Science 10 - Mr. Laura/ Ms. Reynolds Fleetwood Park Secondary

Name:_______________ Date:_______________ Block:____

Sc 10- Chapter 1: Biomes and ecosystems are divisions of the biosphere

- __________- (def’n)- thin layer of air, land, water on or near the earth’s surface in which all living things on Earth Exist

- The number of species on earth ranges from 3 to 100 million (currently estimated at 13 million)

What you will learn:

- Characteristics and distribution of biomes- Biotic and abiotic characteristics of biomes and ecosystems- Plant and animal adaptations to environmental conditions- Biotic interactions within populations and communities in ecosystems

Notes- Section 1.1 notes p. 8 to 19:

Biomes:

- One can study the biosphere by breaking it down into smaller divisions, such as: __________, __________, __________

- Biome: large regions that have similar __________components, such as similar plants and animals, and similar abiotic components, such as similar __________and amount of __________

- Every environment (example rainforests) has __________ (living) and __________ (non living ) components

o Examples: Biotic: __________, __________, __________, __________

They interact with each other and with the physical and chemical environment in which they live

Abiotic: __________, __________, __________, and __________

Question: could a biome have more than one type of ecosystem in it? More than one type of habitat?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question: Identify each of the following as either a biotic or an abiotic factor.

1. (a) crab _________________ (b) ocean temperature _________________

(c) lake water ______________ (d) dissolved oxygen _________________

(e) tides __________________ (f ) seaweed _________________

Biomes of the world:

- there are many aquatic biomes on the eartho they are essential for life as marine algae provide __________of the worlds oxygen

and take in huge amounts of carbon dioxideo also, evaporated seawater produces rainwater for life on land

- we will focus on 8 __________ (land based) biomes (also shown in your data booklet pg. 6)o boreal forest, desert, grassland, permanent ice, temperate deciduous forest,

temperate rain forest, tropical rainforest, tundra

activity 1-1 A-

1) study the distribution (where the different biomes are) on the map found on page 10/11.2) Describe two patterns that you see with regards to the location of the biomes.

Pattern #1: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Pattern #2

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Similar biomes can exist far apart.

2. Tropical rainforests are found near the equator and have temperatures of 20°C to 25°C year-round, receive about 250 cm of rainfall per year, have a dark forest floor that limits plant growth there, and have plants and animals that survive in warm, wet environments.

3. Hot deserts are found on every continent at about 30° north and south latitude and have hot days with cold nights; receive less than 25 cm of precipitation per year, have soil that is salty,

and have plants and animals that are able to live there because they can prevent water loss through their leaves or skin.

4. Permanent ice biomes are found near the poles and have very strong winds, receive less than 50 cm of precipitation a year, have very cold winter temperatures, and have plants that can tolerate drought and animals that have thick coats and fat layers for warmth.

Factors that Influence the Characteristics and distribution of Biomes:

- temperature and precipitation: o recall: climate and biogeoclimatic zones were influenced by temperature and

precipitation

o __________ (yearly) __________and __________ (rainfall, snow, mist, and fog are two of the most important ____________________that influence the __________of biomes and the __________of biomes on Earth

For example: a cactus would not survive in arctic and Antarctic; similarly lichen or moss, which grows in cool, damp places would not survive in the desert

o Fig. 1.6- shows the relationship between average annual precipitation and average annual temperature

- There are two other important abiotic factors that help account for the overlap in biomes: __________and __________

- Latitude: - the __________measured in degrees north or south from the equatoro The equator is given 0 o latitudeo Recall that the equator gets more direct sunlight than anywhere elseo Fig. 1.7- shows equator tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn

They separate the regions into __________, and __________zones

- Elevation :- the __________of a land mass above __________levelo Temperature changes occur because the atmosphere becomes __________at higher

elevations, and a thinner atmosphere retains less __________o Also effects precipitation patterns (recall rainshadow effect on mountains)

Windward side- receives lots of precipitation Leeward side- very dry, no precipitation

- Ocean Currents - also affect temperature and precipitation (For Example, El Nino/La Nina, Jetstreams)

Use the Precipitation and Temperature Graph on page 13 to answer the following questions:

1. (a) What is the highest average annual temperature that would be found in a grassland biome? ______

(b) What is the range (lowest and highest) of annual average temperatures for a temperate deciduous forest biome? Highest __________ Lowest __________

(c) What is the lowest average annual precipitation in a tropical rainforest biome? __________

(d) What is the range (lowest and highest) of annual average precipitation in a boreal

forest biome? Highest __________ Lowest __________

(e) What is the highest average annual precipitation and temperature in a desert biome?

Precipitation __________ Temperature __________

(f ) Which biomes can have both an annual average rainfall of less than 25 cm precipitation and a temperature below 0°C? ________________ ________________ ________________

Use the Biomes of the World map on page 6 of your Data Pages to answer questions 2 and 3.

2. Which factor, latitude or elevation, is likely more responsible for the locations of thepermanent ice biome? ________________

3. Which factor, latitude or precipitation, is likely more responsible for the locations of the desert biome? ________________