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Assignment 5: Applications of Gauss's LawDue: 8:00am on Wednesday, January 25, 2012 Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy. [Switch to Standard Assignment View]The Electric Field of a Ball of Uniform Charge DensityA solid ball of radius Part A has a uniform charge density .What is the magnitude of the electric field Hint A.1 Gauss's law Hint A.2 Find Express your answer in terms of , ANSWER: = Correctat a distance Hint not displayedfrom the ce
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Assignment 5: Applications of Gauss's Law
Due: 8:00am on Wednesday, January 25, 2012
Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy.
[Switch to Standard Assignment View]
The Electric Field of a Ball of Uniform Charge Density
A solid ball of radius has a uniform charge density .
Part A
What is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance from the center of the ball?
Hint A.1 Gauss's law
Hint not displayed
Hint A.2 Find
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in terms of , , , and .
ANSWER:
= Correct
Notice that this result is identical to that reached by applying Coulomb's law to a point charge centered at the
origin with . The field outside of a uniformly charged sphere does not depend on the size of the sphere,
only on its charge. A uniformly charged sphere generates an electric field as if all the charge were concentrated at
its center.
Part B
What is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance from the center of the ball?
Hint B.1 How does this situation compare to that of the field outside the ball?
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in terms of , , , and .
ANSWER:
= Correct
Part C
Let represent the electric field due to the charged ball throughout all of space. Which of the following
statements about the electric field are true?
Hint C.1 Plot the electric field
Hint not displayed
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
.
.
.
The maximum electric field occurs when .
The maximum electric field occurs when .
The maximum electric field occurs as
Correct
± The Charge on a Thundercloud
In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. Thus, the charge can be
considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. For the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be
a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. The point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that
this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches
the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. This breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized,
enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. The ionized air will then
emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. In
addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. These two phenomena account for
the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. Take the breakdown electric field of air to be
.
Part A
Estimate the total charge on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached.
Hint A.1 Use Gauss's law
Hint not displayed
Hint A.2 Evaluate Gauss's law
Hint not displayed
Express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using .
ANSWER:
=
83.4
Correct Coulombs
Problem 22.56
A slab of insulating material has thickness and is oriented so that its faces are parallel to the yz-plane and given
by the planes and . The y- and z-dimensions of the slab are very large compared to and may be
treated as essentially infinite. The slab has a uniform positive charge density .
Part A
Explain why the electric field due to the slab is zero at the center of the slab .
Essay answers are limited to about 500 words (3800 characters maximum, including spaces).
ANSWER: My Answer:
Part B
Using Gauss's law, find the magnitude of the electric field due to the slab at the points .
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and .
ANSWER:
= Correct
Part C
What is the direction of the electric field due to the slab at the points ?
ANSWER:
+x-direction
-x-direction
Correct
Part D
Using Gauss's law, find the magnitude of the electric field due to the slab at the points .
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and .
ANSWER:
= Correct
Part E
What is the direction of the electric field due to the slab at the points ?
ANSWER:
+x-direction
-x-direction
Correct
A Conducting Shell around a Conducting Rod
An infinitely long conducting cylindrical rod with a positive
charge per unit length is surrounded by a conducting cylindrical shell (which is also infinitely long) with a charge
per unit length of and radius , as shown in the figure.
Part A
What is , the radial component of the electric field between the rod and cylindrical shell as a function of the
distance from the axis of the cylindrical rod?
Hint A.1 The implications of symmetry
Hint not displayed
Hint A.2 Apply Gauss' law
Hint not displayed
Hint A.3 Find the charge inside the Gaussian surface
Hint not displayed
Hint A.4 Find the flux
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in terms of , , and , the permittivity of free space.
ANSWER:
= Correct
Part B
What is , the surface charge density (charge per unit area) on the inner surface of the conducting shell?
Hint B.1 Apply Gauss's law
Hint not displayed
Hint B.2 Find the charge contribution from the surface
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
What is , the surface charge density on the outside of the conducting shell? (Recall from the problem
statement that the conducting shell has a total charge per unit length given by .)
Hint C.1 What is the charge on the cylindrical shell?
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part D
What is the radial component of the electric field, , outside the shell?
Hint D.1 How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
Hint D.2 Find the charge within the Gaussian surface
Hint not displayed
Hint D.3 Find the flux in terms of the electric field
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
= Correct
The Electric Field and Surface Charge at a Conductor
Learning Goal: To understand the behavior of the electric field at the surface of a conductor, and its relationship
to surface charge on the conductor.
A conductor is placed in an external electrostatic field. The external field is uniform before the conductor is placed
within it. The conductor is completely isolated from any source of current or charge.
Part A
Which of the following describes the electric field inside this conductor?
ANSWER:
It is in the same direction as the original external field.
It is in the opposite direction from that of the original external field.
It has a direction determined entirely by the charge on its surface.
It is always zero.
Correct
The net electric field inside a conductor is always zero. If the net electric field were not zero, a current would
flow inside the conductor. This would build up charge on the exterior of the conductor. This charge would
oppose the field, ultimately (in a few nanoseconds for a metal) canceling the field to zero.
Part B
The charge density inside the conductor is:
ANSWER:
0
non-zero; but uniform
non-zero; non-uniform
infinite
Correct
You already know that there is a zero net electric field inside a conductor; therefore, if you surround any internal
point with a Gaussian surface, there will be no flux at any point on this surface, and hence the surface will
enclose zero net charge. This surface can be imagined around any point inside the conductor with the same result,
so the charge density must be zero everywhere inside the conductor. This argument breaks down at the surface of
the conductor, because in that case, part of the Gaussian surface must lie outside the conducting object, where
there is an electric field.
Part C
Assume that at some point just outside the surface of the conductor, the electric field has magnitude and is
directed toward the surface of the conductor. What is the charge density on the surface of the conductor at that
point?
Hint C.1 How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
Hint C.2 Calculate the flux through the top of the cylinder
Hint not displayed
Hint C.3 Calculate the flux through the bottom of the box
Hint not displayed
Hint C.4 What is the charge inside the Gaussian surface?
Hint not displayed
Hint C.5 Apply Gauss's law
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in terms of and .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
The Charge Inside a Conductor
A spherical cavity is hollowed out of the interior of a neutral
conducting sphere. At the center of the cavity is a point charge, of positive charge .
Part A
What is the total surface charge on the interior surface of the conductor (i.e., on the wall of the cavity)?
Hint A.1 Gauss's law and properties of conductors
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part B
What is the total surface charge on the exterior surface of the conductor?
Hint B.1 Properties of the conductor
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
What is the magnitude of the electric field inside the cavity as a function of the distance from the point
charge? Let , as usual, denote .
Hint C.1 How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
Hint C.2 Charge distributions and finding the electric field
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
0
Correct
Part D
What is the electric field outside the conductor?
Hint D.1 How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
Hint D.2 The distribution of
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
zero
the same as the field produced by a point charge located at the center of the sphere
the same as the field produced by a point charge located at the position of the charge in the
cavity
Correct
Now a second charge, , is brought near the outside of the conductor. Which of the following quantities would
change?
Part E
The total surface charge on the wall of the cavity, :
Hint E.1 Canceling the field due to the charge
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
would change
would not change
Correct
Part F
The total surface charge on the exterior of the conductor, :
Hint F.1 Canceling the field due to the charge
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
would change
would not change
Correct
Part G
The electric field within the cavity, :
ANSWER:
would change
would not change
Correct
Part H
The electric field outside the conductor, :
ANSWER:
would change
would not change
Correct
Charge Distribution on a Conductor with a Cavity
A positive charge is brought close to a fixed neutral conductor that has a cavity. The cavity is neutral; that is, there
is no net charge inside the cavity.
Part A
Which of the figures best represents the charge distribution on the inner and outer walls of the conductor?
Hint A.1 Conductors have no internal field
Hint not displayed
Hint A.2 Charges on the cavity walls
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
1
2
3
Correct
Problem 22.58
A nonuniform, but spherically symmetric, distribution of charge has a charge density given as follows:
for
for
where is a positive constant.
Part A
Find the total charge contained in the charge distribution.
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and appropriate constants.
ANSWER:
=
0
Correct
Part B
Obtain an expression for the electric field in the region .
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and appropriate constants.
ANSWER:
= 0
Correct
Part C
Obtain an expression for the electric field in the region .
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and appropriate constants.
ANSWER:
= Correct
Part D
Find the value of at which the electric field is maximum.
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and appropriate constants.
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part E
Find the value of that maximum field.
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and appropriate constants.
ANSWER:
= Correct
Problem 22.62
A very long, solid insulating cylinder with radius has a cylindrical hole with radius bored along its entire
length. The axis of the hole is a distance from the axis of the cylinder, where
. The solid material of the cylinder has a uniform volume charge
density .
Part A
Find the magnitude and direction of the electric field inside the hole.
Express your answer in terms of the variables , , , and .
ANSWER:
= Correct