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Palestrina Pala grammar checker for musiccompositions in the style ofPalestrinaby Anna Cheng-Zhi Huang([email protected], junior in CSCI-MUCO)(Faculty mentor Professor Chew). Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Motivation• Make composers more aware of their
Palestrina rule violations and to focuson higher level aesthetic issues.!
• Extend creative technologies to CACto improve musical communication.
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Objective• a JAVA application• OOP and GUIDO• checks for rule violations in
compositions in the style ofPalestrina.
• automatically recognizes andhighlights errors in a GUI
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
16th century counterpoint
• the art of combining two or moremelodic lines which are independentyet coordinate in feeling.
• foundation for western music infollowing centuries.
• Italian Palestrina (1525 – 1594)brought this style of music to itspeak.
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Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Why are these “tedious”rules necessary?• based on “The Craft of Modal
Counterpoint” by ThomasBenjamin.
• a grammar to define meanings,in music.
• harmonic, melodic and rhythmicrules
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Input, output
• What is GUIDO? (example shown)
• Input:• GUIDO text file• piano keyboard
• Output:• GUIDO text file• MIDI
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Composition rulesimplemented.
• harmonic:• parallelism, treatment of dissonance, etc
• melodic:• leap intervals compensation, etc
• rhythmic:• choice of note values and placements, etc.
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Harmonic rules:
• Perfect parallelism• avoid parallel fifths, octaves and unisons.
• Direct/Contrary parallelism• avoid fifths and octaves approached by
leaps in the same direction or by contrarymotion.
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Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
(Dissonance treatments)
• Passing Tone• a half note or quarter note dissonance on
the weak beat approached and resolved bystep and in the same direction.
• Neighbor Note• a quarter or eighth note dissonance on the
weak part of a beat approached andresolved in opposite directions.
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Continued Harmonic rules
• Suspension• this idiom involves a consonant preparation,
dissonance (a half note) on the same pitch on astrong beat, and resolution down by step to aconsonance.
• Anticipation (consonant or dissonant)• a quarter note on the weak part of any beat that
anticipates the pitch of the coming consonantvertical interval.
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Melodic rules:
• Range• soprano, alto, tenor and bass voices must operate
within well-specified ranges.
• Melodic leaps• use only m2, M2, m3, M3, P4, P5, m6(ascending
only), and P8(rare).
• Uncompensated leaps• melodic leaps are to be compensated
(approached and left in opposite direction as leap).
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Rhythmic rules:
• Note values• Basic note values are limited to double whole
notes to eighth notes.
• Dotted note values• Any values other than the quarter and eighth
notes may be dotted.
• Dotted note Positions• Dotted whole notes may begin only on beats 1 or
3, and dotted half notes must start on thebeginning of a beat.
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Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Example
• Use Finale music notation software to input notes.
• Use GUIDO plugin to convert the Finale file.
• Enable the rules wanted and run Palestrina Pal software
• Error display and detection explained.
• Correct wrong notes by modifying the GUIDO code or by
keyboard interface.
• Save composition as MIDI, and play.
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Manual analysis
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
GUI with all the stops.
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Sicut Cervus byPalestrina
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Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Sicut Cervus: Result
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Source code design
• classes resemble real life musiccomposition objects.
• evaluation procedure mimicshow composers actuallyproofread work.
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Applications ofPalestrina Pal• proofread compositions, not just
Palestrina style
• identify and analyze characteristics ofC16th counterpoint.
• evaluate computer-generatedcounterpoint in CAC.
• music education, counterpoint theory
Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Relevant Work BeingConducted• first system for automated
evaluation of Palestrina stylecompositions.
• potential for practical use in themusic classroom.
• Farbood and Schoener [2] focus onsynthesis of Palestrina stylecompositions using Markov models.
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Anna Huang: ISE599: 2004 Palestrina Pal
Future Goals
• improve the user interface:piano roll to show imitations.
• Conduct user studies
• incorporate secondary level
rules and suggestions forcorrections