Plan de Formación (40h)Plan de Formación (40h)

Brussels, 16 September 2013

OPTIMISM - Optimising Passenger Transport Information to Materialize Insights for Sustainable Mobility

Moving towards the livable cityof the future

Francesc RobustéCENIT - BarcelonaTech

2Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

Sustainable, safe and efficient urban mobility (“intelligent”? If it’s cost/efficient)

• Seamless door-to-door mobility• “City” is a generic concept• Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation• Promote and disseminate/share best cases

Common mobility principles for European

cities

World map where distance = $cost

Economic corridors: distortion of physical territory

Economic territory

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• Democratization of the street

• Human / convivial cities• Diversity• Integration• Systems approach• Technology (when is

useful)• Wifi = one more utility• Still basic constraints:

water, energy, emissions, health, safety and security, etc.

European cities as a social project of integration

Integration: a social project

Ildefons Cerdà“Network

Urbanism”

Old concepts New conceptsFunctionalism SustainabilityDiffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact citySpecialization of land uses Multifunctional cityDirect costs of operation Ecological accountingPendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobilityRequired (household-based) mobility Daily mobilityTransport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibilityLong distance ProximityLongitudinal use of the street Cross-street use

Mutation in urban mobility

• Infrastructures services• Objects processes• Static dynamic• Recurrence (commuter, HBM) singularity• Event common

“The city of the future…”is the Mediterranean city!

4Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

What’s the future of urban mobility?

What will probably be NOT the future….

Europe, quo vadis?

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European cities for the people

WALK

TRANSIT

CAR

Livable, convivial and efficient cities

Collective taxicabs and microbuses

Carsharing and shared vehicles

Unmanned vehicles

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ICT is strategic for Europe, but just operational in mobilityWe move atoms with energy, electrons and photons

Bangemann Report “Europe and the global

information society” (Corfu, 1994)

% system imple-

menta-tion

Time

Strategic

Operational

Tactical

Civil Industrial ICT

ITS, smart cities… but do we have brains?

time

Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas

”The end of distance”. 10 million teleworks in 2000

= ?

= ?

7Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

Oops! Forgot the stakeholders’ behavior!Administration, operators, users, citizens

HOVN-VI

Madrid

Behavioral, economic and operational issues

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Re-engineering and systems approachNo epic/bold changes? Re-engineering is radikal!

• Innovation is doing things “right”• Intelligence ITS = R+D+i, multidisciplinary cross-fertilization• Known concepts (functional laws, Economy principles) with “new

chemistry” (reactives + catalyzers) & boosted with ICT and intelligence

• Towards a functional & multi-stakeholder approach to urban mobility

Re-enginering urban mobility

9Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

Mode promiscuity and convergence (1)

pedestrian

bicycle car motorcycle taxi bus

LRT metro commuterrail

Eco-mobility PV Transit

Rail

shared / public

“BiCiNg”carsharing

BRT

HOV

The extreme converge

Barcelona, 2008

São Paulo, 2007

LGBT city

10Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

Personalization vs “coolness”

Montpellier

Lyon

Dublin

ParisCan mobility define us?

Barcelona

“Cool!” danger:

TOTO: human biogas

11Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

Mode promiscuity and convergence (2)

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Mode promiscuity and convergence (3)

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Economic principles (1)

Bus Tramway

Metro PV

Demand

AC

Demand

AC

MCTC AC PT

AC PC

€/q(PT) €/q(PC)

q(PC)q(PT)

D to CBD

Land priceTr. cost

Business Poor Rich

14Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

Economic principles (2)Arthur C. Pigou (1912)

Social equilibrium

flow

Current equilibrium

Flow (veh/h)

Marginal income

(demand)

Marginal (social) cost

Average cost (users)

Tax

Effect

Unit cost

(€/km)

William S. Vickrey (1969)Nobel Prize Economics 1996

Principles of Efficient Congestion Pricing

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Economic principles (3)

Singapur (1975) London (2003) Stockholm (2006) Milano (2008)

Carlos F. Daganzo (1995)

0Restrictions

Pricing 1Mix

Bogotá (1998)

16Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

Public transport interchanges and “city hubs”Parking regulation and pricing

Road pricingTraffic restricted areas

Boosting bicycles and walkingMore quality in public transport

Flexible supply to fit demandLogistic platforms for loading and unloading

Tele-workingCarsharing centers

Etc.

Recipes for Sustainable Urban Mobility…

… and “real” planning as opposed to “false” planning:

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ConcentrationDensity

Self-restraintAnisotropy

Functional designFlows and urban services

Networks

City planning and economic territory

Pedestrian “islands”: they “work” when the economic flow is maintained (exchange of car flow by people flow to

maintain the money flow)

Integration vs seggregationThe city as a “large building” converges

towards “zoning”.... Ildefons Cerdà´s Eixample in Barcelona

= social integration project

City planning

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Eco-mobility

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Netbus : Reinvention and promotion of efficient bus services, competitive with tramways, cars and even metro

• Strategic vs. operational decisions

• Flexibility of buses vs. rigidity of railways

• Energy: hybrid, gas, KAIST, etc.

NB

Public Transport - Transit NB B b T M R t

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• Managed lanes

• Traffic congestion regulation

• Congestion pricing• Emissions (CO2, PM, NOx)• Urban safety

“Cities can regulate congestion with traffic lights

of the XXI century”

“Ring roads and roundabouts can reach gridlock state

independently of the flow”

“A Pareto optimal policy is a mix of charging and rationing”

Value pricing (Pigou, Vickrey)

Speed has a price (economic, social,

environmental)

Traffic

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European Parliament: Future?

22Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013

What will likely be In and Out in European cities (2050 scenario)

• IN− Pedestrians− Bicycles, eBicycles, eBikes− Buses, netbus, proximity bus− eCars, eFreight distribution− Carpool and shared vehicles− Managed lanes, VVI, IVI,

unmanned driving− Pricing and fare integration− Planning, land price,

legislation, governance…− Elderly, handicapped & MRP− Urban safety

• OUT− Segways− Kickbicycles, tricycles− Motorcycles with 3 wheels− Lean cars− PRT, AGT, monorails− Tramways (electric BRTs)− Trolley buses− Paratransit with buses− AMW moving walkways− Freight in tramways/ metros− Speed

“In” and “Outs” for the future

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“Barcelona model” of mobility: Safety Sustainability Social equity Efficiency Agreement (deal) and social consensus Metropolitan perspective

Conclusions (1)

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• “Package of soft management measures” in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to hard physical infrastructures of “technology driven innovations”

• Service management (TSM) and shared vehicles and infrastructures

• Re-engineering of current mobility services (netbus, MFD, etc.)• Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior: the livable and

convivial city (social “deal” and consensus)• Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes• Emissions and energy issues will improve but urban safety and

congestion will remain• Major concerns and constraints remain about water, energy and

climate change• Need “functional” laws and governance in mobility• European policy and guidelines regardless of subsidiarity

Conclusions (2)

Plan de Formación (40h)Plan de Formación (40h)

Brussels, 16 September 2013

OPTIMISM - Optimising Passenger Transport Information to Materialize Insights for Sustainable Mobilityf.robuste@upc.edu+34 93 4017104

Francesc Robusté

Moving towards the livable city of the future

Director of CENIT (Center for Innovation in Transport, Barcelona) and Professor of Transportation at BarcelonaTech. President of the Spanish

Transportation Engineering Association. Expert of World Bank, UN-Habitat, OECD-JTRC, etc. Has SCI publications in Transportation Science, Transportation Research A, B, C, and E, Transportmetrica, IEEE

Transactions on ITS, Journal of Tr. Eng., Tr. Res. Record, etc.