MotivationIIC-2.1 Describe the interaction of internal cues and learning on basic drives.

IIC-2.2 Describe the situational cues giving rise to anger and fear.IIC-2.3 Describe the situational cues and individual characteristics giving rise to IIC-3.1 Describe one or more theories of motivation, such as expectancy value,

cognitive dissonance, arousal, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and drive reduction.

Warm Up: Write a list of 10 items or goals which you want in the near future. Next to each item or goal, write how will you achieve those goals or obtain those items.

Standards Objective• IIC-2.1 Describe the

interaction of internal cues and learning on basic drives.

• IIC-3.1 Describe one or more theories of motivation, such as expectancy value, cognitive dissonance, arousal, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and drive reduction.

• Students will be able to construct their own version Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and explain the importance of each section and compare it to Maslow’s hierarchy.

Matching Vocabulary! a. A positive or negative

environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

b. A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

c. A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

d. A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

1. Motivation

2. Instinct

3. Homeostasis

4. Incentive

What is motivation?• Four main theories

o Instinct theory (formerly known as evolutionary perspective)• Focuses on genetic predisposed behaviors

o Drive-reduction theory• Focuses on the inner pushes and external pulls interact with each

othero Arousal Theory

• Finding the right level of stimulationo Hierarchy of needs

• How some needs take priority over others

Instinct Theory• Created by Charles Darwin within his evolution

theory• States that all humans, like animals, have

unlearned abilities (such as rooting in babies)• Fails to explain human motives but it helps us to

understand why this contributes to areas of motivation such as hunger or sexuality.

• Helps explain phobias

Drive Reduction Theory

• Replaced the instinct theory• Drive-reduction theory (DRT) is the idea that a

physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce the need.o Example – when you are thirsty, you find liquid to quench your thirst.

• When your physiological need increases (a push), your psychological drive (motivation) does so as well.

• The main goal in DRT is to achieve homeostasis• Individual learning plays a role in motivation (a pull)

through incentives• When there is both a need and an incentive,

motivation is high.

Arousal Theory• Built on the idea of curiosity• Needing more than just the reach homeostasis,

animals will try to increase their arousal through motivated behaviors.

• Info-voreso Humans have a brain mechanism that rewards for new informationo Not enough arousal = boredomo Too much arousal = stress and decrease

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Abraham Maslow – Creator of the pyramid description of Hierarchy of Needs

• Broken up into 6 different categorieso Physiological, safety, belonging needs and love needs, esteem needs,

self actualization needs, and self transcendence needs

• Not universally fixedo Example – hunger strike

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Quickwrite• Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, write all the

different needs that you have in your life currently. Are they being met or are you doing things to achieve those needs?

Hierarchy Project!• Take a piece of blank paper and divide it up into 6 even

parts (as evenly as possible)• At the top write “your name’s hierarchy of needs”• Label from bottom to top the 5 different levels of needs.

(You may reorganize the needs to fit your life)• In each level, write 2-3 examples of personal needs in

those boxes and how they are being met. If those needs are not being met, explain how you can meet those goals.

• Draw a small picture next to each need.• You will need 13 total needs. • For a closer look, it is on pg 342 (Exploring psychology)

and 472 (Psychology)