Upload
funsuz-unlu
View
220
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
1/32
http://motivation%20videos/George%20Carlin%20Motivation.flv8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
2/32
Objective
The purpose of this presentation is to facilitate a
discussion environment where best practices andcases are evaluated whether they can be applied
to ITC.
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
3/32
Agenda
Definition of Motivation
Need Theories
Process TheoriesReinforcement Theories
Conclusion
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
4/32
Agenda
Definition of Motivation
Need Theories
Process TheoriesReinforcement Theories
Conclusion
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
5/32
Motivation
thatleads to
thatresults inMotivation
is the
psychological
process
Choice of
behavior
Some level
of job
performance
The Motivation-Behavior-Job Performance Sequence
Motivation is a psychological process that causes
the arousal, direction, and persistence of
voluntary actions that are goal directed
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
6/32
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
7/32
Types of Motivation Theories
Need Theories Maslows hierarchy of needs
Alderfer's ERG theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory
McClelland`s acquired needs theory
Process Theories Expectancy Theory
Goal Setting Theory
Reinforcement Theories
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
8/32
Agenda
Definition of Motivation
Need Theories
Process TheoriesReinforcement Theories
Conclusion
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
9/32
Need Theories Outline
Four prominent need theories:
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Alderfer's ERG theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory McClleland`s acquired needs theory
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
10/32
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Holds that the five needsexist in a strict hierarchy ofprepotency such that a need
at one level doesn't becomeactivated until the nextlower-level need is satisfied
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
11/32
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Needs Description Example
Self-
actualization
Realize ones full
potential
Creative and challenging work
Participation in decision making
Job flexibility and autonomy
Esteem Feel good about
one-self
Responsibility of an important job
Promotion to a higher status job
Praise and recognition from boss
Belongingness Social
interaction, love
Friendly co-workers
Interaction with customers
Pleasant supervisor
Safety Security, stability Safe working conditions, health insurance
Physiological Food, water,
shelter
Basic pay level to buy items
Reasonable working hours
Lowest-levelneeds
Highest-levelneeds
lf d h
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
12/32
Alfeders ERG Theory
Safety
Physiological needsExistence
Social Needs
Internal Esteem NeedsRelatedness External Esteem Needs
Self ActualizationGrowth
lf d h
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
13/32
Alfeders ERG Theory
Existence
Relatedness
Growth
Frustration/Regression
Satisfaction/Progression
Satisfaction/Strengthening
As lower needs become satisfied, a person seeks to satisfy higher needs A person can be motivated by needs at more than one level at the sametime
When people experience need frustration they will focus on satisfying theneeds at the next-lowest level (Frustration Regression Principle)
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
14/32
What is important for you at work?
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
15/32
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Hygiene Factors
Company policies
Quality of supervision
Relations with others
Personal life
Rate of pay
Job security
Working conditions
Motivational Factors
Achievement
Career advancement
Personal growth
Job interest
Recognition
Responsibility
Satisfaction No satisfaction
No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction
Hygiene Factors
Motivators
M Cl ll d` A i d N d Th
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
16/32
McClelland`s Acquired-Needs Theory
David McClelland proposes that people acquire needs through their life
experiences.
Achievement
Power
Affiliation
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
17/32
Agenda
Definition of Motivation
Need Theories
Process TheoriesReinforcement Theories
Conclusion
P Th i O tli
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
18/32
Process Theories Outline
Two prominent need theories:
Expectancy Theory
Goal Setting Theory
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
19/32
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
20/32
How Expectancy Theory Works?
Expectancy
Effort - Performance Link
E=0
No matter how much effort
you put in, probably not possible
to memorise the text in 24 hours
Instrumentality
Performance - Rewards Link
I=0
Your supervisor does not look
like someone who has 10000$
Valence
Rewards - Personal Goals Link
V=1
There are a lot of wonderful things
you could do with 10000$
Your supervisor offered you 10000$ to memorize a textbook by tomorrow morning
Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do the task
G l S tti Th
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
21/32
Goal Setting Theory
Focuses on motivating workers to contribute their inputs to their jobs andorganizations. Considers how managers can ensure that workers focus their
inputs in the direction of high performance and the achievement oforganizational goals.
Choice: Goals narrow attention and direct efforts to goal-relevantactivities, and away from perceived undesirable and goal-irrelevant
actions.
Effort: Goals can lead to more effort; for example, if one typicallyproduces 4 units an hour, and has the goal of producing 6, one maywork more intensely than one would otherwise in order to reach thegoal.
Persistence: An individual becomes more prone to work throughsetbacks if pursuing a goal.
Cognition: Goals can lead an individual to develop cognitive strategies
to change their behavior.
G l S tti Th
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
22/32
Goal Setting Theory
GoalsSpecificDifficult
Accepted
Effects on PersonDirects attention
EnergisesEncourages persistency
New strategies developed
Feedback
Performancerelated to cognition
d
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
23/32
Agenda
Definition of Motivation
Need Theories
Process TheoriesReinforcement Theories
Conclusion
R i f t
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
24/32
Reinforcement
R i f t Th M d l
http://motivation%20videos/Terry%20Tate%20Office%20Linebacker.flv8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
25/32
Reinforcement Theory Model
Operant conditioning influences behavior by controlling its
consequences.
Positive reinforcement connects desirable behavior with pleasantconsequences.
Punishment connects undesirable behavior with unpleasant
consequences.
The law of effect states that behavior followed by a pleasant consequence is likelyto be repeated; behavior followed by an unpleasant consequence is unlikely to be
repeated.
Reinforcement Theor
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
26/32
Reinforcement Theory
Corporate
Goal
Achievement
Failure
Praise
employee:
recommend
pay increase
Stop
complaints
Withhold
praise and
rewards
Reprimand
employee
Manager`s
Objective
Individual
Behavior
Reinforcement
Strategy
Type of
Reinforcement
Positive
Reinforcement
Negative
Reinforcement
Extinction
Punishment
A d
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
27/32
Agenda
Definition of Motivation
Need Theories
Process TheoriesReinforcement Theories
Conclusion
S
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
28/32
Summary
Need Theories Maslows hierarchy of needs needs to be satisfied
Alderfer's ERG theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory
McClelland`s acquired needs theory
Process Theories Expectancy Theory
Goal Setting Theory
Reinforcement Theories
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
29/32
Motivation Theories
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Alfeders ERG Theory
Herzbergs Two Factor Theory
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory
Need Theries
Expectany Theory
Goal Setting Theory
ProcessTheories
Relies on setting positive and negative rewardingReinforcement
Theory
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
30/32
Motivation Theories Maslows hierarchy of needs- Needs should be fulfilled according to an
order Alfeders ERG: Needs can be satisfied at the same time, need frustrationregression principle
Herzbergs two factor theory- Dissatisfaction occurs when hygiene factorsare absent
Mclleland acquired needs theory- We may identify new needs as weprogress in life
Need Theories
Expectancy theory- Motivation is a combination of expectancy,instrumentality and valence
Goal Setting Theory- relies on setting challenging goals to motivate peopleProcess Theories
It is based on positive and negative rewardingReinforcement
Theories
C l i
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
31/32
Conclusion
How do you think we can benefit from these
theories?
8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011
32/32
Thank You