MOTORISED Press Durga Poly 2016

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    ABRICATION O MOTORISED

    PUNCHING MACHINE

    Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award

    DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

    SUBMITTED BY:

    1. D. VADIVEL 4. K. VIMAL KUMAR

    2. G. MOHANAM 5. A. VENKATESAN

    3. K. ANBU 6. P. SARAVANAN

    Under guidance of

    S.N. SUNDAR, M.E.

    N!EMBE" #$%$

    DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING .

    A.M.K TECHNOLOGICAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

    CHENNAI 602103

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    A.M.K TECHNOLOGICAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

    CHENNAI- BANGALORE ROAD

    SEMBARAMBAKKAM

    CHENNAI 602103

    BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

    Thi& i& to certif' that thi& (ro)ect wor* on

    +FABRICATION OF MOTORISED PUNCHING MACHINE,

    &ubmitted b' -------- -----. "eg. No. -----

    in partial fulfillment for the award of

    DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

    Thi& i& the bonafide record of wor* carried out b' him under our &uper/i&ion

    during the 'ear #$%$

    Submitted for the !i/a0/oce e1am held on -----..

    2..D ("3E4T 5UIDE

    INTE"N67 E86MINE" E8TE"N67 E86MINE"

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    6t the out&et9 we would li*e to empha&ie our &incere than*& to the

    (rincipal Mr. R.. K!MAR" M.E.F.I.E" M.I.S.T.Efor encouragement and

    /aluable ad/ice.

    we than* our E&quired 2ead of Department Mr. R. RAK!MAR" M.E.for

    pre&enting hi& felication& on u&.

    ;e are grateful on our Entourage& Mr. S.N. S!NDAR" M..E.

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    CONTENTS

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    CONTENTS

    426(TE" N. TIT7E

    %. INT"DU4TIN

    #. SYN(SIS

    =. S4(E 6ND IM("T6N4E

    ?. B3E4TI!ES

    @. SE7E4TIN < ("3E4T

    A. 4NST"U4TIN

    . ;">IN5 ("IN4I(7E

    C. M6IN (6"TS 6ND DES4"I(TIN

    . DES4"I(TIN < T2E 4M(NENT

    %$. 6D!6NT65ES

    %%. 4ST ESTIM6TIN

    %#. 4N47USIN

    %=. BIBI75"6(2Y

    %?. (2T!IE;

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    INTROD!CTION

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    INTROD!CTION

    Thi& pro)ect concentrate& on pro/iding de&cription& of all the ba&ic

    operating principle& and de&ign of &olar cell.

    In our technical education the pro)ect wor* pla'& a ma)or role. E/er'

    &tudent i& put in to &imulate life particularl' where the &tudent required

    bringing hi& *nowledge9 &*ill and e1perience of the pro)ect wor*.

    It help& how to e/ol/e &pecification& under gi/en con&train& b'

    &'&tematic approach to the problem a con&truct a wor* de/ice. (ro)ect wor*

    thu& integrate& /ariou& &*ill& and *nowledge attainment during &tud' and

    gi/e& orientation toward& application.

    6& the &tudent& &ol/e the /ariou& problem& e1po&ed b' the pro)ect

    wor*9 the &tudent& get the confidence to o/ercome &uch problem& in the

    future life. It help& in e1panding the thin*ing and alternati/e& for future

    application&.

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    SYN(SIS

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    SYNOPSIS

    (re&& wor*ing technique& utiliing large quantitie& of economical

    tooling equipment de&ign and it quic*l'9 accuratel' and economicall' cold

    wor*ing of mild &teel and other ductile material&. The component produced

    range o/er an e1tremel' wide field and i& u&ed throughout indu&tr' foreconomical production of quantitie& of pre&&ing con&ideration ha& to be

    gi/en to the rate of production. The co&t of the pre&& tool to be emplo'ed .

    (re&& ma' be defined a& the chip le&& manufacturing proce&& b' which

    /ariou& component& are made from &heet. Mo&tl' pre&& u&e fabricated part&

    of incite &hape with thin wall&. It u&e& large force b' pre&& tool& far &hort

    time inter/al

    which re&ult& in cutting a &haping the &heet metal . In the earl' da'&9 metal

    forming pre&& u&e &imple cran* and le/er mechani&m that con/ert rotating

    motion into linear motion with the help of punchFram. The rotating motion

    achie/ed b' motor and linear motion achie/ed b' punch or ram9

    punch applied on wor*piece .

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    SCOPE ANDIMPORTANCE OF

    PROECT WORK

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    SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF PROECT WORK

    Enable& to &how the intrin&ic *nowledge of the indi/idual.

    Enable& to de/elop the abilit' of the de&igning and de/eloping factor&

    and it& application&.

    Enable& to induce the collection of technical data and other related

    &tandard data from the wor*.

    Enable& to appl' the technique& of method &tud' and time &tud'.

    Enable& to ha/e a complete *nowledge of the particular wor* which

    the' ha/e de&igned and fabricated.

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    OBECTI#ES

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    OBECTI#ES

    The following are the main ob)ecti/e& of our pro)ect

    To pro/ide Smart hole and good bore fini&h.

    To manufacture /ariou& &ie& of punch machine.

    Un&*illed 7abour i& &ufficient

    To co/er more area with minimum con&umption of operational time.

    To impro/e entrepreneurial &*ill&

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    SELECTION OF

    PROECT

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    SELECTION OF PROECT

    Modern indu&trie& and bu&ine&& e&tabli&hment ha& become /er'

    comple1 and competiti/e in ma*ing up of machine& ba&ed on their own

    *nowledge and &*ill.

    ;e preferred to ma*e the motoried punching machine9 which i&

    &imple in con&truction and de&ign. It can be u&ed in &mall &cale indu&trial9

    dome&tic and pla' ground.. Thi& unit require onl' %#!D4 electrical

    power..

    Mo&t of them prefer for machine with le&& co&t and more life. The

    (unching machine i& made up of mild &teel material and coated with

    primer. The unit can ea&' to operate and i& harmle&& to people who ma*e&

    them and al&o who u&e& them.

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    CONSTR!CTION

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    CONSTR!CTION

    Thi& unit con&i&t& of

    %G rotating cran*

    #G D4 Motor with built in &peed reduction gear

    bo1

    =G "otating &haft with plummer bloc* &upport

    ?G M.S.

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    DC M$%$r &'%( )*'+% ', // r/*%'$, /r )$4

    Thi& D4 motor i& &hunt t'pe %#! D4 motor. Thi& motor i& ha/ing built

    in t'pe &peed reduction gear bo1 unit. It ha& high torque and low &peed

    capacit'. The electrical &uppl' to the motor i& from %# ! D4 power &uppl'.

    The D4 Motor dri/e& the chain wheel and gene/a wheel mechani&m.

    http://www.globalspec.com/datasheets/2353/AlliedMotionTechnologies/46F2F292-6B04-4195-A266-E98405FCE0EA
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    Cr,5 , $,,/%', r$ /(,'7

    6 cran*&haft ha& one Hor moreG off&et &ection& where a connecting rod i&

    attached r$*,it. The connecting rod mo/e& bac*0and0forth Hor up0and0

    downG ONCEfor e/er' rotation of the cran*&haft. The cran* will alwa'&

    mo/e in a circle9 mo/ing the connecting rod in a &mooth &ine wa/e li*e

    motion. The power can flow in either direction. That i&9 the cran*&haft can

    dri/e the connecting rod9 or the connecting rod can dri/e the cran*&haft.

    3.Fr/ S%,

    Thi& ba&e frame &tand made in #@mm 1#@ mm 1 =mm M.S. l angle and i&

    u&ed to hold the entire mechani&m and &upport the motor al&o.

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    PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR

    6 D4 motor i& a dc machine wor*ing a& a motor to con/ert dc

    electrical energ' into mechanical energ' HdcG motor are /er' commonl' u&ed

    in car&9 truc*&9 aircraft&9 etc. The' are al&o u&ed in large rating&9 where wide

    range of &peed control i& nece&&ar'.

    ;hen a conductor i& carried a current and in l'ing in magnetic filed.

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    RATINGS OF MOTOR

    Motor& are rated b' their /oltage9 current draw9 output &peed9 and torque.

    O/r%', #$+%/

    Operating voltage&pecifie& the nominal HnormalG /oltage the manufacturer

    recommend& for the motor. Mo&t &mall D4 motor& are de&igned for %.@ to %#

    /olt operation9 with the ma)orit' in the =0A /olt range. 7arger D4 motor&

    de&igned for hea/'0dut' application& u&uall' require %# to #? /olt&9 with

    &ome needing upward& of $ /olt&. ften9 but not alwa'&9 the higher the

    /oltage9 the more powerful the motor Hthi& doe& not appl' to &tepper motor&9

    where /er' low /oltage& on the order of )u&t a few /olt& are common

    for hea/'0dut' motor&G. Mo&t motor& can be run at operating /oltage& higher

    or lower than the &pecified rating.

    7ower /oltage& reduce torque and &peed.

    2igher /oltage& increa&e torque and &peed.

    HNote:

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    Current drawi& the amount of current9 &pecified in milliamp& or amp&9 that

    the motor require& to produce a certain amount of torque. Motor& con&ume

    different amount& of current depending on how the' are operated:

    No-load. 6 motor that doe&nJt ha/e an'thing attached to it& &haft

    i&nJt doing an' wor*9 and i& &aid to be free0running. No0load current

    tend& to be /er' low.

    Load. 6& the motor doe& wor*9 it& load and current draw increa&e&.

    Manufacturer& rate the current draw under load u&ing different

    &tandard&9 ma*ing it hard to )udge a motor u&ing thi& &pecification

    alone.

    Stalled. ;hen the motor &haft &top& rotating9 it +&tall&, and draw& a&

    much current a& will flow through the winding&. Thi& &pecification i&

    u&eful for +wor&t ca&e &cenario, engineering planning.

    Shorted. Ma1imum current flow& into the motor when the coil& are

    &horted out. The motor will not run9 and li*e an' &hort circuit9 if

    operated in thi& wa' for an' length of time9 &eriou& damage can re&ult

    to other &'&tem& on the robot.

    T$r8*/

    Torque i& the wa' the &trength of the motor i& mea&ured. It i& t'picall'

    calculated b' attaching a le/er to the end of the motor &haft9 and a weight or

    gauge on the end of that le/er. The length of the le/er u&uall' depend& on theunit of mea&urement gi/en for the weight. E1ample&:

    Metric mea&urement& u&e Newton meter& HNmG9 *ilogram&0force

    meter& H*gf0mG9 or &ometime& gram0centimeter& Hgm0cmG.

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    Standard mea&urement& u&e ounce0inche& Ho0inG9 or pound0feet Hlb0

    ftG9 or pound0inche& Hlb0inG. ItJ& common to re/er&e the nomenclature

    and call it foot0pound& and inch0pound&.

    S//

    Thespeedof the motor indicate& how fa&t it& &haft i& turning. D4 motor&

    without a gearbo1 &pin at =9$$$ to o/er %#9$$$ "(M Hre/olution& per

    minuteG. ;ith a gear bo19 the &peed can /ar' from under % "(M9 on up.

    Stepping motor& are not rated in "(M9 but pul&e& Hor &tep&G per &econd. The

    &peed of a &tepper motor i& a function of the number of &tep& required toma*e one full re/olution9 time& the number of &tep& applied to the motor

    each &econd. T'pical /alue& are #$$ or =$$ ((S.

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    WORKING PRINCIPLE

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    WORKING PRINCIPLE

    The machine i& &eated without an' /ibration.

    The machine can ma*e punching without gi/ing much effort..

    The cutting die placed at the connecting rod which i& reciprocated

    b' the cran* wheel b' the motoried dri/e.9

    ;hen the motor i& rotated 9 the cran* wheel i& rotated and hence

    the punching die with connecting rod al&o mo/ed.

    The machine i& mo/ed on the )ob.

    During it& mo/ement the connecting rod with the die are forced

    on the )ob to ma*e punch.

    The hole i& cut b' the die &et and the )ob i& remo/ed.

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    MAIN PARTS AND

    DESCRIPTION

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    MAIN PARTS AND DESCRIPTION

    %. B6SE

    #. D"UM ;IT2 B76DE

    =. B6SE (76TE

    ?. M6IN S26NI

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    DESCRIPTION OF THE

    COMPONENT

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    DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENT

    BASE

    Ba&e i& the foundation of the machine9 which with&tand& the /ibration

    of the machine and tran&mit& it to the ground. It hold& the machine part&. It

    ha& the pro/i&ion for holding the ba&e plate. Two trolle' wheel i& fi1ed to

    the ba&e.

    BASE PLATE

    It i& the bac*bone of the machine. It i& mounted to the main &haft b'

    mean& of the plummer bloc*..

    MAIN SHAFT

    The &haft mu&t ha/e &ufficient thic*ne&& to a/oid bending9 due to hea/'

    load and /ibration&. The' &upported o/er the ba&e b' mean& of the &lee/e.

    The pulle' i& fi1ed to the main &haft that tran&mit& the power to the ba&e

    plate b' mean& of ! belt dri/e tran&mi&&ion.

    #-BELTS

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    ! belt i& a mechanical member that i& to tran&mit the motion from

    one to another pulle'. It i& made up of a hardened rubber. ! belt i& u&ed

    becau&e of it& le&&er &lippage and high ten&ion.

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    DESCRIPTION OF

    MECHANICAL PRESS

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    CLASSIFICATION OF PRESS

    6ccording to IS C$A?:#$$# &tandard KL9 pre&& cla&&ified into two principle

    categorie& a& h'draulic pre&&e& which operate on the principle of h'dro&tatic

    pre&&ure. Mechanical pre&& which utilied *inematic lin*age of element& to

    tran&mit power. Mechanical pre&& can be al&o cla&&ified into ba&i& of the

    de&ign of the frame.

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    3. ST!DY OF 300T AND 900T PRESS

    ("ESS :0

    6 machine ha/ing a &tationar' bed and a &lideH"amGwhich ha&

    controlled reciprocating motion toward& and awa' from the bed

    &urface and at right angle to it. The &lide being guided in the frame

    of the machine to gi/e a definite path of the motion.

    6rbor:0

    6 manual or power operated pre&& u&ed to force arbor& or mandrel&into or out of hole& and for &imilar a&&embl' or di&a&&embl'

    operation&.

    6rch :06 &mall cran* pre&& ha/ing itJ& column& a& upright& wider

    &lide flange9 left to right between the column& or to permit larger

    &tri*e length&.

    6utomatic:0

    6 pre&& in which the wor*9 either &eparate part& or &tri*e or &heet

    &toc*9 i& fed through the pre&& in &'nchroni&m with the pre&&

    operating c'cle and b' mean& other than manual.

    Bench :0

    6n' &mall pre&& of a &ie to be mounted on a bench or table. The&e

    pre&&e& are almo&t alwa'& gap frame and ma'be fi1ed or inclinable.

    Bottom dri/e :0

    6n' pre&& with the dri/e mechani&m located within or under the

    bed. connection& of the dri/e to &lide or &lide& are within or

    along&ide the upright.

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    476SSI

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    6d/antage& include low co&t high &peed and minimum

    maintenance.

    ST"U4TU"E < ("ESSES:0

    (re&&e& are a/ailable in &e/eral different de&ign&. The t'pe& include

    permanentl' upright pre&&e&9 &uch a& ad)u&table bed

    &tationar'H6DSG9open bac* &tationar' pre&&e&9 permanentl' inclined

    pre&&e&9 open bac* inclinable pre&&e&. The inclined pre&&e& often

    facilitate feeding and permit fini&hed &tamping& to fall out b'

    gra/it' or be blown out b' air at the rear of the pre&&. 4rop frame

    pre&&e& are made with either one or two point& of &u&pen&ion.

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    &election of a pre&& include &ie 9 force 9 energ' and &peed

    requirement&. The pre&& mu&t be capable of e1erting force in the

    amount 9 location 9 direction 6& well a& for the length of time

    needed to perform the &pecified operation&. ther con&ideration&

    mu&t include the &ie and geometr' of the wor*piece&. peration&

    to be performed9 no of wor*piece& to be produced9 production rate

    needed 9 accurac' and fini&h requirement& 9 equipment co&t& and

    other factor&.

    (re&& &peed& :0

    (re&& &peed i& relati/e from that /arie& with point of reference.

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    (re&& integrated with material handling equipment9 feeding and

    unloading de/ice& and other manufacturing equipment.

    TY(ES <

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    The ma1imum &pace or an' part of the ma1imum &pace within a

    pre&& for mounting a die.

    Dwell :0

    6 portion of the pre&& c'cle during which the mo/ement of the

    member i& ero or at lea&t in&ignificant. U&uall' refer& to the

    internal when the blan* holder in a drawing proce&& i& holding the

    blan* while the punch i& ma*ing the draw.

    Eccentric gear :0

    6 main pre&& dri/e gear within an eccentric a& an integral part. The

    unit rotate& about a common &haft with the eccentric tran&mitting

    the rotar' motion of the gear into the /ertical motion of the &lide

    through a connection.

    Eccentric &haft :0

    6 cran* with a cran* )oin of &uch &ie that it contain& or &urround&

    the &haft. The eccentric with itJ& connection i& u&ed in the eccentric

    pre&& and i& al&o u&ed for dri/ing au1iliar' attachment& &uch a& lift

    out& and feed&.

    Eccentric draw :0

    The ma1imum limit& of forming depth which can be accompli&hed

    with the multiple action pre&&e&.

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    when the inner &lide begin& itJ& dwell0&ometime& called ma1imum

    draw or ma1imum depth of draw.

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    The &tationar' part of a pre&& &er/ing a table to which i& affi1ed a

    bol&ter9 or &ometime& the lower die directl'.

    Bol&ter plate :0

    6 plate attached to the top of the pre&& bed for locating and

    &upporting the die a&&embl'. It u&uall' ha& hole& a& &lot& for

    attaching the lower die or die &hoe. Mo/ing bol&ter plate& on &elf

    powered for tran&ferring die& in and out of the pre&& for die

    &etting .6l&o called rolling bol&ter&9 the' ma'be integral with or

    mounted to a carriage. The' are not to be confu&ed with &liding

    bol&ter&9 the purpo&e of which i& mo/ing the lower die in and out of

    the pre&& for wor*piece feeding.

    4apacit'9pre&& :0

    The rated pre&& force that a pre&& i& de&igned to e1ert at a

    predetermined di&tance abo/e the bottom of the &tro*e of the &lide.

    4lutch :0

    6 coupling mechani&m u&ed on a mechanical pre&& to couple the

    fl'wheel to cran*&haft9 either directl' or through gear train&.

    4u&hion :0

    6n acce&&or' for a pre&& which pro/ide& a re&i&ti/e force with

    motion required for &ome operation&9 &uch a& blan* holding 9

    drawing or redrawing9 maintaining uniform pre&&ure on a

    wor*piece and *noc*ing out or &tripping or al&o called pad& or

    )ac*&. 6lthough u&uall' mounted in or under the pre&& bed. The'

    are al&o u&ed in or on the &lide.

    (ower :0

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    6 term u&ed loo&el' to de&ignate an' pre&& u&ing electrical power a&

    compared to manual power.

    Single action :0

    6 pre&& with the &ingle action.

    "am &lide :0

    Shut height :0

    The di&tance from the top of the bed to bottom of the &lide of a

    /ertical pre&&9 with &tro*e down ad)u&tment up9 on mo/ing bol&ter

    pre&&e&9 or &hut height i& mea&ured from the top of the bol&ter

    Hwhen the bol&ter i& integral with carriageG or the top of the carriage

    when the bol&ter i& &eparate.

    Slide :0

    The main reciprocating member of pre&&9 guided in the pre&& frame

    to which the punch or upper die i& fa&tened. Sometime& called the

    ram. The inner &lide of a double action pre&& i& called the plunger or

    punch holder &lide. The outer &lide of a double action pre&& i& called

    the blan* holder &lide. The third &lide of a triple action pre&& i&

    called the lower &lide9 and the &lide of a h'draulic pre&& i& often

    called the platen.

    Slide operation :0

    The di&tance between the face of the die mounting &urface of the

    inner &lide and the outer &lide of multiple action pre&&e& at open

    po&ition.

    Stro*e :0

    The di&tance between the terminal point& of the reciprocating

    motion of a pre&& &lide.

    Stro*e& per minute :0

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    The &pecified continuou& running &peed of a pre&&. It i& not the no

    of permi&&ible &ingle tripling of a pre&& and con&equentl' doe& not

    mea&ure the po&&ible production per min9 e1cept when a pre&& i&

    running continuou&l'. The no of &ingle tripling per min /arie& with

    different t'pe& and ma*e& of clutche& a& well a& with the de1terit'

    of the operator.

    Top &top :0

    6 machine generated &ignal for &topping a pre&& at the

    top of a &tro*e.

    4US2INS :0

    Die 4u&hion :0

    Die cu&hion often and more accuratel' referred to a& pre&&ure pod& 9

    are u&ed to appl' pre&&ure to flat blan*& for drawing operation&.

    The' al&o &er/e a& lift out or *noc* out de/ice& to remo/e

    &tamping& from the die&.

    (neumatic cu&hion& :0

    In cu&hion& of thi& t'pe 9the ma1imum pre&&ure i& controlled b' the

    diameter and no of c'linder& and a/ailable air pre&&ure. Shop line

    pre&&ure i& generall' u&ed9 but it i& po&&ible to u&e a boo&ter or

    inten&ifier to increa&e the air pre&&ure. 6 pneumatic die cu&hion for

    a &ingle point pre&& normall' u&e& one c'linder and one pi&ton. Two

    ore more cu&hion& ma'be placed on top of one another9 howe/er

    when a high capacit' unit i& required in a limited bed area in which

    a /ertical &pace i& a/ailable.

    7UB"I46TIN :0

    "ole of lubrication :0

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    cau&e pre&& wor*ing problem&9 if improperl' &pecified. 7ubricit'

    agent& function under all temperature condition& but are lea&t

    effecti/e below @$ degree < H%$ degree 4G and abo/e %#$$ < HA?

    4G. fat i& a good lubricit' additi/e H &ince it i& attracted to mo&t

    metal &urface& and doe& not &tain metalG

    ("ESS S6

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    4'linder mu&t incorporate mean& to pre/ent failure of capabilit'

    H&udden lo&& of pre&&ureG

    6ir controlling equipment mu&t be protected again&t foreign

    material and water entering the pneumatic &'&tem.

    Mean& of air lubrication whene/er needed.

    Emergenc' &top O deacti/ate the clutch control and acti/ate the

    bra*e to &top.

    (re&& component& mu&t al&o be de&igned9 &ecured or co/ered to

    minimie haard& cau&ed b' brea*age 9 loo&ening and failing or b'

    relea&e of mechanical energ'Hin ca&e of brea*ing &pringG

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    ?$$TNNE9 ST"6I52T SIDED9 noc* Bar& C$mm

    Bol&ter Table %C$$1%#$$

    2ole& for cu&hion Bol&ter %$1A no&

    (4D 4u&hion pin& %@$pcd

    Ma1imum Shut height from table

    Surface

    #$$mm

    SD6U HShut down ad)u&tment upG %@$mm

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    SPECIFICATION OFC!SHION

    Die cu&hion @T

    Stro*e of Die 4u&hion %#@mm

    IFD of e)ector pin 2ole& in Bol&ter ?$mm

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    %G =$$ T (re&&

    =$$TN9ST"6I52T SIDED9

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    SIN57E 5E6"ED9

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    ELECTRICAL

    CIRCUIT DETAILS

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    POWER S!PPLY !NIT

    INTROD!CTION;

    6ll the electronic component& &tarting from diode to Intel I4J& onl'

    wor* with a D4 &uppl' ranging from P@! to P%#!. ;e are utiliing for the

    &ame9 the cheape&t and commonl' a/ailable energ' &ource of #=$!0@$2

    and &tepping down9 rectif'ing9 filtering and regulating the /oltage.

    STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER;

    ;hen 64 i& applied to the primar' winding of the power tran&former9

    it can either be &tepped down or &tepped up depending on the /alue of D4

    needed. In our circuit the tran&former of #=$!F%@0$0%@! i& u&ed to perform

    the &tep down operation where a #=$! 64 appear& a& %@! 64 acro&& the

    &econdar' winding. 6part from &tepping down /oltage&9 it gi/e& i&olation

    between the power &ource and power &uppl' circuitrie&.

    RECTIFIER !NIT;

    In the power &uppl' unit9 rectification i& normall' achie/ed u&ing a

    &olid &tate diode. Diode ha& the propert' that will let the electron flow ea&il'

    in one direction at proper bia&ing condition. 6& 64 i& applied to the diode9

    electron& onl' flow when the anode and cathode i& negati/e. "e/er&ing the

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    polarit' of /oltage will not permit electron flow. 6 commonl' u&ed circuit

    for &uppl'ing large amount& of D4power i& the bridge rectifier. 6 bridge

    rectifier of four diode& H? 1 IN?$$G are u&ed to achie/e full wa/e

    rectification. Two diode& will conduct during the negati/e c'cle and the

    other two will conduct during the po&iti/e half c'cle9 and onl' one diode

    conduct&. 6t the &ame time one of the other two diode& conduct& for the

    negati/e /oltage that i& applied from the bottom winding due to the forward

    bia& for that diode. In thi& circuit due to po&iti/e half c'cle D% Q D# will

    conduct to gi/e $.C! pul&ating D4. The D4 output ha& a ripple frequenc' of

    %$$2. Since each alteration produce& a re&ulting output pul&e9 frequenc'

    # 1 @$ 2. The output obtained i& not a pure D4 and therefore filtration ha&

    to be done.

    The D4 /oltage appearing acro&& the output terminal& of the bridge

    rectifier will be &omewhat le&& than $R of the applied rm& /alue. Normall'

    one alteration of the input /oltage will re/er&e the polaritie&. ppo&ite end&

    of the tran&former will therefore alwa'& be %C$ degree out of pha&e with

    each other.

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    FILTERING CIRC!IT;

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    LIST OF MATERIALS

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    LIST O MATERIALS

    Sl. No. 4M(NENT M6TE"I67 U6NTITY

    No.

    %. 4"6N>0 (76TE MI7S STEE7 %

    #. D4 MT" #?!D4 %

    =. 5ENE!6 ;2EE7 MI7D STEE7 %

    ?. S(IND7E HS26 46ST I"N #

    1. CHAIN DRIVE MECHANISM STEEL

    1

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    SAFETY,CARE AND

    MAINTENANCE

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    SAFETY,CARE AND MAINTENANCE

    B/:$r/ *', %(/ (',/" $/ $: %(/ $',% %$ )/ ,$%/ :$r :/%