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PowerPoint used as visual aid during an oral presentation on Robert C. Gardner's article "Motivation and Second Language Acquisition" published in 2007.
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Motivation and Second Language Acquisition
R.C. Gardner University of Western Ontario
Olivia-Dumitrina Nechita
12/02/2015
Contents Introduction
Motivation and language
Motivational constructs
Learning a second language
Stages in second language acquisition
Cultural and Educational contexts
Results in Spain
Conclusion
Introduction Robert C. Gardner
Degree in psychology
University of Western Ontario
June, 2007
Stages of language acquisition
The role of motivation
Types of motivation
Motivation and language 1st language
Part of growing up
2nd language
Learnt in school
The motivated individual
Goal directed
Expends effort
Persistent
Attentive
Has desires and expectancies
Demonstrates self-confidence
Motivational constructs Language learning
motivation
Characteristic of the individual
Classroom learning motivation
Individuals perception of the task at hand
Teacher
Course content
Class atmosphere
Materials and
facilities
Personal characteristics
Learning a second language Vocabulary cluster
Elements of the language
Easy to master
Cultural cluster
Make the language part of the self
Bilingual skills due to experience in other languages
Stages in language acquisition
Elemental
Consolidation
Conscious expression
Automaticity & Thought
Stages in language acquisition Elemental
Basic vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation....
Consolidation
Develop rules
Sentence structure
The understanding of idioms
Stages in language acquisition Conscious expression
Conscious effort
Use of speech hesitations
Searching the right words
Automaticity & Thought
Language and though are automatic
Language and self become interconnected
Cultural and Educational contexts Cultural context and motivation
attitudes
beliefs
personality
ideas
expectations
North Americans Europeans
Its very difficult todo esto.
All the day, everyday, bonsais.
Cultural and Educational contexts Educational context
system
quality
teacher skills
adequacy
atmosphere
CULTURAL CONTEXT
EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT
Integrativeness (openness)
Attitudes toward the learning situation
Interest in other cultures
Absence of ethnocentrism
Integrative concept
Results in Spain
Variables E.S.O. 2 N=166
E.S.O. 4 N=136
Attitude .14 .18*
Integrativeness .32** .37**
Language anxiety -.39** -.38**
Instrumental Orientation 22** .21**
Parental Encouragement .12 .04
Motivation 40** .49**
Conclusions
Integrative motivation vs. Instrumental motivation a. The individual is motivated to learn the other language
b. The individual is learning the other language because of a genuine interest in communicating with members of that other language
c. The individual has a favourable attitude toward the language learning situation
The goal is acquisition
Language becomes part of the self
Ideal native speaker competence?
What can teachers do?