick you. Pay attention to none of the above or all the above answer choices most of the time, that is you answer apply the unravvel system and your

12 powerful words ;)

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