MOTIVATION DEFINED

• The set of processes that arouse, direct and maintain behavior towards attaining some goal.– Arousal: Drive or Effort– Direction: Goal Orientation– Maintenance: Persistence

ASPECTS OF MOTIVATION

Arousal Direction Maintenance Goal

Make animpression

Good impressionmade

Compliments work Persist

Stays late Persist

Does favors Persist

MORE MOTIVATION BASICS

• Motivation is multifaceted -- a single behavior can reflect multiple motives

• Performance is affected by motivation + ability + opportunity

MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY

Physiological NeedsSafety Needs

Belongingness NeedsEsteem Needs

Self

Actualiza - tion Needs

ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY

Growth Needs

Relatedness Needs

Existence Needs

MCCLELLAND’S NEED THEORY

• Need for Achievement– preference for situations where they

can be personally responsible for the outcomes

– preference for moderately difficult tasks

– desire performance feedback

MCCLELLAND’S NEED THEORY, CONT.

• Need for affiliation – desire for friendly interpersonal

relationships– enjoy communicating– want others to like them

• Need for power– desire to influence others– complex need

SELF-EFFICACY

• Defined -- The belief concerning ability to perform a task. It is similar to a sense of confidence.– develop by direct or vicarious experience– persist at tasks longer in the face of failure– strong needs for feedback as a way of

modifying behavior

APPLICATIONS

• Appreciate diversity

• Provide satisfaction for extrinsic motivation

• Appreciate intrinsic motivation

BACKWARDS & FORWARDS

• Summing up -- defined and looked at basic aspects of motivation, examined need hierarchy theories, examined other need theories, derived applications

• Next time -- process theories of motivation, expectancy theory and equity theory