Motion Control & Sensing - my-boardclub.com time to market for energy-saving ... Future Electronics and Microsemi Corporation ... radiation-hardened and highly reliable analogue mixed-

F U T U R E T E C H N O L O G Y M A G A Z I N E

I S S U E 1 3 0 7

Design Note: pages 12-13Speeding-up time to market for energy-saving motor controls

Technical View: pages 22-23 New buck-converter design allows broader choice of controllers

Application Spotlight: pages 14-20Fairchild SPM® portfolio and online design tool cut project-completion time, boost reliability

Component Focus: pages 2-11 Cypress PSoC® 4 combines ARM® Cortex™-M0 with programmable mixed-signal fabric

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Application Spotlight on

Motion Control& Sensing

Future agrees global distribution dealwith MicrosemiFuture Electronics and Microsemi Corporationhave announced a worldwide distributionagreement allowing Future to sell and support theMicrosemi portfolio of semiconductor and systemsolutions for communications, defence andsecurity, aerospace and industrial markets.Products include high-performance, radiation-hardened and highly reliable analogue mixed-signal integrated circuits, FPGAs, SoCs andASICs, as well as power-management products,timing and voice-processing devices, RF solutions,discrete components, security technologies andscalable anti-tamper products, and Power-over-Ethernet ICs and midspans.

Vishay launches miniature AEC-Q200qualified inductorsVishay has launched two families of high-current,high-temperature through-hole inductors, qualifiedto AEC-Q200 for use in high-temperatureautomotive applications. Available in the 0750 and1125 case sizes, the new devices provide a high-performing, space-saving and power-efficientsolution for use in Voltage-Regulator Modules(VRM) and DC/DC converters.

The IHTH-0750IZ-5A and IHTH-1125KZ-5Aseries feature operating-temperature capability upto 155°C, rated current to 125A, a wide range ofinductance values from 0.47µH to 100µH, andtypical DC Resistance (DCR) as low as 0.26mΩ.They can handle high transient-current spikeswithout hard saturation, and offer frequency rangeup to 10MHz for some values.

Future and ST extend agreement acrossEMEA regionFuture Electronics is now authorised to supportand sell STMicroelectronics products in moreEuropean territories, following the extension of itsfranchise agreement.

Future was already franchised to sell STproducts in northern and eastern Europe, as wellas North America and Asia. Countries includingGermany, France and Italy have now been addedto the distribution agreement.

Microchip takes power optimisation tocode levelMicrochip has released the MPLAB® REAL ICE™

Power Monitor Module, which enables designersto identify and eliminate code that consumes highcurrent, in real time.

Microchip has been a leader in reducingmicrocontroller power consumption, withinnovations such as eXtreme Low Power (XLP) PIC®

MCUs that achieve 9nA sleep and 30µA/MHzactive current consumption. As applicationsoftware becomes the next place for engineers toseek power savings, its Power Monitor Modulenow allows users to measure, graphically profile,and optimise code power consumption.

S T A R P R O D U C T

2 E M A I L I N F O @ M Y- F T M . C O M F O R S A M P L E S A N D D A T A S H E E T S

CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR

my-ftm.com/130701FOR PARTS ANDLATEST PRICING

©Copyright 2013 Future Electronics Ltd. All trademarks contained herein arethe property of their respective owners. Applications for product samples,badge boards, demonstration boards, Future-Blox Boards and otheradvertised materials from Future Electronics are subject to qualification.

Newsin brief PSoC® 4 arrives, combining

programmable system-on-chip flexibilitywith ultra low-power 32-bit core

EVALUATIONBOARDS AT my-boardclub.com/ftm

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Cypress’s PSoC® 4 embedded System-on-Chip (SoC) combines a flexiblemixed-signal architecture with the ARM®

Cortex™-M0 core, enabling designersto achieve extremely low powerconsumption, simplify development, andutilise proven IP such as CapSense®

for robust capacitive-touch controls.

APPLICATIONS• Motor controllers• Advanced user-interface control

FEATURES• Supply-voltage range: 1.71V to 5.50V• Lowest current retaining GPIO states in

stop mode• Deep-sleep and hibernate modes• Dedicated communication blocks• Digital blocks with enhanced PWM

functions

SECURITYAUTOMOTIVEMEDICALLIGHTINGINDUSTRIALENERGY CONSUMER TELECOMMS


PSoC 4 enables designers to build customSoCs based on the ARM Cortex-M0core using the PSoC Creator™

development environment. TheARM Cortex-M0, running at48MHz, delivers processingperformance beyond that of proprietary8-bit or 16-bit devices, with theadvantages of an industry-standardprocessor architecture and ultralow-power operation.Complementing the core’sadvanced energy efficiency,PSoC Creator providesApplication-ProgrammeInterfaces (APIs)that simplify powermanagement. It alsoincludes a C-basedcompiler, which enablesengineers to co-designapplication software withthe hardware.

For hardware design, PSoCCreator features a library of over 60 analogueand digital components, such as converters,comparators, filters, logic, timers andcommunication ports, which are implementedusing the programmable resources of thetarget PSoC 4 device. By drawing from theexisting library of digital functions, or buildingcustom digital functions using the PSoC PLD-based digital fabric, designers can configurethe required set of digital peripherals aroundthe core.

On-chip analogue blocks enable engineers tointegrate various analogue functions andconfigurations using straightforward drag-and-drop actions, working within the graphicalPSoC Creator environment. This greatlysimplifies the design of analogue signal chains,helping to avoid time-consuming board spinsand system-design cycles. The analoguefunctions available include op-amps,comparators, IDACs, and a 12-bit 1Msample/sSAR ADC. Designers can also implementfunctions such as PGAs or filters by connectingon-chip resources to external passives.

By supporting Cypress’s CapSense IP, PSoC4 provides access to capacitive-touchtechnology that is proven and reliable as well as

easy to develop for a broad set of applications.PSoC Creator further enhances accessibility,with built-in customisers and a graphical designinterface for configuring features such asbuttons, sliders, matrices or proximity sensors.

PSoC’s programmability allows designers tofuture-proof their solutions, while the system-design methodology of PSoC Creator enablesseamless migration across PSoC 4 devicefamilies. The first two PSoC 4 families to enterproduction are the PSoC 4100 (CY8C41xx) andPSoC 4200 (CY8C42xx) families. The

CY8C41xx are low-cost devices that bringPSoC flexibility and integration to cost-

sensitive, high-volume applications.CY8C42xx devices feature

higher processor andADC-sampling speeds and

PLD-based enhancedUniversal Digital Blocks

(UDBs).

3V I S I T T H E O N L I N E F T M M A G A Z I N E A T : W W W . M Y - F T M . C O M

C O M P O N E N T F O C U S

Interface chip brings easy Near-Field Communication(NFC) to low-cost apps

The AS3953 creates new application opportunities for NFCtechnology

Minimal external components are required to build functional low-cost NFC-enabled devices

AMS

The AS3953 Near-Field interface Chip(NFiC®) from ams enables small, low-cost devices such as smart labels ormedical monitors to interact withsmartphone apps, leveraging the phone’scomputing resources and colour displayto deliver rich user experiences.

The AS3953 can be used as an NFC Forum-compatible interface tag, establishing instantcommunication with any NFC-enabled phonein close proximity. It creates virtually limitlesspossibilities for interactions with the phone,which ensures convenience and familiarity forend users and also reduces bill-of-materialscosts by removing the display from theapplication.The AS3953 is compliant with NFC Forum

specifications and the ISO14443A industrystandard. It also contains a complete analoguefront-end and a 4-wire SPI. The 1kbyte ofinternal EEPROM can be used to programme

an application wirelesslyeven if the microcontroller isnot powered up, or to storeinformation from theapplication side, such asdiagnostic information orsensor data.

By also supporting directcommunication, the AS3953is ideal for applicationswhere large amounts ofdata need to be transferred.

APPLICATIONS• Smart labels• Medical monitors• Wearable electronics• Vending machines• Toys• Industrial applications

FEATURES• Integrated resonant capacitor and buffer

capacitor• Configurable wake-up interrupt• 7-byte user ID• User-configurable regulated voltage

extracted from external magnetic field• Bit rates from 106kbit/s to 848kbit/s



The device enables system designers to addfull bi-directional NFC capability at a total costof less than one third of a typical NFC-readerimplementation.

The device is passively powered and hencerequires no external power source. It canprovide up to 5mA of harvested power fromthe reader field to the host system, delivering aconvenient solution for wireless communicationto a low-power battery-powered device.

More products in stock, in volume.Search our inventory today. www.futureelectronics.com

my-ftm.com/130704FOR MOREINFORMATION


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CMOS amplifiers drive high current from low input

The PSMN040-100MSE has an enhanced safe operating area resulting in superior linear-modeoperation and greater reliability

100V power MOSFET optimised for high-powerPoE applications

FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR

The Fairchild Semiconductor FAN4174and FAN4274 are single and dualvoltage-feedbackamplifiers with CMOSinputs that consumeonly 200µA of supplycurrent per amplifier,while providing 33mAof output short-circuitcurrent.

The amplifiers operatefrom 5V supplies, featurerail-to-rail input andoutput, and are unity-gainstable. The output is ableto swing to within 10mVof either rail, whereas thecommon-mode input range extends to 300mVbelow ground level and 100mV above supply

voltage in single-supply operation. These limitscan be exceeded without causing phasereversal. The absolute maximum input voltageis 700mV beyond either rail, and the outputcurrent is limited to ±5mA if this is exceeded.Typical recovery time after an overdrive

condition is less than500ns.

The FAN4174 andFAN4274 are designedon a CMOS processand provide 3.7MHz ofbandwidth and a slewrate of 3V/µs whenoperating from a 5Vsupply.

The combination ofextended temperatureoperation, low power,rail-to-rail performance,low-voltage operation,and a tiny packageoptimise this amplifier

family for use in many industrial, general-purpose, and battery-powered applications.

NXP Semiconductors has designedthe PSMN040-100MSE N-channel100V standard-level MOSFET to satisfythe increased demands placed by thelatest Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)applications.

Evolving standards, combined with theemergence of proprietary approaches, areresulting in next-generation PoE systemsthat require Power-Sourcing Equipment (PSE)to supply up to 90W toeach Powered Device(PD). Such solutions placeincreased demands on thePSE in terms of soft-startoperation, thermalmanagement and powerdensity.

To help meet thedemands of the latest

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• Large-screen LCD panels• 3G, 4G and Wi-Fi hot-spots• Pan-tilt-zoom CCTV cameras• IEEE 802.3at and proprietary PoE

applications over 60W

FEATURES• 30A rated drain-current• 91W maximum power dissipation• 121A peak drain-current• Operating junction-temperature range:

-55°C to 175°C



APPLICATIONS• Motor controls• Sensor interface• Analogue-to-digital buffers• Active filters• Signal conditioning• Portable test instruments

FEATURES• 25nV/√Hz input-voltage noise• Fully specified at ±5V supplies• Operating junction-temperature range:

-40°C to 125°C



applications, the PSMN040-100MSE has anenhanced forward-biased safe-operating areafor superior linear-mode operation, on-stateresistance of 36.6mΩ at 10V gate-sourcevoltage to minimise conduction losses, lowtypical gate-leakage current of 10nA, and anultra-reliable LFPAK33 (SOT1210) package forsuperior thermal performance andruggedness.

The PSMN040-100MSE is part of NXP’sNextPower Live portfolio, which offers morethan double the protection provided bycompeting devices.

High-performance Amplifiers PowerDown RRIO Unity-gain

BandwidthGain = 2Bandwidth

SlewRate

DG/DP(%/°)

OutputCurrent

Typical Supply Currentper Amplifier

Input BiasCurrent

Input-offsetVoltage

Supply-voltageRange

1x 2x

FAN4174 FAN4274 No Both 3.7MHz 2.3MHz 3V/µs n/a -2.833mA 0.2mA 5pA 0mV 2.5V to 5.5V

The FAN4174 and FAN4274 can help to simplify circuitry, andreduce component count and power consumption


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Press-fit modules simplify power-systemsassembly

Flagship communication processorsdramatically increase system productivity

FREESCALE

A wide variety of applications can benefit from the high processing capabilities, I/O integration and power management offered by the T4240

The first two devices introduced are the T4240,which has twelve e6500 cores, and the T4160featuring eight cores. Delivering around four

times the processing performance of theP4080 series and offering best-in-classCoreMark performance, they are ideal forapplications that benefit from consolidation ofcontrol and data-plane processing in a singlesystem-on-chip device. Support for hardwareand software virtualisation allows even highersystem productivity, while advanced featureintegration offers significant space, weight, andpower benefits compared to multiple discretedevices.

The e6500 core uses a seven-stagepipeline, which boosts single-threadedperformance, and also features an innovative‘fused-core’ approach to threading that allowshigher aggregate instructions per clock at

The QorIQ T4 processor series isFreescale’s new flagship QorIQ family,featuring up to twelve e6500 PowerArchitecture® cores with frequenciesup to 1.8GHz, large caches, hardwareacceleration, advanced high-speedI/Os and modern system peripherals.

APPLICATIONS• 3-phase inverters up to 10kW• Welding• Solar inverters (boosting and inverting

stages)• Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)• EV/HEV chargers• Motor drives

FEATURES• Solderless press-fit assembly• Multi-chip DBC exposed technology• Low package thermal resistance• 12mm package height• UL recognised and automotive qualified



APPLICATIONS• Industrial embedded computing• Medical imaging• Data-centre appliances• Storage controllers• Service-provider networking equipment• Enterprise computing

FEATURES• 1TB memory-subsystem addressability• CoreNet switch fabric• Multiple PCIe®, serial RapidIO and

SATA® 2 interfaces• 40Gbit/s cryptographic acceleration• 20Gbit/s data-compression engine• 10Gbit/s pattern-matching engine



The press-fit solderlesscontact technology ofVishay’s EMIPAK_1Band EMIPAK_2B powermodules enhancesspeed, simplicity and costeffectiveness whenassembling the modules ontoPCBs.

While eliminating soldering, the press-fittechnology assures high reliability andmatches the electrical integrity of solderedcontacts.

The EMIPAK_1B and EMIPAK_2B are multi-chip modules built using Direct-Bonded

Copper (DBC) exposed-substrate technology,which yields high thermal efficiency, andfeature an internal layout that minimises stray

inductance. The package is only 12mmhigh, allowing use in low-profile

equipment.The modules are suitable for a

variety of power switching andcontrol applications up to 3-

phase inverters in the 10kWpower range, and

withstand maximumoperating junctiontemperature up to175°C. They are ULrecognised and fully

compatible with applicableindustry standards. Automotive-qualified

versions are also available.The first parts to feature these new packages

will be released later in 2013.

lower power. Moreover, the fully resourceddual threads provide 1.7 times theperformance of a single thread. The e6500cores are clustered in banks of four coressharing a 2Mbyte L2 cache, allowing efficientsharing of code and data. In addition, eachcore implements the Freescale AltiVectechnology Single-Instruction Multiple Data(SIMD) engine, which dramatically enhancesthe performance of media and networkingalgorithms, while offering native inlineprogramming and using significantly lesspower than a separate DSP.

VISHAY



Gesture-detection IC optimised for automotive applications

LITTELFUSE

The Littelfuse LV UltraMOV™ series oflow-voltage, high surge-current, radial-leaded varistors offers higher surge-current ratings than ever before in discsdown to 5mm diameter, providingenhanced circuit protection forapplications at lower DC voltages.

Offering maximum peak surge-current ratingsfrom 500A to 8000A (8/20µs pulse) per device,

up to four timesthe ratings ofthe closestalternatives, theLV UltraMOVseries protectsagainst highpeak surges,including indirectlightning-strike

interference, system switching transients andabnormal fast transients from the power source.

The devices are available in 5mm, 7mm,10mm, 14mm and 20mm disc sizes, allowing

The Melexis MLX75031 opticalgesture- and proximity-sensing ICfeatures proprietary ambient-lightsuppression, proven Electro-MagneticCompliance (EMC), a small footprintand flexible system architecture toovercome key challenges facingdesigners of advanced in-car userinterfaces.

MELEXIS

APPLICATIONS• Smart touch displays and panels• Driver/passenger discrimination• Display dimming• Robust proximity sensing• Simple gesture detection

FEATURES• Sleep and standby modes• 16-bit integrated ADC• Diagnostic and monitoring safety functions• DC light-cancellation circuitry• 2kV Human-Body Model ESD-withstand

capability



APPLICATIONS• LED-lighting drivers• Fire-alarm systems• Automation-control systems (PLCs)• Industrial-control contact relays• Security systems• Surge-protection devices

FEATURES• Breakthrough in low-voltage varistor design• High peak surge-current rating• Standard lead-form options• Epoxy or phenolic coating



Automotive user interfaces must be intuitiveand safe to use, while also offering advancedfeatures such as smartphone and multimediaintegration. Proximity sensing and gesturedetection can help designers to meet thesegoals, as part of a well-designed system, buttypical challenges include cost, sunlightrobustness, electro-magnetic interference andmechanical integration constraints. TheMLX75031 helps to overcome these challenges.

The IC features two simultaneouslyoperating active-light measurement channelswhich can detect the active optical reflectionfrom a target. The proprietary integrated,ambient-light suppression makes thesechannels highly tolerant to backgroundinterference. Two additional channels areavailable for measuring ambient light.

To simplify design-in of the associated LEDsand photodiodes, which are required foractive-light detection, the MLX75031integrates 150mA LED drivers and allowsmultiplexing to implement the required numberof detection channels. Internal control logic,configurable user registers and SPIcommunication enable intuitive, programmableoperation. Additional integrated functionsinclude a watchdog timer, on-boardtemperature sensor and self diagnostics,which facilitate robust product design.

The IC’s digital output contains measured

active-light and ambient-light levels, allowingthe host microcontroller to detect gesturessuch as swipe, zoom or scroll. A measurementrate of up to 700Hz per measurement channelallows smooth, fast interface response.

The MLX75031 is a 4mm x 4mm, 24-pinsurface-mount QFN device, and is AEC-Q100qualified for the operating-temperature rangeof -40°C to 105°C.

Epoxy-Coated Option(Max. OperatingTemperature: 85°C)

Phenolic-Coated Option(Max. Operating

Temperature: 125°C)Diameter Maximum

Continuous Voltage

MaximumSurgeCurrent

MaximumEnergy Rating

V05E11P V05P11P 5mm

11V ACRMS 14V DC

500A 2JV07E11P V07P11P 7mm 1000A 4JV10E11P V10P11P 10mm 2000A 8JV14E11P V14P11P 14mm 4000A 22JV20E11P V20P11P 20mm 8000A 35JV05E14P to V20E14P V05P14P to V20P14P

5mm to20mm

14V ACRMS 18V DC

500A to8000A

5J to 80JV05E17P to V20E17P V05P17P to V20P17P 17V ACRMS 22V DC 3J to 100JV05E20P to V20E20P V05P20P to V20P20P 20V ACRMS 26V DC 3J to 100JV05E23P to V20E23P V05P23P to V20P23P 23V ACRMS 28V DC 3.2J to 110JV05E25P to V20E25P V05P25P to V20P25P 25V ACRMS 31V DC 3.5J to 120JV05E30P to V20E30P V05P30P to V20P30P 30V ACRMS 38V DC 4J to 130JV05E35P to V20P35P V05P35P to V20P35P 35V ACRMS 45V DC 4.5J to 135JV05E40P to V20E40P V05P40P to V20P40P 40V ACRMS 56V DC 5J to 150J

Next-generation varistors cut size andparts count of surge-protection circuitry

a dramatic reduction in the footprint andvolume required for circuit protection andthereby freeing extra space for high-valuefunctional components. Parts count can alsobe reduced, since one LV UltraMOV varistorcan provide the equivalent protection of two ormore competing devices. Alternatively,designers of surge-protection modules canachieve higher surge-handling density. Thedevices have an AC-voltage range of 11V to40V, DC-voltage range of 14V to 56V, and arecapable of operation up to 125°C.

The MLX75031 delivers dependable performance in next-generation vehicle user interfaces

LV UltraMOV varistors give designersextra freedom to miniaturise



Power-switch family meets latesteco-design requirements

The latest Fairchild Power Switch family consolidates multipleenergy-saving techniques


Even greater efficiency from latest-generation 650Vsuperjunction MOSFETs

VISHAY

Fairchild Semiconductor’s FSB117H,FSB127H and FSB147H Fairchild PowerSwitch (FPS™) family enables designersto build low-cost power suppliesmeeting the 2013 ErP standby-powerregulation for ATX and LCD-TV supplies,which require total consumption of lessthan 0.5W at 2.5W load.

The devices feature Fairchild’s mWSaver™

technology, which incorporates proprietarytechniques to minimise standby and no-loadpower consumption. These include theinnovative AX-CAP™ method that intelligentlydischarges the front-end EMI-filter capacitor, asrequired for safety-agency approval, to savepower losses normally incurred in the resistor ofa conventional X-capacitor discharge network.

In addition, the devices modulate the PWMfrequency as a function of feedback voltage.This decreases the frequency linearly from100kHz at heavy load to a minimum of 23kHzat light loads to minimise switching losses.

The MOSFETs are available withcurrent ratings from 6A to 150Aand have ultra-low maximum on-state resistance from 0.030Ω to0.6Ω at 10V, which translates intoextremely low conduction andswitching losses to save energyin high-power, high-performanceswitched-mode applications. Inaddition, the ultra-low gatecharge and low gate-charge xon-resistance FOM, as well aslower input capacitance resultingfrom the latest superjunction

technology, enhances switching performanceand allows designers to use higher operatingfrequencies. Ultimately this allows power-conversion equipment to become morecompact as well as highly efficient.

The latest-generation devices are available ina wide variety of popular power packages,giving designers the choice of IPAK TO-251(SiHU prefix), DPAK TO-252 (SiHD), TO-220FULLPAK (SiHF), TO-220AB (SiHP), D2PAKTO-263 (SiHB), TO-247AC (SiHG), TO-247AD(SiHW), and Super TO-247 (SiHS).

APPLICATIONS• PC and server power supplies• LCD-monitor power supplies• General power adapters• Home-entertainment equipment

FEATURES• Cycle-by-cycle current limiting• Leading-edge blanking• Internal over-temperature sensor• Adjustable peak-current limit



APPLICATIONS• Power-factor correction• Battery chargers• LED-lighting ballasts• Notebook adaptors• Semiconductor capital equipment• Solar inverters• Induction-heating equipment

FEATURES• Low switching and conduction losses• Low input capacitance• Avalanche rated



NXP’s TEA1720A: page 10Vishay’s MBL1xxS: page 11PARTNERWORKING

The 650V E series MOSFETs deliver outstanding FOM in a broad choice of package styles

Part Number Rated DrainCurrent

Max. On-stateResistance

GateCharge

SiHx6N65E 6A 600mΩ 21nCSiHx12N65E 12A 380mΩ 33nCSiHx15N65E 15A 280mΩ 44nCSiHx22N65E 22A 180mΩ 65nCSiHx24N65E 24A 150mΩ 83nCSiHx28N65E 28A 125mΩ 99nCSiHx47N65E 47A 70mΩ 178nCSiHx65N65E 65A 51mΩ 244nCSiHx105N65E 105A 30mΩ 405nC

As the load continues to decrease, the devicesenter burst mode, which further reducesenergy losses enabling the system to achieveno-load power consumption of less than40mW at 230V AC. A 700V high-voltage JFETstart-up circuit, which eliminates start-upresistor losses, is also integrated.

In addition, the devices feature a newproprietary asynchronous-jitter function, whichdecreases EMI emissions. Synchronised slope

compensation is also provided, which allowsstable peak-current-mode control over a wideinput-voltage range, and a proprietary internalline-compensation feature that ensures aconstant output-power limit over the entireuniversal line-voltage range.

With an internal avalanche-rugged 700VSenseFET, 5ms soft-start function, andadvanced protection features, these devicesrequire minimal external components andhence minimise power-supply bill-of-materialscosts.

Vishay has added 22 devices to its E Series of 650V N-channel powerMOSFETs, based on its next-generationsuperjunction technology that deliversultra-low on-state resistance as well aslow gate-charge resulting in anoutstanding Figure-Of-Merit (FOM) forpower-conversion applications.



Freescale’s KL02 series eases the transition from the legacy 8-bit world into the 32-bit ARM environment

Tiny low-power microcontrollers presentgateway to 32-bit development

Freescale Kinetis KL02 microcontrollersare entry-level Kinetis L series devicesbased on the ARM® Cortex™-M0+processor, offering ultra-low powerconsumption, advanced performanceand versatile integrated features incompact packages from a 2mm x 2mmWLCSP to 5mm x 5mm 32-pin QFN.

The KL02 devices are part of the Kinetis KL0family, which provides abridge for 8-bitcustomers migrating intothe Kinetis portfolio. Theyare software and toolcompatible with all otherKinetis L families, andalso pin compatible withFreescale’s 8-bit S08Pfamily.

The 32-bit ARMCortex-M0+ core deliversdouble the CoreMark/mAperformance compared

FREESCALE

APPLICATIONS• Low-power devices • Remote sensing nodes • Portable consumer devices • Ingestible healthcare sensors

FEATURES• 12-bit ADC• SMBus V2 compatible 400kbit/s I2C

interface• Security protection for RAM and Flash

contents• Integrated temperature sensor• Two 2-channel 16-bit low-power timer

PWM modules



to the closest 8/16-bit architecture, whileflexible low-power modes also allow highenergy efficiency. These include a newcompute mode which reduces dynamic powerby placing peripherals in an asynchronousstop mode. Low-power peripherals includingthe UART, SPI and timer also aid powerefficiency by continuing to operate duringpower-save modes without waking the core.

To encourage migration from 8-bit platforms,KL02 devices operate at 48MHz over the fullvoltage and temperature range, and the corehas a single-cycle I/O-access port thatfacilitates ‘bit banging’ and software-protocolemulation for an 8-bit ‘look and feel’.

World’s smallest proximity switchfeatures programmable sensitivity

Diodes’ AH1892 is a tiny, highly featured IC for detecting proximity and position

DIODES INCORPORATED

The AH1892 from Diodes Incorporatedis the world’s smallest programmableomnipolar Hall-effect switch. Around1/17th the size of common 3-pin TSOTalternatives, it is ideal for proximityand position detection inspace-constrained portableand battery-powered products.

Complementing the tiny 0.7mm x0.7mm x 0.5mm 4-pin packagedimensions, the AH1892 also hasintegrated pull-up resistors, whichsave more PCB space and simplifythe external circuit layout.

When the switch detects magneticflux density (B) greater than theoperating point (Bop), the output ispulled low and held until the fluxdensity falls below the release point(Brp). The 4-pin package has a Band-select pin that allows devicesensitivity to be programmed to one

of two predefined magnetic-sensitivity ranges,enabling use in multiple applications withdifferent field strengths. The sensitivity can alsobe adjusted on the fly via an external logicsource such as a microcontroller.

The AH1892 operates with supply voltagesfrom 1.6V to 3.6V, as commonly provided inportable and battery-powered applications,while the average current of 4.3µA in normaloperation helps to maximise battery life. To help

APPLICATIONS• Open/close detection• Docking or holster detectors• Tray, door or cover switches• General contactless switching

FEATURES• 4-pin U-WLB0707-4 package• 2.5mA output source/sink current• Low Bop range: ±18 to ±55 Gauss• Low Brp range: ±12 to ±45 Gauss• High Bop range: ±43 to ±80 Gauss• High Brp range: ±35 to ±70 Gauss• Typical hysteresis: 10 Gauss



improve product reliability during manufactureand use, the device provides protectionagainst electrostatic discharge to a level of 8kVon supply and output pins.

The operating and release points of theswitch are highly stable over the extendedtemperature range from -40ºC to 85ºC, andthe device also a very low temperaturecoefficient, resulting in high immunity to early orlate switching effects. The AH1892’s chopper-based design also offers high resistance to RFnoise and other circuit stresses.


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There is also a bit-manipulation engine forimproved bit handling of peripheral modules.

Devices start from 8kbyte of Flash in asmall-footprint 3mm x 3mm 16QFN package,extending up to 32kbyte in a choice of 16QFN,24QFN and 32QFN packages or 2mm x 2mmWLCSP. The WLCSP device is the world’ssmallest ARM-powered microcontroller.

LM75 temperature-sensor replacement adds precisiontemperature-drift monitoring

NXP SEMICONDUCTORSAPPLICATIONS

• System thermal management• Personal computers• Electronics equipment• Industrial controllers

FEATURES• Pin-for-pin replacement for LM75 series• 20kHz to 1MHz SMBus/I2C Fast-mode

Plus interface• Allows up to 27 devices on the bus• Operating-voltage range: 2.7V to 5.5V• ±2% accuracy over full temperature range:

-55°C to 125°C





Automotive MOSFETs run cooler for increasedreliability and lifetime

INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER

COOLiRFET MOSFETs meet demands for greater electrical energyefficiency in automotive applications

The family of 22 AEC-Q101 qualified 40V N-channel MOSFETs feature IR’s proven Gen12.7trench technology that delivers ultra-low on-state resistance in D2Pak-7P, D2Pak, DPak,TO-262, IPAK and TO-220 packages. Thebenchmark D2Pak-7P AUIRFS8409-7P has

maximum on-state resistance as low as0.75mΩ at gate-source voltage of 10V with acurrent rating up to 240A.

The new devices offer low conductionlosses and robust avalanche performance todeliver higher efficiency, power density andreliability. With this performance, manyapplications using these new COOLiRFETdevices run significantly cooler than with state-of-the-art MOSFETs, leading to increasedreliability and, ultimately, fewer warranty returnsfor vehicle manufacturers.

IR’s automotive MOSFETs are subject todynamic and static part-average testingcombined with 100% automated wafer-levelvisual inspection as part of IR’s automotivequality initiative targeting zero defects. Thenew devices are AEC-Q101 qualified, whichrequires that there is no more than a 20%change in on-state resistance after 1000temperature cycles of testing.

International Rectifier automotive-qualified COOLiRFET™ MOSFETsachieve benchmark low on-stateresistance, enabling high efficiency andreliability in heavy-load applicationssuch as Electric Power Steering (EPS)and braking systems in conventionaland micro-hybrid vehicles.

APPLICATIONS• EPS• Braking systems• Integrated starter/alternators• Pump, fan or positioning-motor controls

FEATURES• 40V breakdown voltage• Ultra-low on-resistance• Package options:

• D2Pak-7P (AUIRFS840x-7P)• D2Pak (AUIRFS840x)• DPak (AUIRFR840x)• TO-262 (AUIRFSL840x)• IPAK (AUIRFU840x)• TO-220 (AUIRFB840x)



Part Number Package VoltageRating

Maximum On-stateResistance @ VGS = 10V

Maximum DrainCurrent at 25°C

Typical Gate-charge @VGS = 10V

AUIRFS8409-7P D2Pak-7P 40V 0.75mΩ 240A 305nCAUIRFS8408-7P D2Pak-7P 40V 1mΩ 240A 210nCAUIRFS8407-7P D2Pak-7P 40V 1.3mΩ 240A 150nCAUIRFS8409 D2Pak 40V 1.2mΩ 195A 300nCAUIRFS8408 D2Pak 40V 1.6mΩ 195A 216nCAUIRFS8407 D2Pak 40V 1.8mΩ 195A 150nCAUIRFS8405 D2Pak 40V 2.3mΩ 120A 107nCAUIRFS8403 D2Pak 40V 3.3mΩ 120A 62nC

The NXP Semiconductors PCT2075temperature-to-digital converter is adrop-in replacement for LM75 seriesthermal sensors. It offers ±1°Caccuracy from -25°C to 100°C andtemperature resolution of0.125°C, which empowersthe host system to measurethermal drift or runaway.

The PCT2075 uses an on-chipband gap temperature sensor andSigma-Delta A-to-D conversiontechnique. It contains a number ofdata registers to store settings andmeasured-temperature data. It also hasan over-temperature detection output

(OS) at pin 3, which enables directreplacement of LM75 series thermal sensors.

The OS pin is an open-drain output thatbecomes active when the temperature

exceeds the programmedlimits. It can operate in eithercomparator mode or interruptmode, and its active statecan be selected as eitherhigh or low. The set-pointlimits and the fault queuedefining the number ofconsecutive faultsneeded to activate theOS output are

programmable.The PCT2075 can be

operated in normal mode,measuring ambient temperatureperiodically, or in shutdownmode drawing less than 1.0µAto minimise power consumption.


DETAILSON PAGE

21



32-bit microcontrollers integrate more reasons to migrate8-bit and 16-bit applications

GreenChip controllers combine to boost energy efficiencyand power-supply performance

FREESCALE

Freescale continues to expand itsKinetis microcontroller families, withthe latest KL16, KL26, KL34, KL36 andKL46 devices combining the 32-bit ARM®

Cortex™-M0+ core with increasedmemory resources, increased featureintegration such as a low-powersegment-LCD controller and I2S audioconnectivity, and packages rangingfrom 32QFN to 121MBGA.

The latest introductions provide extra choice atthe lower end of the Kinetis range fordevelopers targeting entry-level applications.With up to 256kbyte Flash now available on-chip, low-power applications can take

advantage of greater memory headroom. Inaddition, the low-power segment-LCDcontroller featured in the KL34, KL36 andKL46 allows convenient migration ofapplications currently running on older 8-bit or16-bit platforms to take advantage of theincreased processing performance of the 32-bitCortex-M0+ core. The KL24, KL25, KL26 andKL46A integrate a USB controller and Full-

Speed/Low-Speed USB transceiver.Developers using these microcontrollers also

benefit from the support of the extensiveFreescale enablement package that includesthe CodeWarrior® IDE with Processor Experttool, Freescale Freedom development platformand MQX™ Lite RTOS, as well as the ARMthird-party ecosystem.

Equipped with an integrated High-Voltage (HV)start-up current source, the TEA1720A is ahighly efficient low-power Switched-ModePower Supply (SMPS) controller that allowsprimary-side sensing of the output voltagethereby saving demand for secondarycomponents and an optocoupler. Its green

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• Battery chargers• USB chargers• TV or PC standby supplies

FEATURES• TEA1720A jitter function for reduced EMI• 0.3V cable compensation at maximum

power• Comprehensive protection features• TEA1705 offered in SOT23 package• External-component size and cost

reduction



APPLICATIONS• Battery-powered devices• White goods• Smart-building systems• Industrial controls• Human-interface controllers

FEATURES• 48MHz core with 4-channel DMA• Analogue interfaces• Multiple timers• On-chip oscillators, PLL, FLL• Multiple power-management modes



features include a power-save mode with verylow supply current in no-load conditions, in

addition to its ability to operate thepower supply at less than 10mW instandby mode. The HV start-up circuithas zero current consumption duringnormal switching operation.

The TEA1720A can be combinedwith the TEA1705, which is

used in the secondary side todeliver exceptionally fast

dynamic load response.The TEA1705 providesfast detection of adecreasing outputvoltage during loadsteps, and helps to

maintain an optimum chargeprofile to meet the requirements of

the latest battery-charging applications. Keyadvantages include ultra-low no-load powerand the use of small output capacitors therebysaving size and cost. Using this device,designers can differentiate compact low-powerchargers in the range of 5W to 10W.

Fairchild’s FSB1x7H: page 7Vishay’s MBL1xxS: page 11PARTNERWORKING

ON Semi’s STK672-050-E: page 15PARTNERWORKING

The NXP Semiconductors GreenChip portfolio enables engineers to increase performance and energy efficiency by improving control in both the primary and secondary sides of switched-mode power applications. Twoexamples are the TEA1720 high-voltage start-up flyback controller andthe TEA1705 transient controller.

Family Flash SRAM PinCount

Key FeaturesUSB OTG Segment LCD DMA ADC DAC I2S TSI

KL46 128-256kbyte 16-32kbyte 64-121 Yes Yes Yes 16-bit 12-bit Yes YesKL36 64-256kbyte 8-32kbyte 64-121 – Yes Yes 16-bit 12-bit Yes YesKL34 64kbyte 8kbyte 64-100 – Yes Yes 12-bit – – –KL26 128-256kbyte 16-32kbyte 64-121 Yes – Yes 16-bit 12-bit Yes YesKL25 32-128kbyte 4-16kbyte 32-80 Yes – Yes 16-bit 12-bit – YesKL24 32-64kbyte 4-8kbyte 32-80 Yes – Yes 12-bit – – –KL16 256kbyte 16-32kbyte 64-80 – – Yes 16-bit 12-bit Yes YesKL15 32-128kbyte 4-16kbyte 32-80 – – Yes 16-bit 12-bit – YesKL14 32-64kbyte 4-8kbyte 32-80 – – Yes 12-bit – – –

Freedom boards help designers to explore the features of the latestKinetis families



Miniature surface-mount bridge rectifiers targetlow-profile applications

Vishay's space-saving bridge rectifiers are available with voltage ratings of 400V, 600V, 800V or 1000V

VISHAY

Ultra space-saving connector compatible with standardflexible printed circuit

HIROSE

The miniature MBLS package, which iscompatible with the SOPA-4 and has a

maximum footprint of6.2mm x 5.1mm, hastypical height of 1.4mmand is suitable forautomated placement.As a family of single-phase, 1A rectifiers,these devices providea choice of reversevoltages from 400V to1000V and are ULsafety-agencyrecognised.

APPLICATIONS• Battery chargers• Lighting ballasts• Power supplies• Home appliances• Office equipment

FEATURES• 5µA reverse leakage current• Glass-passivated chip technology• 3.0A2s fusing rating



APPLICATIONS• LCD panels• Digital cameras• POS terminals• Small portable devices

FEATURES• 0.3mm pitch• 11, 19, 31 or 41 contact positions• 200mΩ maximum contact resistance• High shock, humidity and vibration ratings• Flat upper surface enabling automated

placement• 10 mating-cycles durability



Fairchild’s FSB1x7H: page 7NXP’s TEA1720A: page 10PARTNERWORKING

Part Number Maximum RepetitivePeak Reverse Voltage

Maximum AverageForward Current

Forward Voltage at 0.4A/25°C

Peak ForwardSurge Current

Maximum OperatingJunction Temperature

MBL104S 400V

1A 0.95V 30A 150°CMBL106S 600VMBL108S 800VMBL110S 1000V

The Hirose FH42 series comprisesspace-saving back-flip FPC-to-boardconnectors that provide an extremelyshort mounting depth of 3.08mm andvery low height of 0.65mm, and aresuitable for use with the extremely thin0.12mm Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC)of highly miniaturised end-products.

Although compact in size, FH42connectors are easy to mount on thePCB with double-sided contacts.The fully enclosed mouldedhousing ensures contactsare not exposed onthe connectorunderside,which freesboard designersto run conductivetraces underneath theconnector. In addition, a

nickel barrier on the contacts prevents solderwicking into the mating-contact area.

The connectors have a wide housing entryand tapered contacts that permit the FPC tobe inserted from a steep upright angle, whichallows other components to be placed closerto the connector entrance. In addition,innovative side catches featuring a curvedsurface also allow horizontal insertion of theFPC to ensure correct positioning. When theFPC travels over the side catches, an audibleand tactile click confirms correct mating. For

additional security, the housing features acut-out that allows a visual check to verify

the FPC is positioned correctly. Metalfittings located internally on each

side of the housing hold theFPC tabs firmly in place,ensuring FPC-retention

force of up to 7.25N for the 31-position, horizontal-direction

variant.The unique shape ofthe contacts applies

extra pressure onthe FPC to

enhance retention.

In addition, the contacts fully support theback-flip actuator axle during rotation makingthese ultra-small connectors extremely secureand exceptionally durable.

Vishay MBL104S, MBL106S, MBL108Sand MBL110S surface-mount bridgerectifiers have an extremely low profile,making them ideal for building ultra-slim battery chargers and lampballasts, as well as general-purposefull-wave rectification in a variety ofconsumer and industrial applications.

D E S I G N N O T E


Energy-saving regulations are driving the increased use ofthree-phase synchronous motors, but developing a suitablecontroller presents a more complex challenge than a simpletriac circuit to drive a universal motor. This Design Note byFairchild Semiconductor describes how a reference designbased around Smart Power Modules (SPM®) and theFCM8531 controller can simplify this challenge.

Bringing up a controller for a three-phase synchronous motor such as aBrushless DC (BLDC) motor or Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM) demands skills encompassing software development, high-voltage and power-electronic design, and system integration. The keyfunctional elements include a three-phase inverter comprising three pairsof MOSFET or IGBT switches and associated drivers. For AC-poweredapplications an input rectifier and sometimes a PFC stage is needed togenerate a high-voltage DC bus. A controller such as a DSP,microcontroller or dedicated controller runs a motor-control algorithm insoftware or firmware to generate the inverter PWM waveforms. Tocomplete the controller, motor-current sensing circuitry and auxiliarypower supplies are also required.

For projects where time or engineering resources are limited, theFEBFCM8531DVK_B02A evaluation board and reference design cansimplify development and reduce time to market. It is suitable for AC-powered motor drives from 50W to 1kW.

The AC power input at line voltage is rectified to produce a high-voltageDC bus. If PFC is required, developers can connect their own PFCcircuit to the DC part of the board.

A buck circuit generates auxiliary power using the FSL206 FairchildPower Switch (FPS™) AC regulator, which combines a high-voltageanalogue controller and a high-voltage avalanche-rated MOSFET. Theinterface for the FSL206 is optimised for use with an optocoupler. Usingthe newly released FSL306 FPS AC regulator, which is dedicated forbuck and non-isolated applications, would save additional components.

The output stage consists of an SPM® 45 series power module. Thiscontains six IGBTs, their drivers, a temperature sensor and the bootstrapdiodes and resistors needed for the bootstrap circuit. The transfer-moulded package delivers high reliability over temperature cycling, whichis difficult to achieve with gel-filled modules.

The power range of the SPM 45 series extends to over 1kW. Forpower levels up to 150W the smaller SPM 5 series can be used. Thesemodules use 500V and 600V MOSFETs instead of the 600V IGBTs usedin the SPM 45 series. However, it is not immediately obvious whichproduct should be chosen as this depends on the motor loadconditions: the faster the specified acceleration, the higher the currentneeded, this depending on the load inertia.

The Motion Control Design Tool on Fairchild Semiconductor’s websiteis a useful tool for identifying which SPM part is needed for theapplication. After the operating conditions are entered, it provides anestimate for the required heatsink and also estimates the thermal cyclingduring a rotation. This is an important factor determining reliability.

Users of the FCM8531 do not need to know about motion-controlalgorithms. These, and the driver routines for the inverter stage, areintegrated into the advanced motion-controller section of the FCM8531.A user interface for auto-tuning, as shown in Figure 2, helps to identifythe key motor parameters, determine the required code and compile thecode in background, allowing designers to get the motor to turn withoutwriting any code at all.

To develop the application further, for example allowing control of themotor speed and direction via a user-defined interface, a C programme can be written to do this control using up to nine general-purpose I/O pins in addition to those used for motion control.

Advanced users with detailed understanding and experience ofmotion-control algorithms and software and the understanding neededto certify their high-voltage motion-control application can also takeadvantage of the development board to interface their preferredmicrocontroller or digital processor to the power components provided.


Getting three-phase synchronousmotors to turn


Fig. 2: Evaluation board and user interface

Fig. 1: Evaluation board and reference design based on FCM8531 controller and SPM module



This Design Note from Micrel describes the digital andanalogue building blocks in today’s motor-control systems,which are used to achieve key goals such as such ascontrolling the rotor speed and direction of rotation as wellas minimising drift and motor fatigue.

Demands for greater energy efficiency, reduced power consumption andincreased reliability are key drivers for the adoption of electronicallycontrolled motor drives in a wide variety of consumer, automotive andindustrial/commercial applications, as summarised in Table 1.

The ready availability of high-performance microcontrollers enables today’sengineers to control motor actions dynamically in response to environmentalstresses and conditions. This helps to extend the operational lifetime andminimise maintenance demands, which translates into lower costs.

As far as motor manufacturers are concerned, 3-phase Brushless-DC(BLDC) motors are usually preferred as they offer greater torque for lesspower and are more reliable since there is no direct contact between thecommutator and electrical terminals. Since the BLDC motor iscommutated electronically, it is much easier to control the torque andspeed of the motor over a broad speed range. However, controlling a 3-phase motor is a complex task that requires effective interactionbetween the digital and analogue components of the controller.

Key aspects that should be considered when combining analoguecomponents and a microcontroller in a 3-phase BLDC motor controllerinclude identifying the appropriate power-management devices andpower-level shifters that allow microcontrollers to drive motors frompower sources typically at voltages from 12V up to 300V DC. There areseveral ways to drive a BLDC motor. Some basic system requirementsinclude:

• Power transistors. These are typically MOSFETs or IGBTs that canwithstand high voltages, matched to the requirements of the motor.Most home appliances use motors rated at around 370W to 550W. Assuch, the typical drive current required may be up to 10A. For a high-voltage system, typically over 350V, IGBTS may be used.• MOSFET/IGBT drivers. Typically, a set of MOSFET or IGBT driversare used. These can be either half-bridge drivers or 3-phase drivers, andmust withstand twice the motor voltage to account for the back EMFgenerated from the motors. Furthermore, these drivers should protect thepower transistors by providing timing and switching control to make surethe top transistors are turned off before the bottom transistors turn on.

• Feedback elements and control. In every servo-control system, theremust be some kind of feedback element. These may include opticalsensors, Hall-effect sensors, tachometers or simple back-EMF sensingresistors. Depending upon the precision required, and rotor speed andtorque, different feedback methods are used. In most consumerapplications, sensorless back-EMF sensing is preferred.• Analogue-to-digital converter. In many cases, an ADC is required toconvert the analogue signals to digital for processing by the MCU.• Microcontroller. The microcontroller performs the servo-loop control,calculations, corrections, proportional-integral (PID) controls and sensormanagement. • Analogue power stage, regulators and references. In addition tothe components mentioned, many systems would have auxiliary power,regulation, voltage conversion and other analogue devices such assupervisors, LDO regulators, DC/DC converters, and op-amps.

Figure 1 illustrates how these elements are combined to control a typicalBLDC-motor application.

ConclusionThere is a current trend to take advantage of the increased efficiency ofBLDC motors in many markets and applications, to gain key benefitssuch as increased energy efficiency of around 75% compared to 40%for an AC motor, lower heat generation, higher reliability, and safeoperation in dangerous environments since no conductive brush dust isgenerated. In automotive applications, BLDC motors also allow weightsavings in key subsystems resulting in enhanced fuel economy.

Many countries are now either providing or planning to providesubsidies to encourage adoption of BLDC motors to help overcomechallenges such as fulfilling carbon-reduction pledges and reducingdemand on power-distribution infrastructure. As such, effective, cost-efficient design of BLDC-motor controllers has a key role in helping tosave the earth’s resources without reducing quality of life.

MICREL

Considerations for the design of 3-phase BLDC-motor controllers

Fig. 1: Typical functional block diagram of a 24V BLDC motor control.

D E S I G N N O T E


Segments Driving Force Applications

Automotive Fuel savings, higher efficiency and reliability

Electrical pumps, power steeringand windscreen wipers

White Goods EU drive towards clean energyand power efficiency

Washers, dryers, refrigerators and air-conditioning

Industrial EU inverter-drive power efficiency Pumps, fans and heaters

Home Appliances Clean energy and power efficiencygovernment subsidy

Blenders, refrigerators and HVAC appliances

Table 1: Demands for electronically controlled motor drives.

Motion Control & SensingSmarter motor drives save cost and help to reduce climatechange. According to the Carbon Trust around half of all motorapplications, including fans, pumps and precision tools, arecharacterised by varying demand, andusing a variable-speed drive to slowthe motor by 20% can reduce energyconsumption by as much as 50%. Thelatest technologies from Future'ssuppliers can help to create efficient,compact, quiet and reliable solutions ata competitive price and within a shortdevelopment timeframe. This month’s Application Spotlight,

dedicated to motion control andsensing, shows how FairchildSemiconductor’s family of smart powermodules and Motion-Control DesignTool, featured below and on page 18,help designers to deal with a variety ofmotor types, system requirements andenvironmental constraints.Further examples of smart and highly integrated controllers

include ON Semiconductor's large portfolio of stepper-motordrivers, on pages 16 and 18.

These offer designers a broad selection of operating voltages,output currents, protection features and support for controlstrategies such as stall detection, braking and simplified micro-

stepping control.The latest developments in motor-

drive essentials include the AvagoTechnologies optocouplers anddevelopment board on page 19,Vishay IGBT modules, diodes andrectifiers on pages 15 and 17, andNXP Semiconductors’ KMA2xxmagneto-resistive sensors on page 16.NXP’s LPC1800 microcontrollers, onpage 20, integrate special features formotor control including an innovativetimer subsystem allowing user-definedwaveforms and control signals.Finally, this month’s Design Notes

on pages 12 and 13, from FairchildSemiconductor and Micrel Inc., areessential reading for engineers

seeking to understand the architecture of modern motor drivesand how to simplify design and achieve a best-in-classsolution. So now you’re up to speed.

A P P L I C A T I O N S P O T L I G H T – M O T I O N C O N T R O L & S E N S I N G

14 F R E E D E V E L O P M E N T K I T S A T W W W . M Y - B O A R D C L U B . C O M

Space-saving power module for energy-efficientautomotive electrical drives

Fairchild's Auto SPM family delivers power-module advantages forautomotive applications


The FTCO3V455A1 Auto SPM®, fromFairchild Semiconductor, is anautomotive-qualified, 40V/150A 3-phaseinverter power module which allowsdesigners of higher-power electricalsubsystems to produce compact andeconomical drives capable ofsustaining high torque output.

As a 3-phase, variable-speed motor-drivemodule for applications up to 2kW, theFTCO3V455A1 simplifies design, reducesdevelopment time and saves cost byeliminating numerous components such asinterconnections, fixings and thermalmanagement associated with a discretesolution. The module is not only compact,measuring 44mm x 29mm, but also providesan energy-efficient solution by incorporatingadvanced trench MOSFETs featuring low on-state resistance.

The FTCO3V455A1 is optimised for 12Vbattery systems, and includes a precision

APPLICATIONS• Electric and electro-hydraulic power

steering• Electric water pumps• Electric oil pumps• Electric fans

FEATURES• UL compliant• Integrated temperature sensing• Easy and reliable installation• High current-handling capability• 5.0mm nominal package height



shunt resistor accurate to within 1% for currentsensing, an NTC thermistor for temperaturesensing, and an RC snubber circuit to ensurereliable operation even when exposed to highlevels of ambient electrical noise.

The module package has an isolation ratingof 2500VRMS and uses Direct-Bonded Copper(DBC) technology to maximise thermalefficiency. Low junction-to-heatsink thermal

resistance helps designers to achieve efficientcooling to ensure reliability over a wideambient-temperature range, while provision forscrew mounting simplifies installation.

APPLICATIONS• Motor controls• Power supplies• Power-Factor Correction (PFC)• Induction heating• DC/DC converters• Inverters

FEATURES• Low thermal resistance• Electrically isolated baseplate• Ultrafast-diode modules:

• Customisable forward-voltage/rise-timetrade-off

• IGBT modules• Customisable IGBT speed/topology• Short-circuit capability available




VISHAY

Vishay has a selection of powermodules in the industry-standard SOT-227 outline combining ease of useand convenient parallel connection, alow package profile, and enhancedthermal efficiency for use in numerousindustrial applications including motorcontrollers and general powerconversion and conditioning.

The range includes FRED Pt® and HEXFRED®

ultrafast diode modules with current ratingsfrom 80A to 280A and voltage up to 1200V.These modules provide ultrasoft recoverycharacteristics and low forward voltage.

High-efficiency IGBT Modules are alsoavailable in the SOT-227 package, givingdesigners a choice of Punch-Through (PT),Non Punch-Through (NPT) and Trench IGBTtechnologies for use at switching frequenciesfrom 1kHz to 150kHz. Configurations offeredinclude single switches, with or withoutantiparallel diodes, and choppers.

Power modules combine choice, ease of use andenhanced thermal performance


IGBT Modules

Part Number CircuitVCES IC at TC

(V) (A) (°C)

VS-GB90DA120U Single Switch with Diode 1200 90 90VS-GB90SA120U Single Switch with Diode 1200 90 90VS-GB90DA60U Single Switch with Diode 600 90 90VS-GT140DA60U Single Switch with Diode 600 140 90VS-GT175DA120U Single Switch with Diode 1200 175 90VS-GA200SA60UP Single Switch with Diode 600 100 100VS-GA250SA60S Single Switch with Diode 600 250 90VS-GA100NA60UP Chopper High Side 600 50 100VS-GB50LA120UX Chopper Low Side 1200 57 80VS-GB50NA120UX Chopper High Side 1200 57 80VS-GB70LA60UF Chopper Low Side 600 76 80VS-GB70NA60UF Chopper High Side 600 76 80VS-GT100LA120UX Chopper Low Side 1200 92 80VS-GT100NA120UX Chopper High Side 1200 92 80

Diode Modules

Part Number VRRM(A)

IF(AV) at TCTypical TRR@ 25°C

(A) (°C) (ns)

VS-UFB80FA20 200 80 129 34VS-UFB80FA40 400 80 121 68VS-UFB80FA60 600 80 104 79VS-UFL80FA60 600 80 115 115VS-UFB130FA20 200 130 126 42VS-UFB130FA40 400 130 114 86VS-UFB130FA60 600 130 92 79VS-UFL130FA60 600 130 98 105VS-UFB201FA40 400 200 86 80VS-UFB280FA20 200 280 100 34VS-UFB280FA40 400 280 90 93VS-UFB230FA60 600 230 88 83VS-UFL230FA60 600 230 102 104VS-UFB250FA60 600 250 113 166VS-UFB310CB40 400 155 135 89VS-UFL200CB60P 600 200 136 111VS-HFA70FA120 1200 70 94 134VS-HFA70EA120 1200 70 121 145VS-HFA90FA120 1200 90 63 80VS-HFA140FA60 600 140 110 90VS-HFA140FA120 1200 140 74 145VS-HFA220FA120 1200 220 68 157

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

Stepper-motor driver in hybridpackage simplifies high-power design

The ON Semiconductor STK672-050-Estepper-motor driver is a single-channeldriver which is capable of supplying upto 5A and is housed in a high-powerSIP22 hybrid package.

The STK672-050-E integrates power MOSFETsin the output stage and also features an on-chip 4-phase distribution stepper-motorcontroller that enables designers to simplify

and standardise applications resulting in lowercosts and shorter time to market. The driversupports five excitation modes, and canprovide control of the basic stepping angle ofthe stepper motor divided into 1/16-step units.It also allows the motor speed to be controlledwith only a clock signal.

By using this hybrid IC, designers canimplement systems that provide high motortorque, low vibration levels, low noise, fastresponse, and high energy efficiency.

APPLICATIONS• Plotter pen drives• Printers• Copiers

FEATURES• Supply-voltage range: 10V to 45V• PWM pseudo-sinewave control• Phase retention even if excitation is

switched• Noise-free operation• Built-in 0.2Ω current-detection resistor


my-ftm.com/130724FOR PARTS ANDLATEST PRICINGFreescale’s KL16/26/34/36/46: pagePARTNERWORKING



Robust system-in-module angular sensors provide vitallink in automotive position controls

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

Stepper-motor control familyprovides rich selection of features

Contactless measurement using the KMA2xx series ensures long-term accuracy and reliability

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

NXP Semiconductors KMA2xx seriesmagneto-resistive sensors forcontactless angular measurementstarget a variety of automotiveapplications, such as feeding backthrottle, pedal or wiper positions, orposition sensing for active-suspensionor Electronic Stability Programme(ESP) functions.

ON Semiconductor AMIS-30xxx bridgecontrollers and drivers for bipolarstepper motors provide designers with aselection of features to suit a variety ofapplication requirements.

The AMIS-30421 and AMIS-30422 bridgecontrollers feature integrated H-bridge pre-drivers for external N-type MOSFETs, and giveusers the flexibility to set a current-sourcevalue for slope regulation and to insert aninterlock delay to prevent short circuits. Thesmart slope control allows compliance withindustrial and automotive Electro-MagneticCompatibility (EMC) regulations. Both devicesfeature a dedicated analogue output indicatingspeed and load angle, which allows designersto create stall-detection algorithms and controlloops based on load angle to adjust torqueand speed. The AMIS-30421 has eight stepmodes from full step to 64 micro steps, and ishoused in a 44-pin QFN44 package. TheAMIS-30422 has resolution of up to 128 micro

steps. Its QFN48 package has an additionalHold-current input pin that allows designers tobuild applications featuring run- and hold-current capability, and to switch quickly andeasily between two coil-current values.

By implementing a full H-bridge for each ofthe two stator windings of a bipolar steppermotor, the AMIS-30543 provides a single-chipdriver solution requiring minimal externalcomponents. Each H-bridge consists of twolow-side and two high-side N-type MOSFETswitches. The peak current is programmableup to 3A, and the driver has a preset interlockdelay to prevent top and bottom switches of the

Key benefits of these devices are highimmunity to magnetic drift over lifetime ortemperature, low dependence on mechanicaltolerances, and insensitivity to mechanicalshifts caused by thermal stress.

The sensors are complete system-in-package devices that require no externalcomponents, and combine NXP’s advancedsensor-chip fabrication technology andautomotive-grade ABCD9 ASIC technology.Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)performance is significantly enhancedcompared to previous sensor products withintegrated ASICs, and the sensors are qualifiedaccording to the new Human Metal Model(HMM) resulting in high robustness andexcellent Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)behaviour.

The KMA210 and KMA221 are single-channel modules that combine the magneto-resistive sensor and signal-conditioning ASIC,as well as blocking and output capacitors,enabling designers to avoid any requirementfor external components.

The KMA220 is a dual magnetic sensordesigned for all automotive applications wherea mechanical angle needs to be measured.Incorporating two sensor systems in a singlepackage, with output capacitors for each

same half-bridge conducting simultaneously.The driver has eleven step modes from fullstep to 128 micro steps.

The AMIS-30543 can be controlled usingeither a 3.3V or 5V microcontroller, and has anon-chip 5V regulator, whereas the AMIS-30421and AMIS-30422 are compatible with 3.3Vmicrocontrollers and integrate a 3.3V regulator.All the AMIS-30xxx devices use a proprietaryPWM algorithm which ensures reliable currentcontrol.

APPLICATIONS• HVAC controls• Industrial automation• Textile equipment• High-power actuators • General manufacturing equipment

FEATURES• SPI host connection• Full output protection and diagnostics• Thermal warning and shutdown• Integrated microcontroller-reset function• Fully integrated current sense (AMIS-30543

only)



APPLICATIONS• Throttle-position sensors• Pedal-position sensors• Active suspension and ESP systems• Wiper controls• Electronic steering

FEATURES• 160°C maximum operating temperature• 16V over-voltage capability• Supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 5.5V• 8kV (HMM) ESD protection of external

pins



channel and a blocking capacitor, it enables acompact solution where a redundant-sensorarrangement is required, such as in a drive-by-wire accelerator control. The KMA220operates in a simple disk-magnetconfiguration, with no need for a PCB orexternal components.

The AMIS-30xxx family provides choice for designers and takescomplexity out of stepper-controller design



VISHAY

High-performance diodes and rectifiers deliver choicesfor optimum efficiency in motion-control applications


Vishay FRED Pt® diodes and rectifiersare available in a variety of surface-mount and through-hole packages,enabling designers to combine highenergy efficiency and reliability withease of use in power-switchingapplications ranging from electricvehicles to electronic lamp ballasts.

Among the devices available, the latest Gen2650V FRED Pt ultrafast diodes have highblocking-voltage capability enabling additionalsafety margins and higher power density. Awide variety of forward voltage versus reverse-recovery time ratios is available, which helpsdesigners to maximise energy efficiency.Devices are offered in TO-220, DPAK, D2PAK,TO-247 or Powertab packages.

The family of 10 solderable FRED Pthyperfast and ultrafast rectifiers are suitable foruses such as PFC diodes, boost diodes orfreewheeling diodes. The range includes theindustry’s first 3A devices in the SMA package,3A and 4A devices in the SMB package, and4A and 5A devices in the SMC package.

Designers using these devices can choosefrom U-speed ultrafast or H-speed hyperfastvariants. The H devices combine extremelyfast and soft recovery time with low forward-voltage drop and reverse-leakage current toreduce switching losses in applicationsoperating at higher frequencies. The U series,for operation at lower frequencies, offers amuch lower forward-voltage drop to optimiseconduction losses.

This bipolar/MOSFET combination provideshigh peak current during the Miller-plateaustage of the MOSFET turn-on/turn-off processto minimise switching loss, while providing rail-to-rail voltage swing and reverse-currentcapability.

The LDO can be used to power a hostmicrocontroller or ASIC, in addition toproviding a strong gate drive for an externalsemiconductor switch. It delivers outputcurrent of 15mA with tight voltage tolerance of±1% at 25°C and ±2.5% of total variation.

The FAN3180 has a wide operating-voltagerange, from 5V to 18V, and has an inputUnder-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) to ensureorderly startup. As a combined low-side driverand LDO, it not only provides an economicaland space-saving solution for low-powermotor-control applications, but can also beused in general switched-mode powerconversion and consumer products.

To enable smaller PCBs in space-constrained motor-control applicationssuch as portable power tools, as wellas simplifying design enabling shortertime to market, the FairchildSemiconductor FAN3180 combines a2A low-side driver with an integrated3.3V LDO regulator.

The gate driver is rated to 2.8A peak currentwhen the supply voltage is 12V, and isdesigned to drive an N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET in low-side switchingapplications. It delivers fast MOSFET-switchingperformance and incorporates the MillerDrive™

architecture for the final output-driver stage.

Low-side driver with LDO targets space-constrained motor controls

APPLICATIONS• Electric and hybrid-electric vehicles• Solar inverters• Welding machines• Power supplies• Lighting ballasts

FEATURES• Wide range of rated currents• High blocking-voltage capability• Operating junction temperature up

to 175°C



APPLICATIONS• Portable power tools• Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)• Consumer electronics

FEATURES• TTL-compatible input thresholds• Non-inverting logic configuration• 200µA maximum standby current• 23ns typical delay time• 19ns/13ns rise/fall times with 1nF load• Built-in thermal shutdown



NXP’s LPC1800: page 20PARTNERWORKING

Part Number CurrentRating Voltage Forward Voltage at

Rated CurrentTypical Reverse-recovery Time Package Options

VS-FD056H07A6BN 2A

650V

1.25V 38ns DPAKVS-FD072H07A6BN 6A 1.7V 30ns DPAK, TO-220VS-FD083H07A6BN 8A 1.7V 30ns DPAK, D2PAK, TO-220VS-FD111H07A6BN 15A 1,68V 37ns DPAK, D2PAK, TO-220VS-FD117H07A6BN 18A 1.52V 37ns D2PAK, TO-220VS-FD145H07A6BN 30A 1.7V 39ns D2PAK, TO-220VS-FD157H07A6BN 35A 1.7V 41ns TO-247VS-FD184H07A6BN 60A 1.65V 42ns TO-247VS-FD197H07A6BN 70A 1.75V 47ns TO-247VS-FD310H07A6BN 100A 2.2V 54ns Powertab

Part Number Package IF(AV)(A) VR (V)

VF @IF (V)

Typical TRR@ Rated IF

(ns)

VS-3EMH06-M3 SMA 3 600 1.7 35VS-3EMU06-M3 SMA 3 600 1.35 41VS-3EGH06-M3 SMB 3 600 1.7 35VS-3EGU06-M3 SMB 3 600 1.35 41VS-4EGH06-M3 SMB 4 600 1.95 30VS-4EGU06-M3 SMB 4 600 1.3 45VS-4ECH06-M3 SMC 4 600 1.85 30VS-4ECU06-M3 SMC 4 600 1.3 45VS-5ECH06-M3 SMC 5 600 1.95 30VS-5ECU06-M3 SMC 5 600 1.35 45

Ultrafast diodes

Surface-mount rectifiers

The range of ratings and package types available satisfies a widevariety of applications



Versatile power modules and dedicateddesign tool speed-up motion-control design

http://www.fairchildsemi.com/design_tools/motion_control_design_tool/index.html


The Fairchild Semiconductor MotionSPM® portfolio features highly integrateddevices such as the SPM45 IGBTseries and SPM 5 FRFET® series. Thecompact modules combine motion-control and power-stage functionalityfor space, cost and power savings, andare supported by a developmentecosystem that includes Fairchild’s web-based Motion-Control Design Tool.

Among the versatile families of Fairchild SPMdevices, the FNA41560 for low-power AC-motor drives is a member of the SPM 45series and integrates a 600V 15A three-phaseinverter bridge with control ICs for gate drivingand protection.

As an SPM 45 series device, the FNA41560features Fairchild’s SPM45H 39mm x 23mmpackage resulting in an exceptionally smallmodule offering outstanding reliability. Themodule combines low-loss short-circuit ratedIGBTs and optimised gate drivers in a fullyisolated package to deliver a simple androbust design. There is also a built-in NTC

The online Motor-Design Tool provides sophisticated featuressupporting design with all SPM smart power modules

APPLICATIONS• FAN41560

• Air conditioners• Refrigerators• Low-frequency industrial motor drives

FEATURES• FAN41560

• Integrated Under-Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO)• Over-current protection input• 20V control-circuit supply voltage• Fault-output pin• Isolation-voltage rating:

2000VRMS for 1 minute • 26-pin through-hole package



ON SEMICONDUCTOR

Stepper-motor driver portfolio maximises choice, safetyand energy efficiency

ON Semiconductor has stepper-motordrivers for a wide range of motion-control applications, including singleand dual-drive parts in voltage rangesof 1.5V to 42V, motor-driving current ofup to 5A, and features such as micro-stepping, over-current protection,temperature measurement and drive-current control.

The LB1838M is a single-channel 1A driveroptimised for low input-voltage applications. Itcan operate from a supply as low as 2.5V upto 9V. The output has a low saturation voltageof 0.2V, which helps to maximise energyefficiency. Built-in features include spark-killerdiodes and a thermal-shutdown circuit.

The LV8741V is a constant-current controldriver that supports full-step, half-step, half-step/full torque and quarter-step excitationmodes. It has output resistance of 1Ω,contributing to high efficiency, and allows four-step selectable motor current enabling

designers to minimise application powerconsumption. A Latch-off/hiccup inputsupports safe design, and an External-clockinput is available allowing easy control ofmicro-stepping operation.

The LV8711T constant-current control driveris featured for safety-conscious applications,and includes short-circuit protection and adedicated warning output for abnormalconditions. It supports full-step and half-stepexcitation modes, and has a brake function,built-in low-voltage detection circuit andparallel-input control, yet is packaged as aTSSOP24 device measuring only 6.4mm x6.5mm. The LV8711T also has very lowstandby current, which helps to minimiseapplication power consumption.

The LV8746V is a 1A PWM constant-currentcontrol driver, supporting full-step, half-step,half-step/full-torque and quarter-step excitationmodes. It features low output resistance of1.54Ω, motor current selectable in four steps,and Clock-in and Parallel-input pins allowingsupport for various input types.

The LV8731V is a two-channel H-bridgeDC-motor driver capable of supplying outputcurrent up to 2A and having very low outputresistance of 0.55Ω enabling high efficiency and

APPLICATIONS• Precision industrial drives• Security cameras• Laboratory equipment• Robotics

FEATURES• 14-pin to 44-pin surface-mount packages• Low-voltage operation (LB1838M) or 9V

to 32V/35V• Direct connection to stepper motor



good thermal performance. It operates from asupply between 9V and 32V, and has four-stepselectable output current as well as latch-off orhiccup over-current protection. Aforward/reverse/brake/stand-by function isprovided, and the LV8731V also has a dedicatedoutput pin for abnormal-condition warning.

sensor for temperature monitoring, and thepackage has a designated case-temperaturedetecting point for optimum monitoring.

The Motion Control Design Tool helps toselect the best Fairchild Motion SPM™ modulesfor specific applications. Part selection isbased on detailed entry of application-specificinput and output information. The tool providesvisibility of module component losses,junction-temperature increase and junction-temperature ripple, which has an appreciableimpact on module lifetime. Its tabulated andgraphical formats are easily interpreted. Keyperformance indicators such as module losses

and temperature rise are expressed in relationto parameters such as switching frequencyand phase current, which helps designers todetermine quickly the correct course of actionwhen optimising the design. A loss-distributiongraph allows designers to evaluate tradeoffsbetween switching and conduction losses ofthe selected Motion SPM device in the targetapplication.



AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES

Industry’s fastest optocouplers combineprotection and gate drive for power MOSFETs

AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES

Evaluation board speeds-up design with high-speed, high-output optocouplers

APPLICATIONS• Motor drives • Switching power supplies • General MOSFET gate driving

FEATURES• 50ns max. propagation-delay difference• LED current input with hysteresis• 4mA max. supply current• 50kV/µs Common-Mode Rejection (CMR) • Under-Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO)

protection with hysteresis• Operating-temperature range:

-40°C to 105°C


APPLICATIONS• Motor drives • Switch-mode power supplies • General MOSFET gate driving

FEATURES• Unpopulated locations for MOSFETs in

TO-220 or TO-247 packages• Removable jumpers for connection of

negative supply• Bootstrap diode and resistor connected

by default• Downloadable user guide• Device SPICE model available



Avago Technologies’ ACPL-P/W345and ACPL-P/W346 high-speed gate-drive optocouplers for driving high-power MOSFETs and Silicon Carbide(SiC) MOSFETs are twice as fast asprevious-generation devices, makingthem ideal for high switching-frequency applications suchas motor control,inverters, andSwitch-mode PowerSupplies (SPS).

The devices integrate arail-to-rail power-outputstage capable of operatingfrom up to 20V supply, andhave peak-current capability of1.5A for the ACPL-P/W345, or2.5A for the ACPL-P/W346.

By connecting directly to theMOSFET gate, combining insulation,protection and gate-drive functionality, the

ACPL-P/W345 and ACPL-P/W346 help tosimplify design and eliminate circuitry such asa dedicated driver IC. In addition to theiroutstanding gate-driving capabilities, thedevices offer precision high-speed operationwith propagation delay less than 120ns.

For MOSFETs with higher ratings, theoptocoupler can be used to control a discretepower stage which drives the MOSFET gate.

The ACPL-P345 and ACPL-P346 providemaximum working insulation voltage (VIORM) of891VPEAK, while the ACPL-W345 and ACPL-W346 have VIORM of 1140VPEAK, according to

the international safetystandard IEC 60747-5-5.The devices also haveCanadian CSA approvaland are recognised underUL1577 up to isolationvoltage (VISO) of3750VRMS for the ACPL-P345/6 and 5000VRMSfor the ACPL-W345/6.Devices are offered inthe stretched SO-6

package, with creepageand clearance up to 8mm

(ACPL-W345/6).

The optocouplers have short delayand rise/fall times and canoutput up to 2.5A fordriving high-voltagepower MOSFETor Silicon Carbide(SiC) MOSFET gates.

Each of the ACPL-P346/ACPL-W346evaluation boardsaccommodates two ACPL-P346/ACPL-W346 ICs,which is sufficient to drive boththe top and the bottom arms of ahalf-bridge inverter. This allows the designer toeasily test the performance of a gate driver in

an actual application under real-life operatingconditions. The isolation circuitry is containedwithin a small area of the board, whilemaintaining adequate spacing for good voltageisolation and easy assembly.

To operate the evaluation board, thedesigner can simply connect a 5V DC isolatedsupply on the input side and an isolated DCsupply between 12V and 20V for the bottom

arm of the inverter power MOSFET.The evaluation board generates a

bootstrap DC supply for thetop arm under a default

configuration whenshipped.

The evaluationboard also allows

designers to chooseone of seven power-supply

schemes to find the optimumscheme for the target application. The

available schemes allow designers tochoose a simple two-supply setup or more

complex arrangements comprising extrapower supplies or DC/DC converters fordesigns using positive and negative suppliesor large power MOSFETs that are not suitablefor use with bootstrap power supplies.

Avago Technologies has produced anevaluation board to help withprototyping power-MOSFET gate-driving and protection circuitry basedon its latest ACPL-P346 and ACPL-W346 high-speed optocouplers.






High-performance microcontrollers feature innovativeperipherals for motor control

Packages are available with increased clearance for high-voltage pins


NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

The FSB50250A/AT andFSB50660SF/SFT are Fairchild SPM® 5series power modules in 29mm x 12mmx 3.1mm full-pack packages, eachcontaining six MOSFETs, three half-bridge gate-drive High-Voltage ICs(HVICs) with temperature sensing, andthree bootstrap diodes.

The MOSFET technologies inside these modulesprovide for greater ruggedness and alarger safe operating area compared toother inverter-drive modules based onIGBTs. The FSB50250A andFSB50250AT have 500V FRFET® fast-recovery MOSFETs with on-state resistanceof 3.8Ω, whereas the FSB50660SF andFSB50660SFT have 600V SuperFET®

super-junction MOSFETs with very lowon-state resistance of 700mΩ.

The low-side MOSFETs are connectedto independent open-source pins,

thereby allowing three-leg current sensing. TheHVICs integrated in each module implementthe gate-driving functionality and under-voltageprotection, and have active-high inputscapable of working with 3.3V or 5V logic. Acombination of optimised switching speed andlow parasitic inductance minimise radiatedEMI, enabling designers to achieve aneconomical solution in a wide variety ofconsumer and industrial applications.

The full-pack packages are fully isolated andoptimised for high thermal performance, whichsimplifies design and helps enhance reliabilitywhen used in space-constrained applications.The standard 23-pin package of the

FSB50250A and FSB50660SF has creepageand clearance allowing safe high-voltageoperation. To help simplify PCB layout, theFSB50250AT and FSB50660SFT provideincreased separation between the MOSFEThigh-side bias-voltage (VB) pins, which are at ahigh potential, and adjacent low-side bias-voltage (VCC) pins.

APPLICATIONS• Air conditioners• Refrigerators• Machine tools• General low-power motor drives

FEATURES• 600V DC-link input voltage• 20V control supply voltage• Isolation-voltage rating:

1500VRMS for 1 minute• Built-in temperature sensing• Embedded bootstrap diode



APPLICATIONS• Industrial control• Motor control• Power conversion and lighting

FEATURES• Optional colour-LCD controller• Eight-channel DMA controller• Two 10-bit ADCs, 10-bit DAC• I2S interface• System-safety features



Fairchild’s FAN3180: page 17PARTNERWORKING


DETAILSON PAGE

21

modes. Also, the devices are pin-compatiblewith the LPC4300 series featuring the dual-core Cortex-M4/M0 processor, giving extraflexibility to scale and future-proof designs.

Combining the ARM® Cortex™-M3 corewith peripherals including a motor-control PWM block and quadrature-encoder interface, state-configurabletimer, up to four 32-bit timers, aCAN2.0B controller, EthernetMAC and USB2.0 support,NXP Semiconductors’LPC1800 microcontrollerscan fulfil numerous industrial-control applications.

The LPC1800 series compriseslow-power, high-performancemicrocontrollers running at up to180MHz. The state-configurabletimer subsystem of these devicescomprises a timer array with a statemachine, enabling complex functionalityincluding event-controlled PWM-waveformgeneration, ADC synchronisation and dead-time control. This provides increased flexibilityfor embedded designers to create user-defined waveforms and control signals for

many applications including motor control,power conversion and lighting.

In addition to peripherals effectivelysimplifying networked motion-controlapplications, these devices also offeradvantages such as large on-chip memoriesincluding dual-bank Flash of up to 1Mbyte, upto 200kbyte SRAM in multiple banks withindividual power-down control, and OTP ROM

with the benefit of secureOTP-key storage. Byproviding dual-bank Flash,these devices are able tosupport in-application re-programming with theutmost dependability. Inaddition, an innovativequad-SPI enables high-speed interfacing withquad-lane SPI off-chipmemories at up to

80Mbit/s per lane.Complementing the

innovative microcontroller features, NXP’s ultralow-leakage 90nm process technology allowsthe LPC1800 series to offer fast operation, lowdynamic power consumption, and proprietarylow-leakage optimisation yielding up to 100times lower power consumption in standby

High-voltage power modules utilise efficientMOSFET technologies

Board of the Month

Cypress has created the PSoC 4 Pioneer Kit asan easy-to-use and inexpensive developmentplatform enabling engineers to take advantageof the flexibility and low power consumption ofthe PSoC® 4 family, the Star Part of thismonth’s FTM.

PSoC 4 combines the low-power ARM®

Cortex™-M0 core with PSoC's uniqueprogrammable mixed-signal hardware.

Future Electronics’ Board Club: supporting innovative electronics designEurope’s electronics industry thrives on the application of innovation and creativity, and anessential innovator’s tool in design projects is the development board. The Board Club website is aFuture Electronics resource for users of development boards. Here, and only here, Board Clubmembers can gain access to exclusive free development boards and development board offers.If you would like to register for membership, please visit: www.my-boardclub.com/register.php

To apply for these free boards go to: www.my-boardclub.com/ftmTerms and conditions apply. Visit www.my-boardclub.com/about_us for details

D E V E L O P M E N T B O A R D S I N T H I S I S S U E

21

Expandable development kit acceleratesdesign with low-power 32-bit PSoC® 4 family


The PSoC 4 architecture supports an extremelylow-leakage hibernate mode consuming only150nA. It features a best-in-class 20nA stopmode, eliminating the need for external powercircuitry for sleep and wake-up control. Whilein active mode, it provides fully functionalanalogue capabilities from 1.71V to 5.5V.

The PSoC 4 Pioneer Kit contains aCY8C4245AXI device from the PSoC 4200family, and provides expansion headers forArduino™ Shields and Digilent® Pmod™

daughter cards. These headers allowdevelopers to choose from a variety of 3rdparty expansion boards. The board alsofeatures a CapSense® slider and an RGB LED,as well as user and reset buttons.

The kit is extremely easy to use. Afterdownloading the latest software and examples,the developer can simply plug the board intothe host PC, using the USB cable provided, tobegin developing using PSoC Creator™.

my-boardclub.com classifiedsFairchild SemiconductorVoltage-feedback amplifier

Evaluation boards for FairchildSemiconductor CMOS voltage-feedbackamplifiers, to aid testing and layout ofsingle (FAN4174) and dual (FAN4274)amplifier configurations.

Board References:KEB002 (single-channel)KEB010 (dual channel)

Response Number: 06

FreescaleMulticore-processor applicationdevelopment

Low-cost, chassis-mount developmenttools for evaluating Freescale QorIQ T4high-performance multicore processorseries in various configurations such asPCIe® Network-Interface Card (NIC).

Board References:T4240QDS-16GPA 4U chassis-mountT4240RDB low-cost environmentT4240PCIe PCI Express® platform

Response Number: 08

FreescaleARM® Cortex™-M0+microprocessor development

Tower System module and Freedomdevelopment boards supporting latestFreescale Kinetis microcontrollers forentry-level applications seeking 32-bitperformance.

Board References:TWR-KL46Z48M supports all familiesFRDM-KL46Z supports KL46/36 familiesFRDM-KL26Z supports KL26/16 families

Response Number: 18

NXP SemiconductorsMotor-control development

LPC1830-Xplorer bundle featuring NXPSemiconductors LPC1830 ARM®

Cortex™-M3 based microcontroller with aKeil ULINK-ME debug adapter, enablingrapid design starts.

Board Reference:OM13028

Response Number: 35

FreescaleUltra low-power microcontrollerdevelopment and 8-bit migration

Freescale Freedom development boardfor entry-level Kinetis KL02 family basedon ARM® Cortex™-M0+ core.

Board Reference:FRDM-KL02Z

Response Number: 13

APPLICATIONS• Motor controllers• Advanced user-interface control

FEATURES• PSoC 4 Pioneer Kit board (CY8CKIT-042)• Quick-start guide• USB A to Mini-B cable• Six jumper wires

Within this environment, developers candesign the system, write firmware, and step-through code using the built-in debugger. An on-board PSoC 5LP device serves as theprogrammer and debugger, which eliminatesthe need for external programmers. The USBconnection enables developers tocommunicate with the board over Single-WireDebug (SWD), USB-UART, or USB-I2C.

The PSoC 4 Pioneer Kit simplifies design starts based on the latestPSoC family

T E C H N I C A L V I E W

Direct buck converters allow design simplification andcomponent-count savings in non-isolated power supplies forloads below 5W, but the choice of control ICs in the market islimited. Janusz Bicki, Central Applications Manager, FutureElectronics (EMEA) describes how designers can takeadvantage of the broader selection of flyback controllerscurrently available.

The flyback converter topology has become popular for low-powerapplications requiring high energy efficiency. For some end-products,however, it is not the right choice. This is typically for loads below 5W,and where isolation is not required or the system can be isolated bysome means other than the transformer. Some example applicationsinclude utility meters, heating-system controllers, irrigation-controlsystems or industrial controls. In such cases, the direct buck converterappears more attractive.

Table 1 compares the attributes of the buck and flyback convertertopologies. The buck converter’s advantages, which include lower cost,smaller size and simpler design, make it more attractive than the flybackconverter topology in low-power offline applications which do not requireisolation.

OEMs might be wary of adopting the direct buck converter, however,since only a small selection of purpose-designed controller ICs isavailable. This restricts choice and exposes users to supply-chain risks.

In contrast, a wider choice of controllers for flyback converters isavailable. Manufacturers include Fairchild Semiconductor, ONSemiconductor, NXP Semiconductors and Vishay. This article describeshow designers can take advantage of this extra breadth of choice, byimplementing a direct buck converter in a way that allows use of aflyback-controller IC.

Controlling the converterIn the simplified flyback-converter schematic, shown in Figure 1, Q1represents the main switch element, controlled by a regulator. In mostlow-power configurations, this MOSFET is integrated into the controller.

Figure 2 shows the typical current waveforms that characterise thistopology. When Q1 is conducting, a voltage is applied across Lp,drawing current through it. This charges the primary inductance.

At this stage, no currentflows through the secondaryinductor.

At the end of tON, Q1switches off. Since thetransformer windings arecoupled, the current storedin the core now flowsthrough the secondarywinding, Ls. At this stage,the current in the primarywinding is zero and all thestored current, proportionalto the number of turns onthe primary and secondarywindings, Np/Ns, flowsthrough the rectifier diode onthe safe, secondary side. It is worth noting that the

transformer in the flyback converter functions as a pair of coupledinductors. Current only flows through one winding at a time.

In comparison,Figure 3 shows asimplified schematicof a buck converter.Q2 performs asimilar function toQ1 in the flybackconverter. Diode,D2, is a rectifier,whilst Lp1 and C2operate as a low-pass filter.

Figure 4 shows the typicalwaveforms for this circuit.During ton when Q2 isclosed, current flowsthrough it, charging theinductor Lp1. D2 ispolarised in the oppositedirection at this stage anddoes not conduct current.After the controller turnsQ2 off, the inductor, Lp1,releases its energy. All thestored current flowsthrough D2 until thecontroller turns Q2 onagain.

In a flyback converter, the MOSFET is grounded. This is because it isnormally an N-channel device, and these are easier to turn on and offwhen the source is grounded.

Direct buck converters: a new design choice of component suppliers

READ THIS TO FIND OUT ABOUT• Flyback and direct buck converter operation• Feedback-circuit design• Converter-controller IC selection


Buck Flyback

Currentstorage

Inductor A standard part which can besourced from many suppliers.

Low cost.Good for EMC if a

closed-core inductor is used.

Transformer Normally a custom design, only available

from a single source.Requires more design time.

Higher component cost.Generally not a fully closed construction,

which can lead to problems with EMI.Offers possibility of multi-output power supply.

Feedback

Simple resistive feedbackGood long-term reliability

and stability. Low-cost of implementation.High density, requiring less

space on the board.

Optocoupler Long-term reliability questionable.

Higher cost. Requires more space on the board.

Snubber

Not required The leakage inductance of theinductor is small enough that

this circuit is not required.Improved efficiency, since the

power dissipation normallycaused by this circuit is

eliminated.

Strongly recommended (RC or DRC type)Protects switching element.

Leakage inductance of transformer is usuallybig enough to cause ringing.

Passive snubber will generate losses. Non-dissipative snubber may not be used in

low-power applications.Additional component cost

Table 1: Comparison of direct-buck and flyback-converter topologies

Fig. 1: Simplified schematic of flyback-converter topology

Fig. 2: Flyback converter circuit waveforms

Fig. 3: Simplified schematic of the buck converter topology

T E C H N I C A L V I E W


technique that gives OEMs a wider

Buck converters, incontrast, mostlyfeature a floatingtransistor. If there isonly one powersupply in thesystem, it does notmatter whether thepositive or negativepole is stabilised.

This allows for amodification to the

circuit which was shown in Figure 3, so that the switch and rectifierdiode are swapped, as shown in Figure 5. The inductor moves from thepositive to the negative leg which reduces EMI.

Now, the source of Q3 is grounded, as in the flyback topology shownin Figure 1. So in this buck-converter circuit, the controller, integratingthe Q3 MOSFET, works in the same way as in a flyback converter. Theonly difference is that it is connected to a diode, D3, and the singleinductor, Lp2, which are external components.

Feedback-circuit designThe feedback signal determines the frequency and pulse width of theswitch, which in turn affects the output voltage. The buck-convertercontroller normally implements the control function shown:

Where:iL = inductor current VIN, VOUT = input, output voltageL = inductance valuefOSC = switching frequencyILOAD = load current

However, from the controller’s point of view, whether the currentreleased by the switch is stored in a transformer or a simple inductor isunimportant. It must simply maintain this current within an allowablerange according to the formula. This suggests that a flyback controllercould be used to control the switching of the buck-converter MOSFET, ifa suitable feedback circuit can be designed.

The main function of the power supply is to provide a stable outputvoltage, regardless of variations in load or input voltage. For this, thecircuit requires a feedback signal based on a stable reference voltagesource.

Figure 6 shows a typical feedback circuit for a buck converter usingvoltage control and having its input and output at a common referencepoint, normally ground. The error amplifier usually integrated in the

controller, shown by thedashed line, compares areference voltage togenerate an error signalwhich is used by thecontroller logic to regulatethe pulse width and/orfrequency of the switch, Q2.

In a flyback converter,which is by natureisolated, this commonreference point is notavailable.

The reference voltage mustbe kept on the secondaryside of the converter, andthe error amplifier mustthen pass its signal to theprimary side. Figure 7, onthe other hand, showshow the same type ofcontrol IC can be used tocontrol a direct buckconverter, since the powerelement can float as in atraditional buck converter.

The internal logic of thecontroller is still referencedto the source of the switch,Q7. For the referencevoltage, the source of Q7

swings between the voltage drop across the rectifier diode, D2, and theinput voltage, so additional components are required to pass the outputvoltage to the error amplifier. In this circuit, the output voltage isreplicated across C2 by D1 and R1.

When the switchis open, thevoltage dropacross therectifier diode isclose to 0V. Thecurrent acrossC2 flows throughD1 and chargesthe capacitoruntil it reachesthe outputvoltage. Whenthe switch isclosed, thevoltage potential

on the source of Q7 is higher than on the cathode of D1, which is nowpolarised in the opposite direction; no current flows through C2. Thevoltage across C2 thus maintains a constant offset which is proportionalto the output voltage. Diode, DREF, therefore determines the value of thevoltage that must be maintained on the output, providing a signaldirectly to the error amplifier inside the controller.

In this way a direct buck converter, which is an attractive topology foroffline sub-5W non-isolated power supplies, can be controlled by aflyback-converter controller. The circuit can be implemented in much thesame way as a circuit using a dedicated direct buck-converter controller,and does not require the use of additional components.

Fig. 4: Buck converter circuit waveforms

Fig. 5: The buck-converter topology after swapping theposition of the MOSFET and diode

Fig. 6: Typical buck-converter feedback circuit

Fig. 7: Direct buck converter controlled by floating flyback-converter controller


Vin – VoutiL = –––––––––––x Iload

L x fOSC


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