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7/28/2019 Motion form 5
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MOTION
Can be divided into
vehicles without engine
vehicles with engine
Many vehicles doesnt use engine to move
Bicycles, bullock carts, wheelbarrows
Bicycles uses human energy to paddle and
move it
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VEHICLE WITHOUT ENGINE: BICYCLE
Whenpedalling
abicycle,
thesprocket
turns
Thesprocket
turns theironchainthat
turns thehub
The hubturns thebackwheel
Thebicyclemove
forward
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VEHICLES WITH ENGINE
Many types of vehicles have engines which
move them.
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TYPES OF ENGINES
Engines
Four-strokeengine
Four-strokepetrol engine
Four-strokediesel engine
Two-strokeengine
Two-strokepetrol engine
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FOUR-STROKE PETROL ENGINE
A fuel is burnt in the engine to move the
pistons. The up and down motion of the
pistons causes the shafts in the vehicle to
rotate and the wheels to turn. This make thevehicles to move.
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OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF ENGINE
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FOUR-STROKE PETROL ENGINE VS
FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
Four-stroke petrol
engine
Criteria Four-stroke diesel
engine
Suitable for light vehicles
such as motorcars
Suitability Suitable for heavy
vehicles like buses,
lorries and trucks
Smaller and lighter for
engine of the samepower
Size of the engine Larger and heavier for
the same power
Engine is quieter when
switched on
Noise produced Engine is noisier when
switched on
Less efficient and wastesmore petrol
Efficiency More efficient andwastes less diesels
Mixture of air and petrol
vapour enters cylinder
Input through the inlet
valve
Only air enters the
cylinder
Mixture of air and petrol
is ignited by a spark plug
Method of ignition Heat from compressed
of hot air ignites thediesel injected by the
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THE TWO-STROKE PETROL ENGINE
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5.2 SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
SPEED
The speed of a moving body is the distance it
travels in unit time.
The units used are cm s-1orkm h-1
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VELOCITY
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ACCELERATION
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CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN SPEED, VELOCITY
AND ACCELERATIONCharacteristic Speed Velocity Acceleration
SI unit ms
-1
ms
-1
ms
-2
Direction Has no fixed
direction
Has in a fixed
direction
Has in a fixed
direction
Type of quantity scalar vector Vector
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5.3 INERTIA
Inertia is a tendency of a body to maintain its
state of rest or uniform motion in a straight
line unless it is acted upon by a force.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND INERTIA
The tin with bigger mass (tin filled with sand) requiresa larger force to make it swing or to stop it fromswing.
This shows a body with a larger mass has moreinertia than a body with a small mass.
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THE SAFETY FEATURED USED IN VEHICLES
SEAT BELTS prevent the driver and
passengers from being thrown forward in a
collision.
AIR BAGS prevent injury to the driver.
HEADRESTS prevent the heads of
passengers from being jerked backwards.
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MOMENTUM
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PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
When two or more bodies collide with one
another, the total momentum before the
collision is equal to the total momentum after
collision.
Total momentum = Total momentum
before collision after collision
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