MOUNTAIN STATE WATER L · Fundamentals Of Leak Detection There are several benefits of proactive leak detection. By Michael Hersman, Circuit Rider. 6 MOUNTAIN STATE WATER LINE. MOUNTAIN

MOUNTAIN STATE

WATER LINEA Publication of the West Virginia Rural Water Association

Winter 2011

In This Issue How Much Is Too Much? Pipe Patching With West Virginia Rural Water Safeguards And Deterrents Against Embezzlement

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MOUNTAIN STATE WATER LINE 1

Winter 2011

BOARD OF DIRECTORSPRESIDEnTAlan Haught, Region III

VICE-PRESIDEnTCurtis Keller, Region II

SECRETARy-TREASuRERTodd Grinstead, Region III

MEMBERSRon Brill, Region IDouglas Smith, Region IWayne Oates, Region IIBonnie Serrett, Region IVTom Landis, Region IVDina Foster, Region VJohn Huddleston, Region VPorter Robertson, Region VIGeorge Sparks, Region VIMichael McNulty, National Director

STAFFDebbie Britt, Executive DirectorLew Baker, FSA Source WaterLamar Godbey, EPA Training SpecialistMike Dill, Wastewater TrainerLamar Godbey, Information SpecialistDreama Hammonds, ReceptionistMike Hersman, Circuit RiderMary Hutson, HELP Training SpecialistErica Johnson, EPA Source WaterJim Johnson, Wastewater Technician Matthew Lamp, Circuit RiderJanie Witt, Bookkeeper

Mountain State Water Line is published by:WVRWA, 100 Young Street,Scott Depot, WV 25560Phone: (304) 201-1689 1-800-339-4513Fax: (304) 201-1694 http://www.wvrwa.org

West Virginia Rural Water Association is a non-profit organization of rural and small publicly owned water and wastewater systems. Our goal is to enhance the lives of West Virginians. Our efforts to achieve this goal are focused on providing training and technical assistance to the managers and operators of systems. We work with other non-profit organizations in representing the interests of public water and wastewater systems at both the local and national levels.

WVRWA is affiliated with the National Rural Water Association.

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President’s Message – City of St. Marys Grand Opening Celebration

Fundamentals of Leak Detection

How Much Is Too Much?

Training Calendar – January, February, March 2012

Sedimentation

Substantial Implementation of Source Water Protection

What Is The Issue?

new On-Site Training Opportunities With Continuing Education Hours

Pipe Patching With West Virginia Rural Water

WV In The news!

Eureka! – I Have Found It And The Effects It Has On your System Are

Substantial

Being Proactive – How Wells And Pumps Paid For A Generator

Safeguards And Deterrents Against Embezzlement

Grant Writing 101

Accountability – How Metering Plays The Big Part

Source Water Monitoring For Bromide

Repairing Water Leaks In A Timely Manner

Roles And Responsibilities Of District Employees

Shoring

Online Backups: What you need To Know

Membership Listings

Cathedral Falls, Gauley Bridge WVPhoto by: Kathy Gallagher

2 MOUNTAIN STATE WATER LINE

President’s MessageCity of St. Marys

Grand Opening Celebration

By Alan Haught, WVRWA President

n October 27, 2011, I had the pleasure of attending the

City of St. Marys Grand Opening Celebration of their new Wastewa-ter Treatment Plant. After approx-imately seven years of planning, designing and taking care of other infrastructure improvements to accommodate the new treatment plant, it has finally happened.

Having worked on many of these projects myself, I know how gratifying it is to finally ac-complish the objective. The work that goes into this type of project is unbelievable. From the initial idea, through all the different pos-sible scenarios and designs and until the final product emerges, it takes literally years of time from dedicated public servants such

as Mayor Paul Ingram, the City Council and the City employees.

Funding for a project, such as this, can sometimes take longer than any other phase of it. In St. Marys case, they had their plan-ning and design in place and their project quickly became a “shovel ready” project, which made it eligible for ARRA (stimu-lus) grant money in the amount of $2,067,000. The remaining $3,058,000 came from a WVDEP State Revolving low interest loan.

Once the path is selected, the hard part starts and that is in con-vincing the citizens of the neces-sity and importance of building the improvements to the infra-structure and justifying the rate increases to their monthly bills.

O The new wastewater treatment plant at St. Marys keeps them in compliance with the Department of Environmental Protection reg-ulations for several years to come. It also makes St. Marys a more at-tractive place for businesses and developments to locate. Mayor Ingram and his administration are to be applauded for their efforts.

The pride that was evident, on that day, by the St. Marys citi-zens, the City administration and the City employees, especially Joanne Yoho, the plant operator, made the rainy day worthwhile. West Virginia Rural Water Asso-ciation applauds the City of St. Marys on this impressive mile-stone to their customers and to their community!

St. Marys Mayor Paul Ingram on left and New City Manager Rick Phillips.

L to R: J.B. Phillips, Councilman; Mike Hen-dricks, Councilman; Rick McCullough, Council-man; Paul Ingram, Mayor; Senator Donna Boley; Rick Phillips, City Manager; Vic Wilford, S&S Engi-neers; John Cleveland, Ameritcon and Bill Israel, Councilman.


The Publisher reserves the right to reject or edit any manuscripts received for publication. Statements of fact and opinion are the responsibility of the authors alone and do not imply an opinion on the part of the West Virginia Rural Water Association.WVRWA has the right to reject any advertising deemed unsuitable for the West Virginia Rural Water Association publication. Acceptance of advertising by the West Virginia Rural Water Association does not constitute endorsement of the advertiser, its products or services, nor does West Virginia Rural Water Association magazine make any claims or guarantees as to the accuracy or validity of the advertiser’s offer.

WWW.WVRWA.ORG

LARRY FOUGHTP.O. Box 490, Ravenswood, West Virginia 26164

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BOND FINANCINGSamme L. Gee (304) 340-1318Taunja Willis-Miller (304) 260-4945Franki L. Parsons (304) 340-1283

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERSDavid M. Flannery (304) 340-1017

PUBLIC UTILITIESPhilip Melick (304) 340-1289

MUNICIPAL LAWTeresa W. Helmick (304) 340-1094Jeff C.Woods (304) 340-1347

CONSTRUCTIONJames R. Snyder (304) 340-1290

Jackson Kelly has a wide range of legalexperience providing responsive servicesto local government agencies.

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ponents in the distribution system. Global positioning systems (GPS) are being used by many water utili-ties to automatically register or lo-cate system components within the system through the use of satellite positioning. GPS is user-friendly and data can be downloaded into a GIS database. If a water utility lacks reliable system maps, or intends to make a major upgrade, GIS is a very well-recommended tool.

There are many different types of leaks that occur in distribution systems. A crack in the pipe usu-ally results from pipe deterioration or ground movement. The quality of leak noise depends on factors such as pressure and type of pipe material, but it usually is distinct and of high audible frequency. Pinhole leaks are small and are usually caused by cor-rosion or stress by stones after poor backfill procedure during installa-tion. The quality of leak noise var-ies depending on the pressure, pipe material, and backfill, but is usually distinct and of high audible frequen-cy. Seepage leaks are extremely difficult to locate as leak noise is

he practices that water utili-ties utilize to become aware

of leaks in their distribution system can be categorized as occurring in one of the two operational modes: proactive leak detection and reac-tive leak detection. Proactive or active leak detection is the method in which a water utility uses its re-sources and equipment in order to actively detect leaks that are cur-rently running undetected. There are several benefits of proactive leak detection. It reduces the pro-duction cost to treat and deliver the water, aids in preventing damage to infrastructure, and reduces the li-ability to the utility. Proactive leak detection has a positive impact on the public perception of the water utility. Reactive leak detection is the mode practiced by most water utili-ties. Reactive leak detection means responding to leaks only when they are brought to the attention of the water utility, typically when they become visible on the surface or they are causing a drop in pressure to a customer.

A major fundamental of doing leak detection is mapping. Utilities need to ensure that the maps and plans of the system and its compo-nents are as accurate and current as possible. A utility that has up-to-date maps and plans enhance the efficiency of locating critical com-

T minimal. Losses caused by seepage can be minimized by use of pres-sure reduction and/or infrastructure replacement. Leakage can also oc-cur on packing glands of pumps and valves, pipe joints, service connec-tions, fire hydrants and air valves.

There are many leak detection tools and techniques that can be em-ployed by a utility. The most basic form of leak detection is the visual survey. Walking the lines look-ing for leaks which appear above ground or during times of drought area that have suspicious green growth patches is a good example. While the visual survey is not the most sophisticated technique, it should not be underestimated. More sophisticated techniques are the use of acoustic and logger methods for locating leaks. These tools require some training for the operator to be-come familiar with this equipment.

In closing, this article was intend-ed to provide guidance on effective methods and technologies to control water distribution system leakage. A variety of methods can be con-sidered in developing the leakage management strategy. Each distri-bution system is unique and should be evaluated before a commitment is made to one method or approach. However, without active leak detec-tion, leakage in a water distribution system will only become worse.

Fundamentals Of Leak Detection

There are several benefits of proactive leak detection.

By Michael Hersman, Circuit Rider



Return to:

WEST VIRGINIA WATER ASSOCIATION

100 Young Street

Scott Depot, West Virginia 25560

or call: (304) 201-1689

www.wvrwa.org


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ness. Do you have the capabilities or the equipment to troubleshoot a malfunctioning printed circuit? If not, leave it to those that have been educated or properly trained.

Several months ago, I heard this question “Is there too much train-ing? Simple answer is “I dun kno”. Perhaps we are getting to the point of quality versus quantity. Train-ing for the sake of training. A home study correspondence course is not recommended for an aspiring brain surgeon. I have a saying of right tool for the job. This applies to training. What are the actual needs versus the wants? What are the right tools we need to perform our jobs with competence and accura-cy? Learning styles vary with the individual. The so called experts

hould training be required, mandatory for continuing

certification? I have heard “I am spending too much time in class and not enough on the job”. The

answer may not be as simple as you think. Many times a lack of knowledge or not properly educated on a particular

subject may have unintended con-sequences. There is an obvious downside to the uneducated or not properly trained personnel deter-mining and applying chemical dos-ages. Learning to drive from the backseat does not work out very well. You first learned to crawl, then walk and then run.

Years ago, having mechanical ability was mandatory, now com-puters are also part of the operators’ toolbox. Changing times require changing aptitudes or adding ad-ditional skills. Using your budget sometimes is the smartest thing. Technological advances have brought circuit boards and other electronic wonders to our busi-

W say the adult learner is the hardest group to educate for many reasons. Most operators are: touch it, play with it and I will figure it out. Sit-ting in a classroom and listening to a lecture may not be your style. Whether it is the first time or many times that you have attended class, you should always learn some-thing. Perhaps it is a discussion with a fellow operator that is the real learning part of the training.

In my opinion, training is an ex-change of ideas. By that, I mean the attendee shares his ideas with the training provider so that both can learn. No one knows everything, those that say I know everything is fooling himself.

Those of you who attend our WVRWA trainings have heard this before “tell us what you want”.

Be specific. This is what I call class participation. You can email, fax or carrier pigeon to us your needs to do your job with com-petence and accuracy. I will close with this:

Show me and I will see! Tell me and I will hear! InVOLVE me and I will LEARn!

How Much Is Too Much?

By Mike Dill, Wastewater Trainer

Learning styles vary with the individual.

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Need library materials or instructional aids, visit the WVRWA website at:

www.wvrwa.org



Sedimentation

By Mary Hutson, H.E.L.P. Training Specialist

edimentation, or clarification, is the processes of letting sus-

pended material settle by gravity. Suspended material may be parti-cles, such as clay or silts, originally present in the source water. More commonly, suspended material or floc is created from material in the water and the chemical used in co-agulation or in other treatment pro-cesses, such as lime softening.

Sedimentation is accomplished by decreasing the velocity of the water being treated to a point below which the particles will no longer remain in suspension. When the ve-locity no longer supports the trans-port of the particles, gravity will re-move them from the flow.

Factors Affecting Sedimenta-tion

Several factors affect the separa-tion of settleable solids from water. Some of the more common types of factors to consider are:

Particle Size The size and type of particles to

be removed have a significant effect on the operation of the sedimenta-tion tank. Because of their density, sand or silt can be removed very easily. The velocity of the water-flow channel can be slowed to less than one foot per second and most of the gravel and grit will be removed by simple gravitational forces. In contrast, colloidal material, small particles that stay in suspension and make the water seem cloudy, will not settle until the material is coagu-lated and flocculated by the addition

S of a chemical, such as an iron salt or aluminum sulfate.

The shape of the particle also af-fects its settling characteristics. A round particle, for example, will settle much more readily than a particle that has ragged or irregular edges.

All particles tend to have a slight electrical charge. Particles with the same charge tend to repel each other. This repelling action keeps the particles from congregating into flocs and settling.

Water Temperature Another factor to consider in the

operation of a sedimentation basin is the temperature of the water be-ing treated. When the temperature decreases, the rate of settling be-comes slower. The result is that as the water cools, the detention time in the sedimentation tanks must increase. As the temperature de-creases, the operator must make changes to the coagulant dosage to compensate for the decreased set-tling rate. In most cases temperature does not have a significant effect on treatment. A water treatment plant has the highest flow demand in the summer when the temperatures are the highest and the settling rates the best. When the water is colder, the flow in the plant is at its lowest and, in most cases; the detention time in the plant is increased so the floc has time to settle out in the sedimenta-tion basins.

CurrentsSeveral types of water currents

may occur in the sedimentation ba-sin: l Density currents caused by

the weight of the solids in the tank, the concentration of solids and temperature of the water in the tank.

l Eddy currents produced by the flow of the water coming into the tank and leaving the tank.

The currents can be beneficial in that they promote flocculation of the particles. However, water cur-rents also tend to distribute the floc unevenly throughout the tank; as a result, it does not settle out at an even rate.

Some of the water current prob-lems can be reduced by the proper design of the tank. Installation of baffles helps prevent currents from short circuiting the tank.

Sedimentation Basin Zones Under ideal conditions, the sedi-

mentation tank would be filled with the water that has been coagulated, and the floc would be allowed to settle before any additional water is added. That is not possible for most types of water treatment plants.

Most sedimentation tanks are di-vided into these separate zones:

Inlet zone The inlet or influent zone

should provide a smooth transi-tion from the flocculation zone and should distribute the flow uniformly across the inlet to the tank. The normal design in-cludes baffles that gently spread


the flow across the total inlet of the tank and prevent short circuiting in the tank. (Short circuiting is the term used for a situation in which part of the influent water exits the tank too quickly, sometimes by flow-ing across the top or along the bottom of the tank.) The baffle could include a wall across the inlet, perforated with holes across the width of the tank.

Settling Zone The settling zone is the larg-

est portion of the sedimentation basin. This zone provides the calm area necessary for the sus-pended particles to settle. 50% should settle

Sludge Zone The sludge zone, located at

the bottom of the tank, provides a storage area for the sludge be-fore it is removed for additional treatment or disposal.

Basin inlets should be designed to minimize high flow velocities near the bottom of the tank. If high flow velocities are allowed to enter the sludge zone, the sludge could be swept up and out of the tank. Sludge is removed for further treat-ment from the sludge zone by scrap-er or vacuum devices which move along the bottom.

Outlet Zone The basin outlet zone or launder

should provide a smooth transition from the sedimentation zone to the outlet from the tank. This area of the tank also controls the depth of water in the basin. Weirs set at the end of the tank control the overflow rate and prevent the solids from rising to the weirs and leaving the tank before they settle out. The tank needs enough weir length to control the overflow rate, which should not exceed 20,000 gallons per day per foot of weir.

Selection of Basin There are many sedimentation

basin shapes. They can be rectan-gular, circular, and square.

Rectangular Basins Rectangular basins are common-

ly found in large-scale water treat-ment plants. Rectangular tanks are popular as they tend to have:

l High tolerance to shock overload;

l Predictable performance;l Cost effectiveness due to

lower construction cost;l Lower maintenance; and,l Minimal short circuiting.

Circular and Square Basins Circular basins are frequently re-

ferred to as clarifiers. These basins share some of the performance ad-vantages of the rectangular basins, but are generally more prone to short circuiting and particle remov-al problems. For square tanks the

design engineer must be certain that some type of sludge removal equip-ment for the corners is installed.

High Rate SettlersHigh rate tube settlers are de-

signed to improve the characteris-tics of the rectangular basin and to increase flow through the tank. The tube settlers consist of a series of tubes that are installed at a 60 degree angle to the surface of the tank. The flow is directed up through the set-tlers. Particle has a tendency to flow at an angle different than the water and to contact the tube at some point before reaching the top of the tube. After particles have been removed from the flow and collected on the tubes, they tend to slide down the tube and back into the sludge zone.

Solids Contact unitsA solids contact unit combines

the coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation basin in one unit. These units are also called upflow clarifiers or sludge-blanket clarifi-ers. The solids contact unit is used primarily in the lime-soda ash pro-cess to settle out the floc formed during water softening. Flow is usu-ally in an upward direction through a sludge blanket or slurry of floccu-lated suspended solids. The volume of the sludge blanket is dependent upon the efficiency of the removal of turbidity and must be measured on a regular basis.


Does your system needaccurate and up to date

maps?West Virginia Rural Water staff canwork with your system to developprecise maps of your infrastructure.

Why map with us?We provide flexible and budgetfriendly options for updating orcreating maps of your collectionand/or distribution system. All datacollected will be owned by the systemfor future use.

What will the systemreceive?

WVRWA will generate printed mapsand a digital map file for your system.Printed maps come in a variety ofsizes up to 42”. Printed map bookscan also be provided. The digital mapfile can be viewed and printed asneeded with provided software.

Contact WVRWA to findout more about this exciting

new service!

[email protected]


Water AnalysisDrinking water certifieD

wastewater (npDes) certifieD

weekenD service available

Drug and Alcohol Testingpre-employment Drug screening

on-site testing

after-hours service


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SAFETy WATCHTips for Decreasing Home Energy Costs

Winter is fast approaching and we find ourselves asking this important question, “How do I cut my energy costs and still stay warm”? Below are eight (8) important energy cutting ways to decrease your home energy costs.

1) Lower your thermostat – For every degree you dial down during winter months, you’ll save 2% to 3% on heating bills.

2) Caulk, weather strip, and plug – Seal door bottoms and around windows to prevent cold air from entering. Add insulation behind electrical outlets and light switch plates.

3) Lighten up – When incandescent bulbs burn out, replace with compact fluorescent light bulbs, which use less energy and last years longer.

4) Blanket your water heater – Install insulation to reflect heat back into your water heater. Insulate water pipes to retain heat.

5) Turn things off – Stop using “phantom” energy when appliances are on standby. When computers, printers, and electronics are not being used, turn them off completely with a power stirp.

6) Watch your wash – To cut water heating costs, wash laundry in cold water. Adjust water levels to match load size.

7) Slow the flow – Repair leaky faucets and install low-flow showerheads.

8) Insulate your attic – Ten-inch insulation could cut heating bills by $1,000 a year. Also, insulate the pull-down attic door or hatch.

Source: HOPE Health Letter, Vol. 31, No. 10, October, 2011


Steve MorrisSales Manager

Brenntag Mid-South, Inc.319 First Street, NorthSt. Albans, WV 25177Telephone: (304) 727-4379Toll Free: (800) 777-4379Fax: (304) 727-6232VM: (800) 677-9697, ext. [email protected]

Affordable wastewater collection and treatment systems:

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ubstantial Implementation” is a phrase used in the

Source Water Protection program as a general term for measuring progress. USEPA has been funding efforts of state governments in this regard through grants to the states. The states report back regarding how well the money is being spent and what types of protection efforts are being substantially implemented to protect sources of public drinking water.

These efforts can include educating the public about where their water comes from and what are the threats to it. This was made more difficult when terrorists attacked on Sept 11, 2001. Since then, the location of critical infrastructure, such as sources of public drinking water and some of the potential threats to them have become sensitive information made available on a need to know basis.

The trick since then has been to build neighborhood watch programs for public water supplies without giving any terrorists free access to information they shouldn’t have. At the local level, we need to trust our neighbors and

‘S this can include local watershed groups and other citizen organizations who want to protect our water. Involving the public in defining potential threats to source water can help focus the attention of government agencies on the need to minimize those threats.

Substantial Implementation can include government agencies making information more readily available to each other and the public in order to protect our water supplies. For example, the WV Bureau for Public Health, the WVDEP and county 911 call centers may soon have developed a mapping system for spill reporting that will notify public supplies with downstream water intakes just as soon as a call comes in. This same mapping system could be used by permitted facilities that need to write or update their own spill prevention plans with up-to-date emergency contact information for the downstream intakes.

Along with better spill reporting, the WVBPH is using some of its USEPA grant money to help with installation of continuous monitoring equipment.

Substantial Implementation Of Source Water Protection

Ten public water supplies in West Virginia will soon be continuously monitoring the conductivity, pH and temperature of their source water as the first step in building an automated early warning system.

Probes for other chemical parameters can be added over time. Some examples: algae can be monitored if treatment is needed to minimize taste, odor and disinfection by products, chloride probes can be added as a surrogate for bromide if treatment should be adjusted to minimize brominated disinfection by products and nitrate probes can be added if excess nutrients become an issue.

Increased monitoring of source water, above and beyond conventional treatment plant operations, may be an expense which is not at the top of a water plant manager’s wish list. However, the extra expense may help keep costs down and grant money may help pay for some of the source water monitoring. Hopefully, federal grant money will continue to be spent on substantially implementing source water protection efforts like this.

By Lewis Baker, Source Water Technician

WWW.WVRWA.ORG



MOUNTAINEER James H. Copland, Pres.(304) 392-5018Cell: (304) 667-5992Fax: (304) 392-5586Pager: (304) 361-0577E-mail: [email protected]

Jeffrey S. Feamster, CPA(304) 647-5980Cell: (304) 667-5990Fax: (801) 640-8611Pager: (304) 361-0162E-mail: [email protected]

www.accufund.com

www.mcswv.com

Experts in Governmental Computerized Accounting and Information Systems.


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West Virginia Rural Water Assoc. - 1/2 page


6. The main objection to “red water” is that it

A. Causes pipes to corrode B. Creates Hardness C. Increases THM’s (trihalomethanes) D. Stains plumbing and clothes

7. One cubic foot of water weighs….

A. 0.433 pounds B. 7.48 pounds C. 8.3 pounds D. 62.40 pounds

8. Greensand is often used as a filter medium for water with high

A. turbidity B. manganese concentrations C. nitrate concentrations D. bacterial counts

9. If total coliforms are detected in any sample, the water system must _________ within 24 hours.

A. notify the public B. take repeat samples C. increase the level of disinfectant D. all of the above

10. One use of polyphosphates is to

A. control algae B. improve taste C. sequester iron and manganese D. kill bacteria

1. What is the 90th percentile lead level for the following samples?

{0.002 mg/L; 0.005 mg/L; 0.010 mg/L; 0.017 mg/L; 0.015 mg/L}

A. 0.017 mg/L B. 0.016 mg/L C. 0.015 mg/L D. 0.010 mg/L

2. What is the pressure in pounds per square inch at the bottom of a standpipe filled to a height of 47 feet?

A. 10.0 B. 15.0 C. 20.3 D. 108.5

3. One gallon per minute equals_________ gallons per day.

A. 24 B. 60 C. 550 D. 1,440

4. Which of the following elements cause hardness in water?

A. Sodium and potassium B. Nitrogen and sulfur C. Fluoride and oxygen D. Calcium and magnesium

5. In general, when the pH of treated water is below 6.5, it indicates which of the following?

A. High alkalinity B. A free chlorine residual greater than 1.0

mg/L C. Water that tends to be corrosive D. Extremely high total solids content

Water Quiz

Answers can be found on page 42

Remember how important our natural resources are and do your part to conserve them!


501 EAGLE MOUNTAIN ROADCHARLESTON, WV 25311(304) 342-7168(304) 342-7169 [email protected]

Lewis ArabiaKevin McDevittDennis Telleck


we aren’t even taking care of the basic needs of our current citizens? This must change and it must change as quick-ly as possible. Governor Joe Manchin III, State of the State and Inaugural Address, Feb-ruary 9, 2005

The Defendant’s recent unilat-eral announcement that it is, “due to current economic conditions … unable to financially participate in [public-private] partnerships” is harmful, and perhaps destructive, to West Virginia’s central and crit-ical water infrastructure objective.

A public utility is under a duty to make reasonable expansion of service in accordance with its franchise and charter obliga-tions.” Landowners Non Profit Water Association, Inc., Case No. 01-1637-W-CN (Commission Or-der, August 29, 2002) Defendant’s franchise obligations arise from the explicit and implicit promises made by WVAWC. These promis-es were made to induce and secure contracts with various public en-tities which tendered to WVAWC assets and capital funding from the public wealth, and operations and maintenance contracts with political subdivisions of our State. One direct result of these con-tracts, contemplated by all parties and the reviewing Commission, was the dismantling and deactiva-tion of publicly owned utilities in favor of WVAWC.

Defendant predictably denies that it made any promises to our

he matters presented in this case are fundamental to the

present and future success of our State and the health and well-be-ing of our people. West Virginia and its local governments have, through reasonable reliance on ex-plicit and implicit promises made by Defendant West Virginia Amer-ican (“WVAWC”), abandoned many publicly owned utilities and thus tendered public wealth and management prerogative to this private, investor-owned utility.

The underlying assumption in these transactions was and re-mains that the behavior of the Defendant would remain consis-tent with the long term objectives and interests of our State and its Citizens. West Virginia’s central long term water infrastructure objective has been constant and constantly restated by our leaders: To “provide the availability of ad-equate, economical and reliable utility services throughout the State.” W.Va. Code 24-1-1 (a) (2.)

For example, I am also committed to max-

imizing our water potential. It is unconscionable to me that in the year 2005, approximately 25 percent of West Virginia homes still have no access to a formal, clean water system and 45 percent of our popu-lation is not connected to a centralized public wastewater treatment system. How can we expect to be taken seriously as a potential business location if

T public entities “other than in writ-ing”. (See: Defendant Answer, Paragraph 28) This denial is con-trary to fact and the public inter-est, and is also inconsistent with West Virginia contract law. Our law requires that the fact finder resolve differing contract inter-pretations by examining “the sur-rounding circumstances which ex-ist at the time a contract in writing was entered into, the situation of the parties, and the subject matter of the instrument and, when the words are ambiguous, will call in aid the acts done under it as a clue to the intention of the parties.” Kanawha Banking & Trust Com-pany v. Gilbert, 131 W.Va. 88, 46 S.E.2d 225, 236 (1947)

The nature of the Defendant’s sell to our Citizens is clear by the following acts of the involved public entities and their governing Commissions and Councils. The dismantled utilities, and the pub-lic’s resulting inability to operate and make necessary and required capital expansion and improve-ments, are proof that the Defen-dant marketed its “public-private” business model as reliable and perpetual. Defendant’s unilateral abandonment of its promised and previously implemented course of conduct is an unreasonable act that will frustrate the goal of continued service expansion into unserved and underserved areas, which will deny or make unaf-fordable public water service to our State’s poorest communities

What Is The Issue?Whether West Virginia American Water Company Should Be Allowed to unilaterally Withdraw from Participation in Public-Private Partnerships

to Extend Water Service to un-Served West Virginians Or not?


and Citizens. On July 20, 2011, the Presi-

dent and CEO of American Water encouraged that, ‘public-private partnerships should be more wide-ly pursued for water and wastewa-ter services.” He exhorted, “Now is the time to enable the private sector to provide resources to help financially distressed munici-pal systems update, maintain and operate their facilities in a true partnership.” (See: Exhibit A, at-tached) Unfortunately, the com-pany proposes that many West Virginians may no longer enjoy this “true partnership”.

Defendant claims “current economic conditions”, “the con-tinual decline in customer us-age” and “regulatory lag” leading to inadequate customer rates as reasons for its unilateral change in course. The poor economy, suffered by many citizens of our

State, has not had similar impact upon the financial performance of Defendant’s parent corporation, American Water (NYSE: AWK). For the twelve months ending on September 30, 2011, American Water shareholder return was sig-nificantly ahead of both the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Utilities indi-ces and the company reported an average return on equity of 10.1% (See: Exhibit B, attached).

American Water’s current busi-ness strategy is announced in the introduction of its most recent (2010) annual report: “We also continue to strategically review our business activities. We are taking steps to ensure that we are operating in areas where we can best serve customers and meet business objectives. This effort is about creating value by investing capital and resources and strategi-cally growing where we can drive

operational excellence and take advantage of our existing critical mass.” Elsewhere in this Annual Report, this strategy is called as “portfolio optimization”.

Of course, the parts of West Virginia that can be most reliably and economically served, and thus help the company take advantage of its “ existing critical mass” are already served with public water. West Virginians without reliable public water supply are predomi-nately in remote areas that pres-ent capital cost and service chal-lenges, and doubtless would not promote the company’s portfolio optimization. For this reason, De-fendant proposes to frustrate their quest for clean drinking water.

Comments or questions should be directed to: Timothy P. Stranko, Steptoe & Johnson PLLC,

P. O. Box 1616, Morgantown, WV 26501 (304) 598-8107


[email protected]

encourage you to do so. With decreasing municipal rev-

enues and increasing demands on employee’s time, your community can save money in training costs for your employees by hosting and coordinating training sessions at your location. This will enable the utility to save travel costs, improve employee efficien-cy, schedule training at your con-venience, and choose the training session topics you feel are the most beneficial for your employees.

Because the stipulations of what we can teach have been removed, we can now prepare and teach whatever training program you need to meet your utilities needs. This will include more training for new operators, more sessions

ith the loss of the EPA funding for the Training

and Technical Assistance program, WV Rural Water Association is

changing the look of training that we previously offered.

We will continue to offer training around the state, but for the most part our EPA Internal training will be fee-based.

Whether your employees need a few hours or several days of continuing education training, WVRWA can arrange a training program to meet your needs. You pick the topic, notify WVRWA of the subject and then we will coor-dinate with you as to the cost for this training. If you wish to invite neighboring systems to share the expense and reduce your cost, we

W geared to utility managers, book-keepers, decision makers and, of course, new types of training for operators.

We are gearing up for more of-fice manager classes and plan on holding (2) two management

conferences in the Spring of 2012. These will include current topics like open meeting laws, ethics, and budgets along with an overview of all the regulations that cover the water industry.

Call today to schedule “On-Site” Continuing Education Training for your system or to request more in-formation regarding this new train-ing program. If you have any ideas on ways we can improve our train-ing, please give me a call.

new On-Site Training Opportunities With Continuing Education Hours

By Debbie Britt, Executive Director


Answers to Soduko Puzzle


est Virginia Rural Water Association (WVRWA) has

recently purchased equipment that will allow us to do a pipe patch. What this will do is to allow a damaged sewer pipe to be patched and, in some cases, without dig-ging. The pipe patch system, so far, has come in handy in situa-tions in which a road was going to have to be dug up to complete a line repair. This usually realizes a significant savings of revenue and time because, when a road is torn up, it hast to be repaired to its original condition. As we all know, road repair can get very expensive very quickly. Time savings can be realized very fast do to not having to obtain permits that are required before certain roadways can even be worked on. Also, in most cases, patching a line only takes four to five hours in which an hour and a half to two hours of this time is waiting for the patch to dry. At this point, one employee is all that is required.

The following equipment is re-quired to make a repair with the pipe patch system and WVRWA has most of this equipment. The first thing needed is a packer. The packers come in different sizes depending on the diameter of the pipe that is going to be patched. WVRWA has the packers to patch pipe between 4 inch diameters up to 10 inch diameter pipes. Push rods are also required and are

cate the exact damaged spot with the camera. Once you are sure you are as close to the middle of the damaged spot as you can be, put a piece of tape on the camera line where the pipe ends at the bottom of the manhole. The next step is to prepare the packer for a test run. This consists of taping a dispos-able plastic sleeve to the packer, cutting a small air release slot in the sleeve, and inflating the packer a couple of times. The reason for inflating the packer outside the pipe is to stretch the rubber so it is flexible and to make sure you have no leaks. The next step is to stretch the camera line out on the ground a few feet longer than where the tape mark is. Lay out enough of the push rods to get to the tape mark and put a piece of tape in the exact same spot on the push rods. Keep about two extra push rods handy so people can push and pull from the top of the man hole when the packer is ready to be in-serted. The next step is to connect the push rods to the packer. At this point, the pull cable should also be connected. Tape each joint of the push rods as an extra precaution to keep the push rods from coming apart. This will allow you to pull hard if the packer would become lodged in the pipe.

It is now time to do the test run. Insert the packer into the pipe and push the packer in until the tape mark on the push rods line up with

W solid 5 ft. air lines that transfer air and are also durable enough to assist in putting the packer in and out of the pipe. A pull cable is re-quired to help pull the packer out of the pipe. One would also need a small air compressor. It does not take much air pressure, usu-ally between 25-60 lbs depending

on pipe diameter. It is also good to have a portable generator. This is usually only used to operate the air compressor. A sewer cam-era also is required to do this job. WVRWA has all of this equip-ment, except the generator, to help the systems in making this type of repair. A patch kit is also required. The patch kit contains a resin to patch the pipe with, plus all of the expendable supplies that are nec-essary for the repair.

Pipe patching is a fairly simple procedure once you see it done a couple of times. I will try to go through the steps of pipe patching for you. The first step is to clean the line that the repair is to be made on. This can be done with a good pressure washer, vector truck or a jetter. The next step is to lo-

Pipe Patching With West Virginia Rural Water

By Jim Johnson, Wastewater Technician

Pipe patching is a fairly simple procedure once you see it done a couple of times.


the pipe heading into the man hole. Pull the packer back out. This step is to make sure the packer will go into the pipe the necessary dis-tance. At this point, if it will not go all the way in, you have not wasted the patch kit.

The next step is to prepare the packer for the actual patch. Make sure the plastic sleeve was not damaged during the test run. If it is still good, you can use the same one to make the patch. In the event the sleeve was damaged, the patch kit contains a second one of these. In the patch kit, you will find a cloth. This is what the resin will be applied to. The patch kit will also contain some wire ties. Do not buy your own wire ties for this, they need to break at 15 pounds of pressure, commercial wire ties are much stronger. Put two of these wire ties together to double their length. Have some pliers and some-thing to cut the wire ties on hand. The resin is contained in a plastic bag that has a different compound on each side. The two compounds are separated by a pull plug. Make sure everything is ready to go be-fore the plug is pulled. When you pull the plug, the drying time of

the compound begins. The drying time depends on the temperature it is that day. The patch kit box has a temperature chart on it. You usu-ally have about 20 minutes to get the packer in place after the pug is pulled. In doing five of these patch-es so far, the longest time the crew I was working with has recorded was 12 minutes. Put the cloth on a table or a piece of plastic on the ground, rough side up. Pull the plug and mix the two sides of the resin together and note the time. Spread the resin on the cloth. It will be of paint like consistency. The patch kit provides two large putty knives to spread the resin. When the cloth is covered, flip it over and coat the other side. Next, fold the cloth from the long side over a third of the way from each side overlap-ping the fold about one inch. The next step is to lay the packer on the cloth and roll the cloth on the pack-er. Put the wire ties on the packer, pull them tight and trim the over loose ends off. Hook up your push rods and the pull cable. The packer is now ready to be inserted into the pipe.

Put the packer back into the pipe like it was done for the test

run. Run the push rods up to the tape that is on them. This time the packer will be inflated. If we are patching an 8 inch pipe, the plea-sure needs to be 28 psi. and record the time. The waiting time as stated earlier is usually 1.5-2 hours, de-pending on the temperature. While the crew is waiting for the patch to dry, the main thing is to make sure the pressure stays between 25-32 psi. After the patch is dry, let the pressure off of the packer and pull the packer out. It is a good idea to run the sewer camera back in the line to take a look at the patch.

WVRWA has worked with Al-pine Lake Public Utilities to do five of these patches in the month of September, 2011. All five of these patch was very successful. During this time, WVRWA Wastewater Technician Jim Johnson was being trained on the equipment by Greg Conklin of Source One Environ-mental where the equipment was purchased. I would like to thank Greg for the great training on our new equipment. I would also like to thank the management and staff at Alpine Lake for allowing us to learn about the equipment on their system.

Above, the staff of Alpine Lake Public Utilities is working on a pipe patching job.

The pipe patching packer above is almost ready to be inserted into a pipe


est Virginia has been the focus of research and controversy lately with the explosion of Mar-

cellus Shale drilling. Here are the highlights of reports and scientific articles recently published about loca-tions in West Virginia.

The Environmental Working Group, a non-profit environmental watchdog group, published the report, “Cracks in the Façade” in August 2011. With an in-troduction of, “25 years ago, EPA linked “fracking” to water contamination”, this reports covers a 1987 En-vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) investigation of private well contamination in Ripley, WV. The Envi-ronmental Working Group claims that this 1987 inves-tigation gives evidence of groundwater contamination

caused by hydraulic fracturing. They further claim that this investigation and more recent contamination claims have been ignored in EPA’s ongoing study of the safety of hydraulic fracturing. In general, they claim that drinking water aquifer contamination may occur through old oil and gas wells. The report states that hydraulic fracturing fluid from newly drilled wells can possibly migrate into and up old oil and natural gas wells. Due to the age of these wells, the casing may be compromised within the drinking water aquifer, allow-ing the fluids to enter the aquifer. This report has been given national attention on the Environmental Work-ing Group website and through various national news outlets.

Scientific studies regarding development of gas wells and disposal of hydraulic fracturing fluids have also been conducted in West Virginia, with the results of these investigations being recently published. In 2001, an energy development company leased mineral rights in a portion of the Fernow Experimental For-est within the Monongahela National Forest. In 2008-2009, land was cleared for a pad, the well was drilled and fracked and a pipeline were installed. The US Forest Service monitored the impacts of this process and published these observations in the report, “Ef-fects of Development of a Natural Gas Well and Asso-ciated Pipeline on the Natural and Scientific Resources of the Fernow Experimental Forest”. This report was released in January 2011. In addition, “Land Applica-

W

WV In The news!

By Erica Johnson, EPA Source Water Specialist

Regardless of your opinion on drilling, you can’t deny West Virginia is in the spotlight.


tion of Hydrofracturing Fluids Damages a Deciduous Forest Stand in West Virginia”, was published in the July-August 2011 edition of the Journal of Environ-mental Quality. This article further elaborates on the observations within Fernow, specifically the damage to trees and other vegetation due to land application. Major effects were seen immediately following appli-cation of waste fracking fluid to a forested area. These effects included nearly all ground vegetation dying within a few days, trees dropping leaves within about two weeks and over half of the trees in the area dying within the next two years. This article was featured on several environmental websites, including the New York Times website’s Green Blog.

Hydraulic fracturing is, of course, an ongoing topic of study with new information being continually re-leased. Regardless of your opinion on drilling, you can’t deny West Virginia is in the spotlight. It may be worth your time to keep an eye on the news and the web to see what information your customers are

seeing and be ready to respond to questions they may ask you.

References:Horwitt, Dusty. (2011) Cracks in the Façade. En-

vironmental Working Group. Retrieved from http://www.ewg.org/reports/cracks-in-the-facade

Adams, M.B., et. al. (2011) Effects of the Develop-ment of a Natural Gas Well and Associated Pipeline on the Natural and Scientific Resources of the Fernow Ex-perimental Forest, General Technical Report NRS-76. United States Forest Service. Retrived from: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/37268

Adams, M.B. (2011) Land Application of Hydro-fracturing Fluids Damages a Deciduous Forest Stand in West Virginia. Journal of Environmental Quality, 40(4), 1340-1344.

New York Times web edition (July 12, 2011) Frack-ing Water Kills Trees, Study Finds Retrieved from: http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/12/fracking-water-killed-trees-study-finds/


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Of Counsel to Robert R. Rodecker, Esq.

P.O. Box 3713Charleston, WV 25337-3713 Phone: (304) 343-1654E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (304) 343-1657


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l The thirty gallons of sodium

hypochlorite normally used jumped up to forty one gal-lons. At about $5.00 per gal-lon, this cost approximately $55.00 more per week.

l The three pounds of potas-sium permanganate normally used per day jumped to four pounds. At about $4.09 per pound, this cost approximate-ly $28.63 per week.

l The ten pounds of fluoride normally used per day jumped to fourteen pounds. At about $1.50 per pound, this cost ap-proximately $42.00 per week.

l The total chemical reagent cost per week was about $25.00. This cost jumped up to about $36.00 per week, an additional $11.00.

l The electric bill was about $350.00 per week. The cost jumped up to about $476.00 per week, at an additional cost of $121.00.

Approximate extra cost per week for lost water was:l Labor $759.00l Chemicals $465.00l Electric $121.00

Total cost was $1,345.00 more per week and the cost per month was about $5380.00.

This monthly cost of service would

ane Lew Public Service Dis-trict, located in northern Lewis

County was like most systems in the state during the early part of the 21st century. They had a twenty five (25) to thirty five (35) percent water loss, well above the fifteen (15) percent target recommended by the WV Pub-lic Service Commission.

Let’s take a closer look at the ac-tual cost of this water loss:l Operation of the plant went

from twelve (12) to fourteen (14) hours, up to eighteen (18) to twenty two (22) hours, calculated to:

22-14=8 hrs. 8 divided by 22=0.36

0.36 X 100=36% more oper-ating time.

l The two operators worked an extra four hours per day each. The plant was up and running seven days per week, cost-ing the district a total of forty six hours overtime. Let’s say the operators made an aver-age of eleven dollars an hour; the overtime pay would cost approximately $759.00 per week.

l The thirty five gallons of Del-pac 2020 normally used per day jumped up to fifty five gallons. At about $2.35 per gallon, this cost approximate-ly $329.00 more per week.

J be devastating to any class public ser-vice district or municipality if it oc-curred all at once. It is the opinion of the author that this loss occurs slowly and over a period of time which is long enough to be ignored by most people. After it reaches a certain point the number for water loss just stops and creeps up or down very little so it’s easy to believe that there is noth-ing that can be done. As an example of what can be done, the story of Jane Lew PSD must be told.

The Jane Lew Public Service Dis-trict was created in 1958 and the wa-ter plant was built in 1959.

The first billing for the water was sent out in November, 1960 to 218 customers. James Gum was hired as the first Plant Manager on October 1, 1960. The dam was constructed in 1960 and was relocated in 1969 when the new route 7 was being built. The first board meeting was held in their new office on June 21, 1961 and board members D.B. Musser, Chair-man; John G. Funk, J. Carson White, Harry McWhorter and Rudolph Kaf-er were on board to start making deci-sions.

The water line was extended from Lost Creek-Mt. Clare, currently known as Greater Harrison PSD, to Jane Lew by change order, to insure enough water for the Industrial Park in 1976. The water line was extended to South Park in November, 1979 and

Eureka! --- I Have Found It And The Effects It Has On your System

Are Substantial

By Bertis M. McCarty, Circuit Rider


to Jesse Run and Sycamore Lick in 2006. In June 2010, Jane Lew quit producing water and began purchas-ing all of their water from West Vir-ginia American Water.

Currently, Jane Lew PSD has 635 water customers. There are 3 full time water/wastewater employees: Robert “Boone” Brown (Field Su-pervisor), Benjamin Cool and Joshua Freeman. There are also 3 part-time employees: Roger Davis, Jason Fos-ter and Brock Perkins. Also serving is Office Manager, Donna Goodwin, and General Manager, Nancy E. Gee. The current PSD board members are Elaine Flaxer, Thomas Bailey and Oscar Mills.

Under the direction of Nancy Gee’s management and the board of directors, the decision was made to replace about 31% of the exist-

ing water line. This would consist of about 12,000 feet. All galvanized pipe was replaced along with a river crossing. Several valves were re-placed to make it easier to find and isolate leaks in the future. Since the area continues to grow at an over-whelming pace and the plant was running at least twenty (20) hours per day, sometimes peaking at twen-ty four (24) hours, the decision was also made to purchase water from the nearby community of Weston. This agreement was setup and ready to use when the water line replacement project was complete. The plant it-self was in a flood plain, making it impossible to finance an upgrade.

After a year or so of operation, without the water plant, Jane Lew Public Service District is running with a pretty steady water loss of

about 3% or less. They are now pur-chasing less than three million gal-lons of water. In the past, the plant was making over five million gallons of water.

Looking at the cost now;The electric bill has fallen to about

$250 per month and the chemical and labor cost to make water is $0.00. The savings of around $5,000.00 per month is more than enough to pay the debt service for the line replace-ment project.

If the water plant was still in oper-ation, the savings would still be tre-mendous. My calculations show the plant would only be running eleven hours per day. Every project has its pros and cons, but the small town of Jane Lew made the best of a bad situ-ation and all things relative worked out in their favor.

Pictured from left to right are Ben, Boone, Nancy, Josh and Donna


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change he made that helped the City tremendously.

In May 2005, Bobby started at the City of Belmont. At that time, he was told that iron was a big problem from the source and, because of that, he would need to schedule the wells to be cleaned every year and that the well pumps needed replaced ev-ery 2 years. In the fall of that

year, Bobby did the cleaning and replacements. While having this done, he noticed the iron buildup in the source pump lines. Know-ing pumps should last 10 years and seeing this, he came to the decision that loss in production wasn’t because of pump or well failure. It was simply because of iron buildup in the pump and lines.

To prove his theory, the follow-ing year, when the performance in production started to decline, he and the city employees pulled the 10 hp submersible pumps and pump lines and cleaned them. Immediately, normal production

long the Ohio River, north of Parkersburg, on Route 2,

in Pleasants County, is the City of Belmont. Named for the beauti-ful hills, Belmont incorporated on April 19, 1946. It wasn’t un-til 1961 that the City provided water to its citizens. Today, the City has just over 1,000 in popu-lation, with 475 metered custom-ers. The City’s source is ground water from two wells. The water plant uses three green sand filters for removal of iron and manga-nese. The water plants maximum pump rate is 375 gpm that fills two side-by-side tanks that hold 220,000 gallons each.

In the spring of 2005, the City of Belmont hired Bobby Dawson as the new Chief Water Operator for the City’s water system. The Council knew they had made a good hire and if you asked the City Council today if they thought the hire was a good decision, they would tell you that it was a great one. Not only is Bobby a good person, he is a great Water Opera-tor. In his 6+ years of working there, he has made changes in the water plant and distribution sys-tem that have improved the water system as a whole. In this article, I want to talk about one particular

A was restored. After proving his theory right, Bobby started moni-toring the wells and cleaning the pumps and lines on an annual basis. Bobby started measuring well drawdown and, at the same time, recording amp draw twice a year. As of today, Bobby and the crew still clean the pumps and pump lines annually and have not had to replace a pump or clean the wells for 6 years. This has saved the City a total of $160,000.

He didn’t stop there. He real-ized that with the money he saved the City by being proactive and cutting out wasteful spending, he wanted to put some back into the system and spend it wisely. So, he approached City Council and informed them of the necessity and importance of having a gen-erator to supply back up power to the water plant and both wells. He was able to purchase a 125 kw generator from Walker Cat for $44,000. That is only 27% of the money saved from not doing unneeded maintenance and re-placement. The rest of the money could be saved for emergencies.

I wanted to tell this because of the significant amount of money Bobby saved the City of Belmont by using common sense and sim-

Being Proactive – How Wells And Pumps Paid For A Generator

By Matthew Lamp, Circuit Rider

It was simply because of iron buildup in the pump and lines.


814.943.5214gdfengineers.com

3121 FAIRWAY DRIVEALTOONA, PA 16602

07-GD0224.WV RrlWtrAssc 4/23/07 2:35 PM Page 1

ply doing his job the right way. By troubleshooting for the actual prob-lem of production loss instead of wasting money by replacing pumps

and cleaning of the wells so often, he was able to put that money back into the system and address a cru-cial need by purchasing the genera-

tor. With Bobby’s knowledge and support from a good Council, they were able to better the water sys-tem and community.

WWW.WVRWA.ORG


mbezzlement is an act of dis-honestly appropriating assets

by one or more people in which those assets have been entrusted.

This can involve very large amounts of as-sets as well as small nearly insignificant amounts. The em-

ployee that is committing embez-zlement does not have to be taking the assets themselves. Transferring assets to a third party is also con-sidered embezzlement. Most of the time, embezzlement is methodical, premeditated, and systematic. It is usually well thought out so the peo-ple involved are hard to discover. Embezzler’s generally use one of three methods to do the deed. The first is to continually skim a small amount of money off the top. This is normally the hardest type of em-bezzlement to detect. Some may opt to steal a very large sum of money and not even try to cover it up. They would try to leave the system and the area before the missing funds are discovered. The third method is for a manager to under report the income and pocket the unreported amounts.

What I would like to do in this ar-ticle is to put some ideas out there that if implemented, just may make

or the manager, to deposit the as-sets. Staff should never be allowed to take work home. This limits the manager’s abilities to monitor ac-tivities.

Have a written policy in place in which management can perform unannounced checks on any ac-count at any time. This is especially needed if your system has cash ac-counts, such as petty cash. Compare assets on a monthly basis. This will not be exactly the same; however, if a large difference occurs in different months, it would be a good idea to investigate the reason for these dif-ferences.

Billing practices, time sheets and bank statements are also good plac-es to have some good rules in place. Review any bills that are delinquent more than sixty days. If these have not been addressed, it would mean that someone failed to send a late notice, at the very least. These un-paid balances should be checked to see if they are indeed outstanding balances or if the customer is claim-ing they have been paid. Have a strict policy on balance write off’s. No single employee should gener-ally have the authority to write off a balance on their own. In a water or wastewater system, it would be my opinion that the board should

E embezzlement harder to get away with. Some of these policies may make it so difficult dishonest em-ployees may not even want to try.

Separation of duties is a very good way to deter embezzlement. Having a good separation of duties would require more than one person to be involved in the scam. This is good because some people are dis-honest, but everyone is not. There is some safety in numbers. The management can also unexpectedly move funds from the control of one entrusted person to the control of another. Accounting records should be backed up at the end of the day. Refrain from allowing the employ-ee that entered the records, to back them up. Have a different person, preferable on a different computer, back those records up. Management should try to ensure that one em-ployee is in place to collect assets. There should be a second employee to post the balances. I would also recommend having a third person,

Safeguards And Deterrents Against Embezzlement

By Jim Johnson, Wastewater Technician

Most of the time, embezzlement is metho-dical, premeditated, and systematic.


JOIN WVRWA

deal with that type of issue. Be sus-picious of the number of refunds that are being given out. If you see this number increase significantly, investigate some of the refunds to find out the reason for them. Verify the check numbers of any voided checks to make sure they actually have not been written and cashed in somewhere. Review employee time sheets and time cards. Make sure that every person receiving a pay-check actually works for the system. Often times payroll checks are made out to ghost employee or former

employees, no longer employed. It would also be a good idea to com-pare statements from the bank with those generated by your in-house accounting personnel. The bank statements should be forwarded di-rectly to the Chief Executive officer.

When checks are signed, make sure the checks require two signa-tures. When checks are received in the mail, have the employee that opens the mail log the check in. Do not just put it on someone’s desk with no record.

I know this seems like a lot of ex-

tra work, especially if you find all of your employees to be honest. Some-times, how-ever, things are not as they seem. As a method of helping your reputation as a manager, helping your custom-ers and clients, some of these proce-dures may be worth considering for your system.

AnSWERS TO WATER QuIZ:

1) B 2) C 3) D 4) D 5) C 6) D 7) D 8) B 9) B 10) C1. 1) (0.017 + 0.015)/2 = 0.0162. 2) 47 ft (1 psi/2.31 ft) = 20.3 ft

?


Thank you Letters



final deadline submission. Having administered state and federal grants myself, I have seen that the single most important piece of advice in completing a grant application is fol-low the directions. In many cases, if the requirements are not followed exactly, the application will be ineli-gible, no matter how well written. A grant proposal typically includes the following sections; however, the spe-cifics will vary with each application. Again, be sure you read and re-read the directions and requirements.

need or Problem Statement:This section explains the problem

or need that your grant proposal will be addressing. This need should be supported with facts and figures, the more local and relevant to your sys-tem, the better.

Objectives/Goal:This section covers the expected

outcome of the grant or what you will accomplish with the grantor’s mon-ey. Objectives should be SMART; specific, measureable, appropriate, realistic and time-bound.

Activities/Methods:These are the specific steps that

will be taken to meet the objections. Activities answers the who, what, where, when and how questions.

imes are tough and money is tight. Maybe this is a good

time to try your hand at writing a pro-posal for a grant. Here are some tips and resources to get you started on your journey.

The first step to successful grant writing is, of course, to find a funding source. A good resource for finding funding opportunities is your fellow systems. Ask around at classes and conferences as someone may pass along an opportunity you weren’t aware of. Other sources of grant money are state and federal govern-ment. State government grants, such as those from the DEP and DHHR can be found on the agencies’ web-sites or in the State Register (see end of article for web resources). Also, check out the WV Department of Commerce. This agency offers sev-eral grants open to water and waste-water utilities, such as the Governor’s Community Participation Grant. For federal grants, check out the Grants.gov website. This government web-site is the portal for applying for federal money and for searching for federal grant opportunities. You can also sign up for email updates of new grants.

Once you have found that perfect grant opportunity, the next step is preparing to write the proposal. You can never start too early on complet-ing an application. An early start will allow you time to produce a well-thought out and clear proposal. An early draft may also allow you to get feedback from the grantor and cor-rect errors and omissions prior to the

T This section should give a detailed description of what will occur along with the sequence of events and the timing. This section may include a timetable or that may be a separate section.

Project Evaluation:This section describes how you

will show that you met the project goals. This may include statistics, pictures and reports. Specific re-quirements may already be laid out in the application.

Budget:This is a detailed list of personnel,

equipment and supplies. This section will also include any match or in-kind services. Be reasonable with your budget, but don’t forget to include maintenance and replacement costs. Most grantors want to see long-term gain from the project.

You have the information, now go get started! Getting a grant for your system is rewarding, both financially and emotionally. It takes research, time and lots of paperwork, but it is a great way to get resources in these tight times.

Web Resources:WV Department of Environmental Protection: www.dep.wv.govWV Department of Health and Hu-man Resources, OEHS: www.wvd-hhr.org/oehs/WV State Register: www.sos.wv.gov/administrative-law/registerWV Department of Commerce:www.wvcommerce.org/people/communityresources/financialre-sourcesFederal Grants: www.grants.gov

Grant Writing 101

By Erica Johnson, EPA Source Water Specialist

An early start will allow you time to produce a well-thought out and clear proposal.


PAUL GHOSH, PE

723 Kanawha Boulevard, East12th Floor, Union Building (304) 343-5300Charleston, West Virginia 25301 FAX 343-5912

Danny LuskSales Representative

W. C. Weil CompanyWater and Waste Water Equipment

P.O. Box 7144Charleston, WV 25356-0144Office: (304) 776-5665Fax: (304) 776-8171Email: [email protected]

Jesse LoughneyTerritory [email protected]

1600 Alabama Highway 229Tallassee, AL 36078334.283.6555 Main302.824.6918 Mobile302.384.7544 Faxwww.neptunetg.com

DE (302) 337-3600WV (304) 358-7000

FAX (302) 337-8560


divide that number by 1440 (min-utes in a day) and that will give you the gallons per minute lost. There are two categories of water loss; real and apparent. Apparent loss deals with unaccountability in me-ters and billing and the only way a water utility can do this accurately is with water meters. Using water meters is the only accurate way to account for the water being pro-duced, bought and sold.

A waters system needs to be run like a business because water is a product. A system needs to know how much it costs to produce, ver-sus how much water is being sold to know if it is profitable. The best way for a water system to account for produced and sold water is by using water meters.

Water meters are important for many reasons:1. Accountability – without

them, you cannot do an accu-rate water loss report

2. Fairness – Everyone is charged for the amount of water they use

3. Conservation – Nobody wants to pay any more than they have

urrently, there is no national regulatory policy in place that

limits the amount of unaccount-able water loss a water system can have. However, many of us know that, here in West Virginia, it is rec-ommended that water loss limits should fall in the 10 to 15 percent range for water that cannot be ac-counted for.

Percentage of unaccounted-for water loss doesn’t always tell the truth of what is happening in the water system. For an example, the bigger the system, the more forgiv-ing the percentage of water loss can be. On the other hand, a small water system can have one service line leak and it can put them in the 30 to 40 percent loss range.

For a water system to truly know what is going on, there is some simple math that can show you what is happening. First, you must figure out the water systems unaccounted-for water percentage (which you might have heard me say before).

Water loss % = Water produced – Total consumption (metered cus-tomers) Water produced

Then, after figuring the water systems unaccounted-for water loss percentage, take the differ-ence from water produced and total consumption, divide by how many days there are in the month. Then,

C to. Remember that Old cus-tomer saying “Water should be free”

4. Monitoring – They allow the utility to account for water be-ing produced. Again, you need meters for an accurate water loss report.

5. Leak Control- they help aid in the detection of leaks in the dis-tributions system.

Besides master meters and cus-tomer meters, they can also be used in leak detection. They are usually known as test or jumper meter and they are crucial, especially in rural water systems. Meters can make finding water leaks much faster. Remember, time is money.

Using the right meter for the application can also reduce your apparent water loss. Meters are classified in two different types; positive displacement and veloc-ity. Meters that feature both types are knows as compound meters. Properly selecting the right meter for the application consists of sev-eral factors, such as, flow rate, pipe size, pressure, pressure loss, public safety, and water quality.

Positive Displacement – there are two types: nutating and piston. They are usually used in homes and small businesses. They are avail-able from 5/8ths inch to 2 inch.

Velocity – there are several

Accountability – How Metering Plays The Big Part

By Matthew Lamp, Circuit Rider

Water meters are important for many reasons


types: turbines, propeller, ultra-sonic, multi-jet, and magnetic are a few. These meters are for high flow applications such as master meters for finish water from the water plant and purchaser systems, industrial and large commercial. Meters are available in 2 inch and larger except for multi-jet, which is 5/8ths to 2 inches.

Compound – it may be necessary

to have a combination of both posi-tive displacement and velocity for the measurement of high and low flows. Some examples are hotels, apartment complexes, schools, and hospitals.

Apparent water loss is a big con-tributor to unaccountability of wa-ter. In addition, a big part of ac-countability is with water meters. With proper meter placement and

installation, testing and calibration, proactive replacement programs, proper selection of size and type, and proper reading of the meter, the water system will definitely cut down on their water loss percent-age and gallon per minute lost.

Remember, water is a business. It would not be a good business if water systems operated like an all you can eat buffet!

For information or a demonstration,call or write Walter Frazier Appalachian Software, Inc. 44 Amber Way Scott Depot, West Virginia 25560 (304) 757-1260



Board Member Appointment Rules for Public Service Districts

Did you know that West Virginia Code 16-13A-3 requires public service districts to provide to the Public Service Commission, within thirty days of the appointment of a board member, the following information:

lThe board members namelHome addresslHome and Office Phone NumberslDate of AppointmentlLength of termlWho the new member replaces and if the new appointee has previously served on the board.

The Public Service Commission shall notify each new board member of the legal obligation to at-tend the mandatory public service district board members seminar required in the same code section.

Lubeck Public Service District Awarded Rural Development Funding

L to R: Jerry Martin, Jim Cox, Tom Hastine, Vir-ginia McDonald and Dave Dye

L to R: Alan Harris, Virginia McDonald, Jim Cox, Jerry Martin and Janna Lowery

L to R: Jerry Martin, Chairman; Jim Cox, Retired Lubeck Manager




tarting in 1998, I wrote a number of articles about

the need to test for Bromide, which is an important Disinfection By-Product (DBP) precursor. Higher Bromide in a public water supply’s source water leads to more Trihalomethanes (THMs) if the water is disinfected with chlorine (as happens at most supplies) and Bromate if ozone is used. With federal regulations for THMs getting tighter and Bromide concentrations in source waters getting higher due to increased brines from gas drilling, many public water supplies and government agencies are beginning to test for Bromide.

Questions being asked include: “How much Bromide would cause DBPs to climb?”, “What are the test methods being used by labs”? and “What problems might there be in getting useful test results”? Like other folk who are looking at this, I’m still trying to find answers. Here’s what I’ve found so far.

Bromide, in source water, quickly replaces chlorine atoms in the THMs, and since bromine atoms are more than twice as heavy as chlorine atoms, the total THMs will climb. Typically, something like 25% or more of the Bromide ions in the source

‘S water will become incorporated into THMs. So, if there were an increase of 100 ppb of Bromide in the source water, this could mean an extra 25 ppb or more of bromide replacing 12 ppb chlorine atoms in the THMs causing a total THM increase of 13 ppb or more. For a public water supply that is already working hard to minimize THM formation and stay below the 80 ppb limit, this much increase could mean exceeding the drinking water standard.

To test for Bromide, samples of the source water can be analyzed by a number of approved methods at certified labs. Perhaps most commonly used, USEPA methods 300 and 300.1 Part A, include Ion Chromatography (IC) analysis of anions. These methods should be able to detect Bromide down to 10 ppb or so, but, there can be interference in the test from nitrates as well as chlorides when they are significantly more concentrated than Bromide, which is commonly the case in source waters. Some of the test results received by public supplies and agencies have been “Non-Detect” for Bromide, even when it should have been measurable. These “NDs” may have been due to interferences, and should not be interpreted

Source Water Monitoring For Bromide

necessarily as nothing to worry about.

Other methods also using IC may be less prone to nitrate and chloride interferences. These include tests normally being run for public supplies which use ozone, but could be requested by any plant. Bromate has a drinking water limit of just 10 ppb. Although Bromide doesn’t become incorporated into Bromate as readily as it does with THMs, any Bromide in source water must be monitored by plants using ozone. USEPA methods 300.1 Part B, 317, and 326 can be used for monitoring Bromide in the raw water with detection at 1 ppb more or less as well as Bromate in the treated water.

There are test methods besides these which incorporate Mass Spectrometry, Colorimetry, and even Bromide specific ion probes, but for various reasons these methods are not likely to be used by most labs. It would be a good idea to ask any lab what test methods they have for Bromide and whether their methods may be susceptible to interferences that could prevent them from detecting low ppb levels. Bottom line: It is as important to ask about their lab methods as it is to ask about their prices.

By Lewis Baker, Source Water Technician


(724) 625-4260 Fax: (724) 625-3227

ROB TROMBOLD

Distributors & Representatives• Grinder Pumps • Pump Stations • Tanks • Filters

• Softeners • Controls • Water Supply & Booster SystemsE-mail: [email protected]

TROMBOLD EQUIPMENT CO., INC.P.O. BOX 897 • MARS, PA 16046

[email protected]

American Development Corporation

P.O. Box 385 • Vanceboro, NC 28586252-244-0782 800-842-0764

Chemical For Water / Wastewater / Industry


not just the time of the shutoff or repair process, but all the time needed to route the repair work order, schedule the repair, notify customers, and other activities.

The quality of leak repair work plays a significant role in the over-all leakage management effort. Quality of materials and quality of workmanship are two main fac-tors influencing the overall qual-ity of leak repairs. If the quality of leak repair is poor, then there is a good chance that leaks will re-cur at the location of the previous leak repair. In the worst case, poor repair quality might even result in the creation of new leaks.

In closing: leaks must be re-paired in a timely manner to en-sure that water losses are kept to a minimum. Many utilities do not always repair known leaks. I know

t is very important to repair water leaks to prevent further

loss of potable water and to pre-vent the severity of loss or danger to prop-erty and system com-ponents. The volume

of real losses stemming from re-ported and unreported leaks de-pends on the number of leaks, the operating system pressure, and probably most importantly the to-tal time the leak was permitted to run. All leaks are pressure depen-dent; more pressure equals greater leakage rates.

To reduce leak runtime, the util-ity needs to understand these three elements: awareness time, opera-tors to become aware that a leak exists which can be strongly influ-enced by the presence or absence of an active leak control program. Location time is the time taken to pinpoint the location of the leak once the operator is aware that it exists. Repair time is the time it takes to stop the leakage flow once the leak has been located. This is

I a utility that didn’t repair a known leak for three years and know of another leak that has leaked for over 3 years. The water loss from the leak that was finely repaired was estimated at 45 million gal-lons. Utility management said it wasn’t a priority; their priority was mowing grass, planting flow-ers and cleaning sidewalks. The impact of an improved repair pro-gram can be easily modeled. Not only must leakage be repaired, it must be done in a manner which will ensure that this particular leak will not recur in the short term. Unfortunately, quality of repair is an area which is sometimes over-looked. The time until leak repair is carried out will almost always have a large effect on the annual volume of real losses, whether it is leak repair from surfacing re-ported leaks or unreported leak-age which is located during a rou-tine leak survey. Many small leaks soon add up to one large leak.

Repairing Water Leaks In A Timely Manner

By Michael Hersman, Circuit Rider

All leaks are pressure dependent

CHRIS E. JARRETTDirector

Water Development Authority

180 Association Drive (304) 558-3612Charleston, WV 25311-1571 Fax: (304) 558-0299www.wvwda.org [email protected]



with people, motivate people and provide excellent customer service is an essential facet to an effective supervisor. Finally, the ability to understand the overall organization and the role and importance of the role of the organization in the future of the community will help to assure that the goals of the public service district are achieved.

Plant Operator. The Water Plant Operator is responsible for the ad-ministration, operation and main-tenance of the water treatment and pumping facilities. This person is charged with ensuring that an ad-equate supply of safe, potable water is produced for the needs of the sys-tem. Inspecting facilities and equip-ment on a regular basis is necessary to ensure the effective delivery of water to the community. The Op-erator maintains records of all ac-tivities pertaining to the production of potable water and completes and submits all necessary reports to reg-ulatory agencies. The Water Plant Operator may be asked to recom-mend improvements, additions and/or specifications for major equip-ment and material purchases. The Plant Operator is also typically re-sponsible for compliance with fed-eral and state regulations pertaining to the delivery of water.

Billing Clerk. The billing clerk is responsible for calculating and

n effective and efficient staff is another critical component

of a successful public service dis-trict. Although, as a board member, you may only need to be concerned with the responsibilities and perfor-mance of the general manager, it may help to understand the roles of other employees.

General Manager and/or Office Manager. A manager is someone who works through other people to get the job done. A manager plans, organizes, directs and controls work through a management process. This person is charged with the re-sponsibility of making sure that people, equipment, procedures and budgets all come together in an ef-fort to provide water services that meet regulatory requirements and community needs.

This person, considered the su-pervisor, should plan how to utilize resources of the organization in or-der to reach goals outlined by the board; organize the resources pro-vided for specific tasks; motivate staff to perform high quality work; and measure actual performance in relation to goals.

This person should exemplify ex-cellent technical skills. They should be able to use knowledge, methods and equipment to perform specific jobs. People skills are also a must. The ability and judgment to work

A mailing monthly service bills. The billing clerk normally collects pay-ments from customers and main-tains a detailed and accurate record of all charges and payments for each customer. The billing clerk also col-lects fees from new customers and receives fees for the installation of new taps. The billing clerk must maintain a record of receipts for each and every transaction in ac-cordance with accepted accounting principles. This individual should be very detail oriented and highly self-motivated. Accuracy and com-pleting tasks in a timely fashion are a must. Diplomacy, self-discipline, and strong communication skills are also needed as this position involves regular interaction with customers and features the possibility of con-frontation.

Receptionist. Primarily, the re-ceptionist greets visitors, answers incoming telephone calls, and re-ceives and forwards messages for staff members. The receptionist also assists with a number of office duties such as typing, filing, and the mailing of monthly customer state-ments. This is an important position, not only as a vital link for commu-nications within the organization, but in terms of public relations. The receptionist helps form the first im-pression customers develop about your system. Goodwill can be lost

Roles And Responsibilities Of District Employees

By Mary Hutson, H.E.L.P. Training Specialist


or gained through initial customer contact. Attention to detail and strong people skills are required for this job.

Equipment Operator. This in-dividual needs to be proficient, ex-perienced, and qualified in safely operating equipment such as a back-hoe, tractor, and dump truck. These items are regularly used in maintain-ing distribution systems and for the installation of new service lines and customer taps. The ideal equipment operator is very safety conscious and must adhere to all regulations for oc-cupational safety. This includes an excellent understanding of proper trenching procedures. The equip-ment operator must also be knowl-edgeable in the proper use of tools and in maintaining equipment as per manufacturer specifications. Proper maintenance contributes greatly to

safety and helps reduce repair costs for the system. It is important that the equipment operator work well with others and possess the ability to adhere to a work schedule that is determined by the General Manager. This position involves strong orga-nizational skills, as prior planning is required to complete a number of different tasks.

Maintenance Crew. Mainte-nance Crew members must be team players who are goal-oriented and willing to contribute where needed. A solid understanding of tools and construction site safety procedures are required for this position. The willingness to follow instruction and work well with others is a must. The maintenance crew member will sometimes be working in confined spaces and must be alert at all times. An understanding of water leak de-

tection and repair methods is also required for this job.

Meter Reader. The meter read-er is responsible for accurately re-cording the amount of water used by customers each month. This job involves personal inspection of each customer meter on a monthly basis. The meter reader must main-tain an up-to-date record for each customer and transmit this data to the billing clerk in a timely fashion. In many systems, the meter reader is responsible for installing, repairing, and replacing meters. This requires strict adherence to the standards pre-scribed by the West Virginia Public Service Commission for the mainte-nance of water meters.

Source: WVRWA, The Handbook for Public Service District Board Members, Chapter 13 Personnel Management




1712 PEnnSyLVAnIA AVEnuECHARLESTOn, WV 25302

304-346-0763 FAX 304-343-5498WV COnTRACTOR’S LICEnSE WV-2219

• A.S.M.E. CERTIFIED REPAIRS

• INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE

• SANDBLASTING & PAINTING

• EMERGENCY SERVICES

• FIELD ERECTED & SHOP BUILT

WATER STORAGE TANKS TO

AWWA D-100 SPECIFICATIONS

H PROVENH BEST BUY

H LONG LASTINGWELDED STEEL TANKSSINCE 1947



which he was working to cave in. Firefighters had to cut through a cement wall to retrieve the body.

2/17/97, Ridgeville OH - In-juries=1, Fatalities=? Accident type=Cave-in

A worker spent two hours im-mobilized by cold, wet clay from a trench cave-in, as rescue work-ers tried frantically to free him. He was laying sewer pipe at the time of the cave-in and was buried up to his neck with one arm free. With that arm, he began throwing rocks and screaming to get the at-tention of his co-workers some distance away. He was freed just as it became impossible for him to breath. He experienced numbness in his leg and was unable to walk. Doctors gave him a 50-50 chance of recovery.

All the injuries and deaths above have one thing in common, they could have been prevented!

l “I will just out run it.”l “My buddies watch the

ditch for me.”l “It will never happen to

me.”l“My operator always ramps

the ditch line back so it won’t cave in.”

These quotes are just a few heard out in the field. All these

people, and all who believe they are right, are go-ing to be very

lucky to have a long and prosper-

here didn’t appear to be any safety equipment in place to

protect a Radford man killed when a trench wall collapsed on him, the city’s fire chief said Monday. A ditch that caved in on a 23-year-old plumbing worker wasn’t shored up properly, a fire official said, causing Maryland’s sec-ond construction cave-in in three weeks.

9/24/95, Bloomfield Township MI -, Injuries=2, Fatalities=1, Ac-cident type=Cave-in

One worker died and two were injured when a dirt wall caved-in on them. The workers were con-structing a sewer when the acci-dent occurred.

4/3/96, West Haven uT - In-juries= 1, Fatalities=1, Accident type=Cave-in

A 19-year-old worker died when a 9-foot-deep trench dug for a water line caved in on him. His co-workers had dug him out by the time emergency medical personnel arrived, two minutes af-ter being summoned. He was not breathing, but they were able to restore a faint pulse, which faded on the way to the hospital. One rescue official said the death may have been due to crushing injuries rather than suffocation.

4/11/96, Chatsworth CA - In-juries=, Fatalities=1, Accident type=Cave-in

A worker died when a sewer line burst causing the trench in

T ous career in the water industry. OSHA rules state “Any open-earth trench or excavation that will have workers inside must be properly shored.” Read more: OSHA Shoring Depth Require-ments | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_7363782_osha-shor ing-dep th- requ i rements .html#ixzz1YKe6NuNQ nO WORKER SHOuLD EnTER An EXCAVATIOn unTIL IT IS PROPERLy SHORED

OVERVIEW: SOIL ME-CHAnICS

A number of stresses and defor-mations can occur in an open cut or trench. For example, increases or decreases in moisture content can adversely affect the stability of a trench or excavation. The following diagrams show some of the more frequently identified causes of trench failure.

A. Tension Cracks. Tension cracks usually form at a horizontal distance of 0.5 to 0.75 times the depth of the trench, measured from the top of the vertical face of the trench. See the ac-companying drawing for additional details.

FIGuRE 5:2-1. TEnSIOn CRACK.

Shoring

By Bertis M. McCarty, Circuit Rider


B. Sliding or sluffing may oc-cur as a result of tension cracks, as illustrated be-low.

FIGuRE 5:2-2. SLIDInG.

C. Toppling. In addition to sliding, tension cracks can cause toppling. Toppling occurs when the trench’s vertical face shears along the tension crack line and topples into the excava-tion.

FIGuRE 5:2-3. TOPPLInG.

D. Subsidence and Bulging. An unsupported excavation can create an unbalanced stress in the soil, which, in turn, causes subsidence at the surface and bulging of the vertical face of the trench. If uncorrected, this condition can cause face failure and entrapment of workers in the trench.

FIGuRE 5:2-4. SuBSID-EnCE AnD BuLGInG.

E. Heaving or Squeezing. Bottom heaving or squeez-ing is caused by the down-ward pressure created by the weight of adjoining soil. This pressure causes a bulge in the bottom of the cut, as illustrated in the drawing above. Heav-ing and squeezing can oc-cur even when shoring or shielding has been prop-erly installed.

FIGuRE 5:2-5. HEAVInG OR SQuEEZInG.

F. Boiling is evidenced by an upward water flow into the bottom of the cut. A high water table is one of the causes of boiling. Boiling produces a “quick” condi-tion in the bottom of the cut, and can occur even when shoring or trench boxes are used.

FIGuRE 5:2-6. BOILInG.

G. unit Weight of Soils refers to the weight of one unit of a particular soil. The weight of soil varies with

type and moisture content. One cubic foot of soil can weigh from 110 pounds to 140 pounds or more, and one cubic meter (35.3 cu-bic feet) of soil can weigh more than 3,000 pounds.

SHIELDInG TyPESTrench Boxes are different

from shoring because, instead of shoring up or otherwise supporting the trench face, they are intended primarily to protect workers from cave-ins and similar incidents. The excavated area between the out-side of the trench box and the face of the trench should be as small as possible. The space between the trench boxes and the excavation side are backfilled to prevent lat-eral movement of the box. Shields may not be subjected to loads ex-ceeding those which the system was designed to withstand.

TREnCH SHIELD

TREnCH SHIELD, STACKED


Combined use. Trench boxes are generally used in open areas, but they also may be used in com-bination with sloping and benching. The box should extend at least 18 in (0.45 m) above the surrounding area if there is sloping toward excava-tion. This can be accomplished by providing a benched area adjacent to the box.

Earth excavation to a depth of 2 ft (0.61 m) below the shield is per-mitted, but only if the shield is de-signed to resist the forces calculated for the full depth of the trench and there are no indications while the trench is open of possible loss of soil from behind or below the bot-tom of the support system. Condi-tions of this type require observation on the effects of bulging, heaving, and boiling as well as surcharging, vibration, adjacent structures, etc., on excavating below the bottom of a shield. Careful visual inspection of the conditions mentioned above is the primary and most prudent ap-proach to hazard identification and control.

DETERMInATIOn OF SOIL TyPE

OSHA categorizes soil and rock deposits into four types, A through D, as follows:

A. Stable Rock is natural solid mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact

while exposed. It is usually identi-fied by a rock name such as granite or sandstone. Determining whether a deposit is of this type may be dif-ficult unless it is known whether cracks exist and whether or not the cracks run into or away from the ex-cavation.

B. Type of Soils are cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot (tsf) (144 kPa) or greater. Examples of Type A cohesive soils are often: clay, silty clay, sandy clay, clay loam and, in some cases, silty clay loam and sandy clay loam. (No soil is Type A if it is fissured, is subject to vibration of any type, has previously been disturbed, is part of a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation on a slope of 4 horizontal to 1 vertical (4H:1V) or greater, or has seeping water.

C. Type B Soils are cohesive soils with an unconfined compres-sive strength greater than 0.5 tsf (48 kPa) but less than 1.5 tsf (144 kPa). Examples of other Type B soils are: angular gravel; silt; silt loam; previously disturbed soils un-

less otherwise classified as Type C; soils that meet the unconfined com-pressive strength or cementation re-quirements of Type A soils but are fissured or subject to vibration; dry unstable rock; and layered systems sloping into the trench at a slope less than 4H: 1V (only if the mate-rial would be classified as a Type B soil).

D. Type C Soils are cohesive soils with an unconfined compres-sive strength of 0.5 tsf (48 kPa) or less. Other Type C soils include granular soils such as gravel, sand and loamy sand, submerged soil, soil from which water is freely seeping, and submerged rock that is not sta-ble. Also included in this classifica-tion is material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or have a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H:1V) or greater.

E. Layered Geological Strata. Where soils are configured in layers, i.e., where a layered geologic struc-ture exists, the soil must be classified on the basis of the soil classification of the weakest soil layer. Each layer may be classified individually if a more stable layer lies below a less stable layer, i.e., where a Type C soil rests on top of stable rock.

Temporary Spoil. Temporary spoil must be placed no closer than 2 ft (0.61 m) from the surface edge of

BE SAFE – BE CAREFULL – ALWAYS USE SHORING!


the excavation, measured from the nearest base of the spoil to the cut. This distance should not be mea-sured from the crown of the spoil deposit. This distance requirement ensures that loose rock or soil from the temporary spoil will not fall on

employees in the trench. Spoil should be placed so that it

channels rainwater and other run-off water away from the excavation. Spoil should be placed so that it cannot accidentally run, slide, or fall back into the excavation.

Age, experience, skill, determina-tion or having a big ego is no match for soil that weighs 140 Lb.’s per cu-bic foot. You will never be fast enough to out run it when it comes down!

Please work with your supervi-sors to get shoring to help save lives in your district. I have been to a

co-workers funeral before and it is not a particularly good time. The district or municipality could share the cost with nearby water utilities to save money. A good time to pur-chase shoring is at the end of a water or sewer project with contingency money. Communicate your feelings about the importance of shoring so you do not become a statistic! Your family will thank you for it.

BE SAFE – BE CAREFuLL – ALWAyS uSE SHORInG!

Source: OSHA Technical Manual (OTM) and eHow.com

WWW.WVRWA.ORG


hy store your files where they are vulnerable to damage,

easily lost, take up hard drive space and impossible to access unless you’re at your computer? Put them online.

Why use an Online Storage Service?

If you’ve ever lost a disk or jump drive, or had your computer crash and important files vaporized, you know the benefit of having a backup of your files. In the past, we used file cabinets, briefcases, safety deposit boxes, fireproof safes, external hard drives, floppy disks, flash drives and other devices in an effort to preserve and protect our important documents and data. The need to securely store information still exists; however, there is a new option for safe storage that doesn’t involve a personal storage gadget that can get damaged or lost. Online storage services allow you to backup your files on the Internet where they are safe and easily accessed. Protect your important files from natural disasters, like fires and floods, from computer threats, like viruses, from theft, being lost or broken and other hazards. Share your files with friend’s family or the world. Online storage services make sharing easy and secure. Access your files anytime and anywhere.

W Never get caught without an important file again. With an online storage service, you can access your files from any computer with an Internet connection. Additionally, some services allow you to view and listen to your media within the service.

What to Look for in an Online Storage Service

There are many online storage services available. Your decision will largely depend on how much space you need and how often you want to access your information. Most services offer a free account so you can try the service before buying an account. Some services allow you to set scheduled backups. Though online storage services are very secure, nothing is full proof. It’s wise to keep a copy of important files on your computer where you can access them even if your internet connection goes down.

Below are some important criteria that should be looked at when choosing an online storage service:

FeaturesPractical features make uploading, storing, accessing and sharing your files easy. Online storage services should offer remote access, public and private file sharing, scheduled

Online Backups: What you need To Know

backup and a drag–and–drop window.SecuritySecurity is exceptionally important when storing data. Online storage services should offer encrypted file transfer and password protection.Storage Space/PriceThe top online storage services offer a lot of storage space for a reasonable price, free trial accounts and don’t charge setup fees.Ease of useOnline storage services should be user–friendly and not require a lot of instruction in order to upload and access files. Anyone should be able to learn the basic functions of the service in minutes.Help/SupportGood help and support is necessary with any service. Online storage services should provide self–help through FAQs, user manuals and tutorials. They should also provide customer support through email, phone or online chat.

Though there are many advantages to online storage, it will still take time for people to get used to storing files somewhere else, other than on their computer.

By Lamar Godbey, Information Specialist


Adrian PSDAlbright Water WorksAlpine Lake Public UtilitiesArmstrong PSDArthurdale SewerArthurdale WaterAthensBelingtonBellwood CommunityBelmontBenwoodBerkeley County PSDBerkeley County PSSDBerkeley Springs WaterBethany Sanitation BoardBeverlyBig Bend PSDBingamon PSDBirch River PSDBluewell PSDBolair PSDBoone County PSDBoone Raleigh PSDBradley PSDBradshawBramwellBranchland-Midkiff PSDBridgeportBrooke County PSDBruceton MillsBuckhannonBuffalo Creek PSDBurnsvilleCairoCaledonia HeightsCamden-On-GauleyCameronCapon BridgeCarpendaleCedar GroveCenter PSDCentral Barbour PSDCentral Hampshire PSDCentury Volga PSDChapmanvilleCharles TownCheat View PSDChelyan PSDChesapeake Sanitary BoardChesterChestnut Ridge PSDClarksburg Water BoardClayClay Battelle PSDClay County PSDClay Roane PSDClaywood Park PSDClinton Water Assoc.Clover PSDColfax PSDCoolfont Mountainside Assoc.Cool Ridge-Flat Top PSDCoon’s Run PSDCottageville PSDCowen PSDCraigsville PSDCrum PSDCulloden PSDDanese PSDDavisDavy Municipal Water WorksDelbartonDenver Water Assoc.Downs PSD

Dunbar Sanitary BoardEastern Wyoming PSDEast View PSDEleanorElizabethElkinsElkins Road PSDEllenboro-Lamberton PSDEnlarged Hepzibah PSDFairviewFarmingtonFenwick Mountain PSDFlatwoods Canoe Run PSDFollansbeeFountain PSDFrankfort PSDFranklinFriendly PSDGaryGauley River PSDGilbert WaterGilmer County PSDGlasgowGlen DaleGlen Rogers PSDGlenvilleGrandview-Doolin PSDGrant County PSDGrant PSDGrant Town WaterGrantsvilleGreater Harrison PSDGreater St. Albans PSDGreen Valley-Glenwood PSDGreenbrier County PSD #1Greenbrier County PSD #2Hammond PSDHamrick PSDHancock Co. PSDHardy County PSDHarmanHarpers FerryHarpers Ferry-Bolivar PSDHarrisvilleHartfordHillsboroHinton Sanitary BoardHodgesville PSDHughes River Water BoardHundred Littleton PSDHurricaneHuttonsvilleHuttonsville PSDIce’s Run PSDJane Lew PSDJefferson County PSDJuniorKanawha Falls PSDKenova MunicipalKeyserKingmill Valley PSDKingwoodLavalette PSDLeadsville PSDLewisburgLincoln Heights Improvement AssociationLincoln PSDLittle Creek PSDLoganLogan County PSDLubeck PSDLumberportMalden PSD

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RansonRavencliff-McGraws-Saulsville PSDRavenswoodRed Sulphur PSDReedyRichwoodRidgeleyRipleyRiver Road PSDRomneyRonceverteRoute 16 Water Corp.RowlesburgRupertSalt Rock Sewer PSDScott’s Run PSDShepherdstownShinnstonShort Line PSDSissonville PSDSistersvilleSouthwestern Water PSDSouthern Jackson PSDSpencerStar CitySt. Albans MUCSt. MarysStonewoodSugar Creek PSDSummersvilleSummit Park PSDSun Valley PSDTaylor County PSDTennerton PSDTerra AltaThomasTomlinson PSDTriadelphiaTri County Water Assoc.Tunnelton Water WorksUnionUnion Williams PSDUpper Kanawha Valley PSDValley Falls PSDViennaVillage of Beech BottomVillage of BethlehemVillage of Valley GroveWalton PSDWardensvilleWarm Springs PSDWashington Pike PSDWayneWebster Spring PSDWeirtonWelchWellsburgWest HamlinWest Milford WaterWeston Sanitary BoardWestover SanitaryWest UnionWetzel County PSD #1Whitehall PSDWhite Oak PSDWhite Sulphur SpringsWhitmer Water Assoc.Wilderness PSDWilliamstownWinfield Sanitary BoardWoods Homeowners Assoc.

VOTInG MEMBERS


WVRWA Associate Members - Winter, 2011 *Associate Member • **Sponsoring Associate Member*** Sustaining Associate Member

Accounting/FinAnciAl

*Bassett & Lowe1156 South Main StreetMilton, WV 25541Phone: (304) 743-5573See Our Ad Page 22

*Griffith & Associates, CPA’s950 Little Coal River RoadAlum Creek, WV 25003Phone: (304) 756-3600See Our Ad Page 54

*Raymond James & Associates530 Laidley TowerCharleston, WV 25311Phone: (304) 346-7981See Our Ad Page 48

*Ross, Sinclaire & Associates400 Democrat DriveFrankford, Ky 40601Phone: (502) 695-7353See Our Ad Page 32

AttoRneys

*Bowles Rice McDavid Graff & Love, LLPP.O. Box 1386Charleston, WV 25325Phone: (304) 347-1100See Our Ad Page 9

*Goodwin & Goodwin300 Summers StreetCharleston, WV 25301Phone: (304) 346-7000See Our Ad Page 54

*James V. Kelsh, EsquireP.O. Box 3713Charleston, WV 25337Phone: (304) 343-1654See Our Ad Page 33

***Jackson Kelly PLLCP.O. Box 553Charleston, WV 25322Phone: (304) 340-1000See Our Ad Page 4

**Pullin Fowler & Flanagan, PLLC2414 Cranberry SquareMorgantown, WV 26508Phone: (304) 225-2200See Our Ad page 46

*Robert R. RodeckerP.O. Box 3713Charleston, WV 25337Phone: (304) 343-1654See Our Ad Page 37

**Spilman, Thomas & BattleSpilman CenterP.O. Box 273Charleston, WV 25321Phone: (304) 340-3867See Our Ad Page 58

***Steptoe & JohnsonP.O. Box 2190, Bank One CenterClarksburg, WV 26302-2190Phone: (304) 624-8000See Our Ad Page 60

insuRAnce

***Bill Bailey Insurance Agency, Inc.P.O. Box 246Williamstown, WV 26187Phone: (304) 375-4900See Our Ad Page 59

bAnks

**Huntington Banks900 Lee Street EastCharleston, WV 25301Phone: (304) 348-4557

consultAnts

*Anderson & Associates, Inc.93 Virginia StreetBeckley, WV 25801Phone: (304) 461-0020See Our Ad Page 37

*Boyles & HildrethP.O. Box 614Spencer, WV 25276Phone: (304) 927-4574See Our Ad Page 54

*Burgess & niple, Inc.4424 Emerson AvenueParkersburg, WV 26104Phone: (304) 485-8541See Our Ad Page 54

*Cerrone & Associates, Inc.401 Main StreetWheeling, WV 26003Phone: (304) 232-5550See Our Ad Page 46

*Chapman Technical Group200 Sixth AvenueSt. Albans, WV 25177Phone: (304) 727-5501See Our Ad Page 28

*Dunn Engineers, Inc.400 South Ruffner RoadCharleston, WV 25314Phone: (304) 342-3436See Our Ad Page 20

***E.L. Robinson Engr. Co.5088 Washington St., WestCharleston, WV 25313Phone: (304) 776-7473See Our Ad Page 38

*Geary Associates106 North Main StreetPetersburg, WV 26847Phone: (304) 257-2022See Our Ad Page 44

*Ghosh Engineers, Inc.4710 Chimney Dr., Suite ACharleston, WV 25302Phone: (304) 343-5300See Our Ad Page 46

*Gilson Engineering, Co.400 Allen DriveCharleston, WV 25302Phone: (304) 342-0012See Our Ad Page 40

*Greenhorne & O’Mara111 Elkins St.Fairmont, WV 26554Phone: (304) 367-9401See Our Ad Page 44

*Gwin, Dobson & Foreman, Inc.3121 Fairway Drive, Suite BAltoona, PA 16602-4475Phone: (814) 943-5214See Our Ad Page 40

*Hatch Mott MacDonald405 Capitol Street, Suite 906Charleston, WV 25301Phone: (304) 356-3010See Our Ad Page 44

*Hazen & Sawyer, P.c.11311 Cornell Park Dr., Suite 135Cincinnati, OH 45242Phone: (513) 469-2750

***Hornor Brothers EngineersP.O. Box 386Clarksburg, WV 26302Phone: (304) 624-6445See Our Ad Page 52

*Kappe Associates, Inc.4268 Northern PikeMonroeville, PA 15146-2733Phone: (412) 393-9303See Our Ad Page 55

**Pentree, Inc.P.O. Box 1309Princeton, WV 24740Phone: (304) 431-7800See Our Ad Page 3

*Potesta & Associates, Inc.7012 MacCorkle Avenue, S.E.Charleston, WV 25304Phone: (304) 342-1400See Our Ad Page 3

*Randolph Engineering Co.P.O. Box 346Scott Depot, WV 25560Phone: (304) 757-9217

**Rummel, Klepper & Kahl, LLPOne Grand Central Park, Suite 2040Keyser, WV 26726Phone: (304) 788-3370See Our Ad Page 10

*S & S Engineers, Inc.501 Eagle Mountain RoadCharleston, WV 25311Phone: (304) 342-7168See Our Ad Page 24

*Stafford Consultants, Inc.P.O. Box 5849Princeton, WV 24740Phone: (304) 425-9555See Our Ad Page 33

*Terradon CorporationP.O. Box 519Nitro, WV 25143Phone: (304) 755-8291See Our Ad Page 33

***Thrasher Engineering, Inc.P.O. Box 1532Clarksburg, WV 26302Phone: (304) 624-4108See Our Ad Page 56

***Triad Engineering4980 Teays Valley RoadSt. Albans, WV 25177Phone: (304) 755-0721See Our Ad Page 51

contRActoRs

*D&S ContractorsP.O. Box 6635Ashland, VA 23005Phone: (804) 752-6737See Our Ad Page 24

**Welding, Inc.P.O. Box 6009Charleston, WV 25362Phone: (304) 346-0763See Our Ad Page 61

Laboratories

**Analabs, Inc.P.O. Box 1235Crab Orchard, WV 25827Phone: (304) 255-4821See Our Ad Page 16



*Blue Earth Labs, LLC10120 West Flamingo RoadSuite 4-143Las Vegas, NV 89147Phone: (913) 583-9916

**REI ConsultantsP.O. Box 286Beaver, WV 25813Phone: (800) 999-0105See Our Ad Page 26

*Reliance Laboratories, Inc.P.O. Box 625, Benedum Airport Ind. ParkBridgeport, WV 26330Phone: (304) 842-5285See Our Ad Page 28

*Standard Environmental147 Eleventh AvenueSouth Charleston, WV 25303Phone: (304) 755-0536 xt. 216See Our Ad Page 33

Services and Products

*American AVK Company7241 Peppermill ParkwayNorth Charleston, SC 29418Phone: (843) 552-5557See Our Ad Page 33

***American Cast Iron Pipe/ American Flow Control2581 Washington RoadSuite 220-222Pittsburgh, PA 15241Phone: (412) 851-1230See Our Ad Page 8

**American Development Corp.1830 Pulaski Hwy., P.O. Box 620Fayetteville, TN 37334Phone: (888) 542-8561See Our Ad Page 54

*AnuaP.O. Box 77457Greensboro, NC 27417Phone: (336) 547-9338See Our Ad Page 44

**Appalachian Software, Inc.44 Amber WayScott Depot, WV 25560Phone: (304) 757-1260See Our Ad Page 48

*Aqueous Sales, Inc.13630 Hailsham CircleMidlothian, VA 23113Phone: (804) 379-0019See Our Ad Page 54

*Atlantic MachineryP.O. Box 3566Chester, VA 23841Phone: (804) 590-0100See Our Ad Page 33

*Aulick Chemical Solutions, Inc.111 Patton CourtNicholasville, KY 40356Phone: (859) 881-5422See Our Ad Page 27

*Baker CorporationP.O. Box 369Institute, WV 25112Phone: (304) 932-5189

*BBu Services of WV, LLCP.O. Box 169Kenna, WV 25248Phone: (304) 372-8192See Our Ad Page 44

*Bissnuss, Inc.Olde Courthouse Bldg., Suite 210Canfield, OH 44406Phone: (330) 533-5531See Our Ad Page 28

**Boerger, LLC740 Harding Street, N.E.Minneapolis, MN 55413Phone: (612) 435-7301

*Brenntag Mid-South, Inc.319 1st Street, NorthSt. Albans, WV 25177Phone: (406) 443-6490See Our Ad Page 18

*CDM2740 Smallman St., Suite 100Pittsburgh, PA 15222Phone: (412) 201-5500See Our Ad Page 17

*Charles Morrow Association, LLC99 Edmiston Way, Suite 202Buckhannon,WV 26201Phone: (304) 472-9005

***C.I. Thornburg Co., Inc.4034 Altizer AvenueHuntington, WV 25705Phone: (800) 999-3484See Our Ad Page 6

*Control Equipment Co.P.O. Box 862Salem, VA 24153Phone: (800) 572-3220See Our Ad Page 14

*Crescent & Sprague Supply1100 Greene StreetMarietta, OH 45750Phone: (740) 373-9007See Our Ad Page 22

**Daman-Superior, LLCP.O. Box 709Carnegie, PA 15106Phone: (412) 279-1210See Our Ad Page 37

*DAS Group305 Plum Industrial CourtPittsburgh, PA 15239Phone: (724) 327-8979See Our Ad Page 11

*Dreier & Maller, Inc.6508 Taylor Rd. S.W.Reynoldsburg, OH 43068Phone: (614) 575-0065See Our Ad Page 48

*Dutchland, Inc.P.O. Box 549Gap, PA 17527Phone: (717) 442-8282See Our Ad Page 54

*Eagle Research Corporation4237 State Rt. 34Hurricane, WV 25526Phone: (304) 757-6565See Our Ad Page 11

*Earth Vector SystemsP.O. Box 6277Charlottesville, VA 22906Phone: (484) 817-5010See Our Ad Page 33

*Elster Amco Water1100 S.W. 38th AvenueOcala, FL 34474Phone: (352) 369-6522

*Ferguson EnterprisesNo. 2 Turnpike IndustrialPrinceton, WV 24740Phone: (276) 639-9001

*Ferguson Waterworks2800 7th AvenueCharleston, WV 25312Phone: (304) 746-4440 See Our Ad Page 20

*Ford Meter Box CompanyP.O. Box 443Wabash, IN 46992-0443Phone: (260) 563-3171See Our Ad Page 22

*Godwin Pumps of America5329 Sissonville DriveCharleston, WV 25312Phone: (304) 984-0200See Our Ad Page 24

*Golden Equipment Co., Inc.393 Mars Valencia Rd.Mars, PA 16046Phone: (724) 625-3100See Our Ad Page 17

*H&S ControlsRt. 5 Box 716Grafton, WV 26354Phone: (304) 265-4433See Our Ad Page 44

*H.D. Supply Waterworks, Dunbar2825 Fairlawn Ave.Dunbar, WV 25064Phone: (304) 768-0086See Our Ad Page 46

*H.D. Supply Waterworks, MartinsburgP.O. Box 764Martinsburg, WV 25402Phone: (304) 263-6986 See Our Ad Page 22

**Horney Industrial ElectronicsP.O. Box 700Bridgeville, DE 19933(302) 337-3600See Our Ad Page 46

**HSC Industrial300 Rural Acres DriveBeckley, WV 25801(304) 252-1918See Our Ad Page 24

*Hydro Designs, Inc.5700 Crooks Road, Suite 100Troy, MI 48098(800) 690-6651

*JCM Industries, Inc.P.O. Box 1220Nash, TX 75569Phone: (903) 832-2581See Our Ad Page 11

*Learco EquipmentP.O. Box 12730Pittsburgh, PA 15241Phone: (412) 221-4888See Our Ad Page 24

*Leslie Equipment Co.19 Goff Crossing DriveCross Lanes, WV 25313Phone: (304) 204-1818See Our Ad Page 32



*Lewis Municipal Sales651 Hawthorne DriveCarmel, IN 46033Phone: (317) 566-9289See Our Ad Page 22

*Master Meter Systems961 Beasley St., Suite 107Lexington, KY 40509Phone: (859) 263-2959See Our Ad Page 9

*Master Meter, Inc.101 Regency ParkwayMansfield, TX 76063Phone: (800) 765-6518See Our Ad Page 20

**A. y. McDonald Mfg. Co. P.O. Box 508Dubuque, IA 52004Phone: (800) 292-2737See Our Ad Page 10

*Metron-Farnier, LLC5665 Airport Blvd.Boulder, CO 80301Phone: (303) 449-8833

**Mid Atlantic Storage Systems, Inc.1551 Robinson RoadWashington C.H., OH 43160Phone: (740) 335-2019See Our Ad Page 22

**Mid Atlantic Valve & Equipment800 North Bell AvenueCarnegie, PA 15106Phone: (412) 278-2221

**Mid-State Automotive Group2040 Sutton LaneSutton, WV 26601Phone: (304) 765-3988

*Miss utility of West Virginia2323 Windham RoadSouth Charleston, WV 25303Phone: (304) 345-3959See Our Ad Page 27

**Moody and Associates, Inc.11548 Cotton RoadMeadville, PA 16335Phone: (800) 836-5040See Our Ad Page 16

**Mountaineer Computer SystemsP.O. Box 982Lewisburg, WV 24901Phone: (304) 392-5018See Our Ad Page 21

*Mountaineer Industrial Services261 Commerce DriveBeaver, WV 25813Phone: (304) 250-0939

*M.S. Jacobs & Associates, Inc.P.O. Box 127Dunbar, WV 25064Phone: (304) 343-8906See Our Ad Page 37

*Mueller Company4119 Whitford Circle #408Glen Allen, WV 23060Phone: (304) 527-0286See Our Ad Page 14

**natgun Corporation3964 Brown Park Dr., Suite BHilliard, OH 43026Phone: (614) 777-9886See Our Ad Page 21

**national Road utility Supply, Inc.P.O. Box AValley Grove, WV 26060Phone: (304) 547-0101See Our Ad Page 20

*neptune Technology Group1600 Alabama Highway 229Tallassee, AL 36078Phone: (803) 243-0421See Our Ad Page 46

*Oldcastle Precast, Inc./Packaged Systems, Inc.P.O. Box 13399Sissonville, WV 25360Phone: (304) 984-3333See Our Ad Page 40

*Orenco Systems Inc.814 Airway AvenueSutherlin, OR 97479Phone: (800) 348-9843See Our Ad Page 18

*Perma-Patch6123 Oakleaf AvenueBaltimore, MD 21215(410) 764-7117See Our Ad Page 18

*Pittsburg Tank & Tower Co.P.O. Box 913Henderson, KY 42419(270) 826-9000See Our Ad Page 28

*John P. Place, Inc.90 Clairton BoulevardPittsburgh, PA 15236Phone: (304) 343-2607See Our Ad Page 18

***Precision Pump & Valve517 Old Goff Mt. RoadCross Lanes, WV 25313Phone: (304) 776-1710See Our Ad Inside Front Cover

*QK4802 B StreetSaint Albans, WV 25177Phone: (304) 201-8980See Our Ad Page 44

*Romac Industries21919 20th Avenue S.E.Bothell, WA 98021Phone: (800) 426-9341See Our Ad Page 20

*Sal Chemical Co., Inc.3036 Birch DriveWeirton, WV 26062Phone: (304) 748-8200See Our Ad page 40

*Seepex, Inc.1011 Tioga Ct.Springfield, OH 45502Phone: (937) 474-5052See Our Ad Page 22

*Sensus uSA, Inc.119 Evans StreetUniontown, PA 15401Phone: (724) 438-0937See Our Ad Page 28

***Service Pump & Supply Co.4446 Waverly RoadHuntington, WV 25704Phone: (304) 429-6731See Our Ad Inside Back Cover

*Shafer, Troxell & Howe, Inc.97 Monocacy Blvd.Frederick, MD 21701Phone: (301) 682-3390

*Sherwin Williams Industrial1208 W. Main StreetBridgeport, WV 26330Phone: (304) 363-0049See Our Ad Page 32

*Smith & Brooks, Inc.P.O. Box 1907Charleston, WV 25327Phone: (304) 755-9292

**Southern Corrosion, Inc.738 Thelma Rd.Roanoke, NC 27870Phone: (252) 535-1777See Our Ad Page 61

*State Equipment Inc.P.O. Box 3939Charleston, WV 25339Phone: (304) 776-4405See Our Ad Page 32

*Team Industrial Services1879 Kanawha Two Mile RoadCharleston, WV 25313Phone: (304) 344-0477See Our Ad Page 33

*Tepco Equipment Co., Inc.P.O. Box 897Mars, PA 16046Phone: (724) 625-4260See Our Ad Page 54

***uSABlueBookP.O. Box 9005Gurnee, IL 60031-9005Phone: (847) 291-7000See Our Ad Back Cover

*utility Solutions, Inc.327 Curtis St.Delaware, OH 43015Phone: (740) 369-4300See Our Ad Page 44

*Valtronics, Inc.P.O. Box 490Ravenswood, WV 26164Phone: (304) 273-5356See Our Ad Page 3

*Vermeer of West Virginia5900 MacCorkle AvenueSt. Albans, WV 25177Phone: (304) 768-5965See Our Ad Page 22

**Walker Engine Power112 Carbide DriveBelle, WV 25015Phone: (304) 949-1600See Our Ad Page 46

*Water Development Authority180 Association DriveCharleston, WV 25311Phone: (304) 558-3612See Our Ad Page 55

*Watertite, Inc.6 Hill Top Rd.Grantsville, PA 17028(717) 469-0058See Our Ad Page 37

*W.C. Weil CompanyP.O. Box 7144Charleston, WV 25256-0144Phone: (304) 776-5665See Our Ad Page 46


InDIVIDuAL MEMBERS

Big Bear Lake CamplandsBishop Hodges Pastoral Center

Mountain Waterworks

nOn-COMMunITy MEMBERSNational Radio Astronomy Observatory

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Bayer Material Science, Inc.Blackwater Falls State ParkCanaan Valley State Park

Cass Scenic RR State ParkCheat Mountain Water CompanyGlobal Capital of World Peace

AFFILIATE MEMBERSThe Greenbrier Hotel Corp.

Mettiki Coal (WV) LLCNewell CompanySeneca State Park

Twin Falls State Park

WVRWA Welcomes new Members

Voting MembersLumberport, Town of

Leslie AdkinsJohn Allen, Jr.Douglas AmosSamuel AndersonLewis BakerTimothy BarkerTimothy BennettGregory BoydRocky BraggStuart Bruce

Eric BumgardnerMike BurkardtSamuel CallawayJames CanterburyJohn CobbDavid ColeLoretta CovingtonStephan CremannRobert CritesCharles Crow

Kevin DuddingDwayne DuffieldClyde EmighChet FlemingSpencer FoxTed GarnerSamme GeeMichael GianniniKevin HamrickCalvin Hatfield

James HerronMike KessingerRobert KeyDanny KirkJason KnowlesBill LanhamCline LarckJerry MethenyDouglas MilesGrover Moore

Mike NewtonJeffrey NutterRichard OhalekDwain PlaceJearl RamseyMark RiggsbyBill SaundersRichard SayersRobert SmithJay Springer

Matthew StanleyFred StottlemyerDavid ThomasFrank WelchBobby WhetzelGary WilsonPeggy WolfordLouis WootenGary Young

Individual MembersJohn E. Cobb

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Affiliate MembersBlackwater Falls State Park

Associate MembersHydro Designs, Inc.

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FFIIEELLDD SSEERRVVIICCEE –– 2244 HHOOUURRSS –– 77 DDAAYYSS AA WWEEEEKK

FFAACCTTOORRYY TTRRAAIINNEEDD TTEECCHHNNIICCIIAANNSS

•• LLaasseerr AAlliiggnnmmeenntt •• CCoonnttrrooll RReeppaaiirr ((ssoolliidd ssttaattee && VVFFDD)) •• FFllooww AAnnaallyyssiiss ((nnoonn--iinnttrruussiivvee)) •• DDyynnaammiicc BBaallaanncciinngg •• PPuummpp IInnssttaallllaattiioonn ((vveerrttiiccaall && hhoorriizzoonnttaall)) •• MMoottoorr RReeppaaiirr && MMaaiinntteennaannccee •• SSyysstteemm EEvvaalluuaattiioonn •• PPuummpp RReeppaaiirr && MMaaiinntteennaannccee

WWAARRRRAANNTTYY OONN AALLLL OOFF OOUURR WWOORRKK

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SERVICE PUMP & SUPPLY, INC. 11--880000--448800--77886677

FFIIEELLDD SSEERRVVIICCEE –– 2244 HHOOUURRSS –– 77 DDAAYYSS AA WWEEEEKK

FFAACCTTOORRYY TTRRAAIINNEEDD TTEECCHHNNIICCIIAANNSS

•• LLaasseerr AAlliiggnnmmeenntt •• CCoonnttrrooll RReeppaaiirr ((ssoolliidd ssttaattee && VVFFDD))•• FFllooww AAnnaallyyssiiss ((nnoonn--iinnttrruussiivvee)) •• DDyynnaammiicc BBaallaanncciinngg•• PPuummpp IInnssttaallllaattiioonn ((vveerrttiiccaall && hhoorriizzoonnttaall)) •• MMoottoorr RReeppaaiirr && MMaaiinntteennaannccee•• SSyysstteemm EEvvaalluuaattiioonn •• PPuummpp RReeppaaiirr && MMaaiinntteennaannccee

WWAARRRRAANNTTYY OONN AALLLL OOFF OOUURR WWOORRKK

PRESORT STDU.S. POSTAGE

P A I DCHARLESTON, WVPERMIT NO. 1013

WEST VIRGINIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION100 YOUNG STREET

SCOTT DEPOT, WV 255601-800-339-4513

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Documents

MOUNTAIN STATE WATER L · Fundamentals Of Leak Detection There are several benefits of proactive leak detection. By Michael Hersman, Circuit Rider. 6 MOUNTAIN STATE WATER LINE. MOUNTAIN