Most Common

Most Common Cause of Worm Infection : Pinworms AscarisMost Common Cause of Viral Encephalitis : Herpes Simpli VirusMost Common Cause of ViraL Meningitis : Coxsackie or Echovirus groups of enterovirusesMost Common Cause Bacterial Meningitis in Elderly is strep. PneumoniaMost Common Cause of Meningitis in Newborns : Group B streptt.Most Common Cause of Meningitis in Children : Streptt. PneumoniaMost Common Cause of Meningitis in Young Adults (Teen) : Neisseria MeningitidisMost Common Type of Hodgkins Lymphoma Mxied Cellularity & Best Prognosis is Lymphatic Predominant.Most Common Type of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma : B-cell lymphomasMost Common Thyroid disease : GoiterMost Common site of Atherosclerosis : Carotid BifurcationMost Common Surgical emergency : Acute AppendicitisMost Common site of Diverticula : Sigmoid ColonMost Common Cause of SIADH : Small Cell CA of the LungMost Common Cause of Death in DKA pt. : Cerebral EdemaMost Common Cause of STDs : ChlamydiaMost Common Cause of 2ry HTN : Renal diseaseMost Common cause of right-sided heart failure : left-sided heart failure (either systolic or diastolic heart failure)Most Common Cause of Intrinsic RF : Acute Tubular NecrosisMost Common Cause of Acute RF : Pre-Renal CausesMost Common Cause of Chronic RF : Diabetic NephropathyMost Common Cause of 2ry Pulmonary HTN : COPDMost Common Cause of Protozoal Diarrahea : GiardiaMost Common Cause of Portal HTN : Liver CirrhosisMost Common Cause of Peripheral Neuropathy : D.MMost Common Cause of Opportunistic infection in AIDS : Pneumocystis Carinaii PneumoniaMost Common Cause Chromosomal Anomaly that cause 1ry Abortion : Trisomy 16(also it is the most common trisomy in human pregnancies)Most Common Cause of 2ry Abortion : Cervical IncompetenceMost Common Cause of Post-Partum Hemorrhage : Uterine AtonyMost Common Cause of Anti-Partum Hemorrhage :Abraptio PlacentaMost Common Cause of Late 2ry Post-Partum Hemorrhage : Retained Placental TissueMost Common Cause of Post-Menopausal Bleeding : Atrophic VaginitisMost Common Cause of Post-Menopausal Bleeding : Atrophic endometritisMost Common symptoms of Cervical/Endometrial CA : Abnormal Vaginal bleeding not associated with a woman's periodMost Common Cause of Uterine Tumor : Leiomyoma (Fibroid)Most Common Cause of Death in Pre-eclampsia : Cerebral hemorrhageMost Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome : Mininmal Change Dis.Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults : Focal segmental glomerulosclerosisMost Common Cause of Myocarditis : Coxsackie A virusMost Common Cause of Mental Retardation : Downs SyndromeMost Common Cause of Mental Retardation in boys Worldwide : Fragile X syndromeMost Common Cause of Mental Retardation in boys Worldwide : Downs SyndromeMost Common Cause of Liver Infection : Hepatitis AMost Common Cause of Intussuception : Terminal ileum into CecumMost Common Cause of Hyperthyroidisim : Graves DiseaseMost Common Cause of Hypothyroidsim in developed countries : Hashimotos ThyroditisMost Common Cause of Hypothyroidsim world wide : Iodine deficiencyMost Common Cause of Hypopitutarism in Children : CraniopharyngiomaMost Common Cause of HTN is : Eseential HTNMost Common Cause of HTN in children : Renal Parenchymal Dis.Most Common Cause of HTN in Young women : OCPsMost Common Cause of 2ry HTN IS Renal disease .Most Common Cause of Hyperparathyroidisim : Adenoma > Hyperplasia > CAMost Common Cause of Hyperparathyroidisim : CRFMost Common Cause of Hypercalcemia : HyperparathyroidisimMost Common Cause type of Hernia in males & females : Indirect InguinalMost Common Cause of Hernia in Females : Indirect InguinalMost Common Cause of Hernia in Males : Indirect InguinalMost Common Cause of Hernia in Females : Femoral HerniaMost Common Cause of Hereditary Bleeding Disorders : Von Willebrands Dis.Most Common Heart valve involved in RF : Mitral ValveMost Common Heart valve Involved in Bacterioal Endocarditis : Mitral ValveMost Common Heart valve Involved in Bacterioal Endocarditis in IV drug users : Tricuspid valveMost Common Cause of Heart Murmur is Mitral valve ProlapseMost Common Cause of Glomerulonephritis in Adult : IgA Nephropathy (Bergers Dis)Most Common Cause of Glomerulonephritis in Children : Post-Strepttococal G.NMost Common Cause of GIT obstruction : AdhesionsMost Common Cause of Small bowel obstruction : AdhesionsMost Common Hernia that cause GI obstruction : Indirect Inguinal HerniaMost Common Protien in Urine w Multiple Myeloma : Bence Jones ProtienMost Common Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia : 21 hydroylase def.Most Common Disk herniation : L4 L5Most Common Cause of End Stage Kidney Dis : DMMost Common Cause of Dietary Def : IronMost Common Cause of Diarrhea in children : RotavirusMost Common Cause of Demenitia : Alheimers Dis.Most Common Cause of Death worldwide : Ischemic Heart Dis.Most Common Cause of Death in SLE pts. : Lupus Nephropathy Type 4 : Diffuse ProliferatingMost Common Cause of Death in HTN pts. : Acute MIMost Common Cause Silent Asymptomatic MI : DMMost Common Cause of Death in Alheimers pts. : Aspiration PneumoniaMost Common Cause of Death in Stroke pts. : Aspiration PneumoniaMost Common Cause of Cushing Syndrome : Eogenous Steroid TherapyMost Common Cause of Coronary Art. Thrombosis : Left Ant. Descending Art.Most Common Cause of Cyanotic Heart Dis. : TOFMost Common Cause of Congenital Heart Dis, : VSD ( Membranous)Most Common Cause GIT anomaly : Meckel DiverticulumMost Common Cause Liver Cirrhosis in Western communities : AlchoholMost Common Cause Liver Cirrhosis in Jordan : Hepatitis BMost Common Chromosomal disorder : Downs SyndromeMost Common Carpal Bone Fracture : Scaphoid BoneMost Common Cause of Mets. For any CA : Regional Lymph NodeMost Common Cause Mets. After Regional L.N : LiverMost Common Cause of Leukemia in all children : ALLMost Common Cause of Leukemia/Malignancy in elderly : CLLMost Common Cause of Gynecological Malignancy : Endometrial CAMost Common Surgical Gynecological proplem : Utrine FibroidNumber of the Chromosome involved in Cystic Fibrosis : Ch. 7Most Common Cause Blindness is Diabetic RetinopathyMost Common Breast Mass in young age is FibroadenomaMost Common Cause of Acute Infective Endocrditis : Staph AureusMost Common Cause of Subacute Acute Infective Endocrditis : Staph ViridansMost Common Cause Bacterial Arthritis in Young age : Nisseria GonorrheaMost Common Cause of Nosocomial Pneumonia : Staph. AureusMost Common Cause of Epiglotittis : Haemophillus Influena Type BMost Common Cause of Otitis Media : Streptt. PneumoniaMost Common Cause of Food Poisoning : Staph AureusMost Common GIT microflora : BacteriodesMost Common Cause of Sepsis in IV drug abuser : Staph. AureusMost Common Cause of Pneumonia in IV drug Abuser : Staph. AureusMost Common Cause of PID : ChlamydiaMost Common Cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia : Streptt. PneumoniaMost Common Cause of Nosocomial Infection : UTIMost Common Cause of Atypical Pneumonia : MycoplasmaMost Common Cancer of Pancreas : AdenocarcinomaMost Common Cause of Pancreas CA ; HeadMost Common Pituitary Mass : ProlactinomaMost Common Benign Mass of Placenta : HaemangiomaMost Common Cause Salivary Gland CA : Pliemorphic AdenomaMost Common Skin CA : Basal Skin CAMost Common Stomach CA : AdenocarcinomaMost Common Testicular : SeminomaMost Common Thyroid CA : Papillary CAMost Common Malignant Lymphoma in Children : Burkitts LymphomaMost Common Cause of Addisons Disease : AIMost Common Cause of Acute MI in Children : Kawasaki DisMost Common Site of Aneyrysm : Abdominal AortaMost Common Cause of Subarachnoid Hge : Aneurysm of Circle of WillisMost Common Cause of Epidural (Etradural) Hge : Head TraumaMost Common Cause of Subdural HgeSource of Bleeding in Epidural Haematoma : Middle Meningeal ArterySource of Bleeding in Subdural Haematoma : Bridging ViensSubdural Haematoma in MRI : Crescent ShapeEpiadural Hematoma in MRI : Biconcave ShapeMost Common Cancer in Infancy is HemangiomaMost Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Newborn : HydronephrosisMost Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Children < 1 year : NeuroblastomaMost Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Children > 1 year : Wilms TumorMost Common Cause of men in Jordan : ColonMost Common Cause of men in International : ProstateMost Common Cause in Women : Breast CAMost Common Benign Tumor in Women : Leimyoma (Fibroid)Most Common Breast CA : Infiltrating Ductal AdenocarcinomaMost Common Liver CA : MetastasisMost Common 1ry Liver CA : HCCMost Common Liver CA in children : HepatoblastomaMost Common Cancer Death worldwide : Lung CAMost Common 1ry Bone CA in Adults & Old Age : Multiple MyelomaMost Common Mets. To Bone CA in males : Prostate CAMost Common Mets. To Bone CA in females : Breast CAMost Common Bone CA in Children : OsteosarcomaMost Common Brain Malignant Tumor in Children : Medulloblastoma in CerebellumMost Common Brain Benign Tumor in Children : Pilocytic AstrocytomaMost Common Brain Malignant Tumor in Adult : (Gliomas ; Glioblastoma Multiform)Most Common Brain Benign Tumor in Adult :Most Common Soft Tissue Mass / C.T tumor : LipomaMost Common Benign Eosphageal Neoplasm : LeimyomaMost Common Malignant Eosphgeal Neoplasm ; Squamous Cell CAMost Common Site of Squamous Eosphgeal CA : Upper 2/3Most Common Site of Eosphgeal Adenocarcinoma : Upper 1/3Most Common Origin of Mets. To Liver : Lung then GI malignancyMost Common Cancer in Mouth , Anus , Tounge , Mouth : Squamous Cell CAMost Common cause of respiratory distress in newborn : Transient tachypnea of the newbornMost Common associated anomaly with coarctation : Bicuspid valveMost Common affected joint in gout : First MTPMost Common type of fluid collection in scrotum : HydroceleMost Common affected bowel segment in TB : Ileocecal areaMost Common abdominal emergency of early childhood : IntussusceptionMost Common bacterial cause of mesenteric adenitis : Yersinia EnterocoliticaMost Common benign hepatic lesion : HemangiomaMost Common benign intraconal tumor of the orbit in adults : Cavernous hemangiomas.Most Common benign testicular mass : Simple cystMost Common benign tumor of spleen : HemangiomaMost Common benign tumor of the lung : HamartomaMost Common bilateral testicular tumor : LymphomaMost Common breast tumor under age 25 years : FibroadenomaMost Common cardiac manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematous : PericarditisMost Common cardiac tumor in children : RhabdomyomaMost Common causative organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in adults : Strep. PneumoniaMost Common causative organism of neonatal pyogenic meningitis : E. coliMost Common cause for pulmonary edema : Left-sided heart diseaseMost Common cause non iatrogenic cause of small bowel obstruction : HerniaMost Common cause of a large choroid plexus cyst : Trisomy 18Most Common cause of a large pleural fluid collection in the newborn period : ChylothoraxMost Common cause of acute testicular pain in postpubertal male : Acute epididymitisMost Common cause of acute testicular pain in prepubertal male : TorsionMost Common cause of bilateral breast edema : CHFMost Common cause of biliary obstruction : CholedocholithiasisMost Common cause of bleeding between menstrual cycles : Endometrial hyperplasiaMost Common cause of bronchopneumonia : StaphylococcalMost Common cause of cancer deaths in males and females : Bronchogenic CAMost Common cause of cause of infectious esophagitis : Candida EsophagitisMost Common cause of cavitary (necrotic) pneumonia in a child : Strep pneumMost Common cause of Charcot joints : Diabetes mellitusMost Common cause of colonic obstruction in adults : MalignancyMost Common cause of colonic obstruction in the infant : Meconium plug syndrome in CF patientsMost Common cause of congenital CNS infection : CMVMost Common cause of congenital duodenal obstruction : Duodenal atresiaMost Common cause of cord ischemia : Thromboembolic diseaseMost Common cause of cyanosis in a child : Tetralogy of FallotMost Common cause of cyanosis n newborn Transposition of great vesselsMost Common cause of dwarfism : AchondroplasiaMost Common cause of end-stage renal disease : Diabetic NephropathyMost Common cause of epididymitis in males aged 15 to 35 years : Sexually transmitted diseasesMost Common cause of facial hemipalsy : Bell palsyMost Common cause of left atrial dilatation : Mitral regurgitationMost Common cause of lower GI bleeding : DiverticulosisMost Common cause of malignancy of men in the world Bronchogenic CAMost Common cause of membranous croup : Staph. AureusMost Common cause of Neonatal Pneumonia : Group B streptococcusMost Common cause of nephrocalcinosis in adults : Primary hyperparathyroidismMost Common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult female : Breast CAMost Common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult male : Prostate CAMost Common cause of renal vein thrombosis in adults : Nephrotic syndromeMost Common cause of squamous cell ca. in the renal pelvis : Chronic Infected stag horn calculusMost Common cause of testicular swelling : HydroceleMost Common cause of SVC syndrome : Bronchogenic CAMost Common cause of tricuspid stenosis : Rheumatic heart diseaseMost Common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy(HCM)Most Common cause of toxic mega colon : Pseudomembranous colitisMost Common chest x-ray abnormality in the ICU : AtelectasisMost Common complication of ERCP : PancreatitisMost Common congenital abnormality of GI tract : Meckels diverticulumMost Common congenital anomaly of CNS in live births : MyelomeningoceleMost Common congenital defect of CNS : AnencephalyMost Common component of mixed germ cell tumors : Embryonal Cell CAMost Common congenital heart disease : Bicuspid aortic valve.Most Common cranial nerve affected by a pituitary macroadenoma : CN VIMost Common cranial nerve to be affected with schwannoma : VIIIMost Common cyanotic congenital heart malformation beyond neonatal period : TOFMost Common diffuse breast disorder : Fibrocystic disease of breastMost Common cystic tumor of pancreas : Mucinous cystic neoplasmMost Common estrogenic ovarian tumor : Granulosa Cell TumorMost Common benign ovarian neoplasm in young and middle-aged women ( 2 months = S.Pneumonia16. Bacterial Meningitis young adults = S.Pneumonia/ Neisseria meningitides17. PNEUMONIA =a. Viral Pneumonia i. RSV . infantsii. . Parainfluenza . kidsiii. Influenza virus . adults iv. ( Nonviral causes more common in children older than 5 years of age MostM. pneumoniae, and C. pneumoniae(not trachomatis) S.pneumoniaemost common with focal infiltrate in children of all ages18. Erythema infectious = Paravirus B1919. Measles = Paramyxovirus20. Rubella = Rubella virus 21. Roseola = HHV-622. Chicken box = VZD23. Hand Foot And Mouth disease = Coxsackie A virus 24. Acute renal failure in young children = Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) (Most from E. coli)25. Abduminal mass = Neonate- Hydronephrosis/ 1year Willms tumor26. MC brain tumor = Benign Astrocytoma( infratentorial) / Medullablastoma27. MCC of cerebral Palsy = Intrapartum asphyxia 28. Most common Skull fracturesInjuries During Deliveries = linear Skull fracture29. MCC of Death in Tetanus = Respiratory arrest 30. MC complication in Infectious mononucleosis(EBV kissing diz) = Splenic Hemorrhage 31. MC helminthes = Ascariasis ( MC symptoms cough , Hemoptysis) 32. MCC of Craniotabes= prematurity 33. Most common pattern of human malformation = Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)34. Second most common pattern of human malformation = Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)35. Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) most common findings manifested at = puberty36. Most common type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome =type 137. most common teratogen to which fetus can be exposed = Alcohol38. most common Failure-to-thrive (FTT) is = nutritional neglect39. most common PHYSICAL ABUSE = Bruises40. Immersion burns most common in = infants41. Croup most common in = winter42. Most common laryngeal airway anomaly and is the most frequent cause of stridor in infants and children = Laryngomalacia43. Second most common cause of stridor = Congenital Subglottic Stenosis 44. Third most common cause of stridor = Vocal Cord Paralysis45. most commonsite of foreign body aspiration in children age 1 year, think trachea or right mainstem bronchus.46. Most common life-limiting recessive trait among whites = CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF)47. most common cause of exocrine pancreatic deficiency in children= CF48. most common cause of anaphylaxis seen in emergency rooms = Food allergic reactions49. Most common reasons Anaphylaxis = In hospitallatex, antibiotics, IVIg (intravenous immunoglobulin), radiocontrastagents (Out of hospitalfood (most common is peanuts) 50. Subacute and Chronic Atopic Dermatitis Most Commonly Affects the = Flexural Surfaces of Joints51. Most common Selective IgA deficiency = B-cell defect52. Chemical conjunctivitis most common in = first 24 hours of life53. Most common primary malignant intraocular tumor = Retinoblastoma54. Most common area of Epistaxis = anterior septum (Kiesselbach plexus) Digital trauma (nose picking; most common)55. Polyps Most common cause is = cystic fibrosis56. Most common congenital heart lesion = VSD common are membranous 57. Most common cyanotic lesion = TOF58. Most common cyanotic lesion presenting in the immediate newborn period = TOGA (More common in infant of diabetic mother)59. most common form of acquired heart disease worldwide = Acute Rheumatic Fever60. Secondary HTN most common in = infants and younger children 61. most common congenital disorder associated withmalabsorption is cystic fibrosis 62. Most common anomaly causing incomplete bowel obstruction with malabsorption is = malrotation63. Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonate = HirschprungDisease64. most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in infancy = Anal fissure65. most common cause of OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY is = hydronephrosis (due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction or multicystic kidney disease) 66. Most common chronic glomerular disease worldwide = IgA Nephropathy (Berger disease)67. Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults = Membranous Glomerulopathy68. Most common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in older children and young adults = Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis69. Most common hereditary human kidney disease = POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE Autosomal-Dominant Type (Adults)70. most common form of persistent proteinuria in school-aged children and adolescents = Orthostatic type 71. most common nephrotic syndrome seen in children is =Steroid-sensitive minimal change disease72. Minimal Change Disease Most common = between 2 and 6 years of age73. Most common disorder of sexual differentiation in boys (more in preterm) = Undescended Testes 74. Most common cause of testicular pain over 12 years old =Testicular Torsion 75. Most common cause of testicular pain 211 years of age = Torsion of Appendix Testes 76. Most common surgically treatable cause of subfertility in men =Varicocele77. Most common Congenital hypothyroidism is = thyroid dysgenesis (hypoplasia, aplasia, ectopia); no goiter78. most common cause of Acquired hypothyroidism is = Hashimoto; thryroiditis79. Most common cause of rickets = Vitamin D Deficiency80. most common Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) = 21-Hydroxylase deficiency81. Most common cause of Cushing Syndrome = Exogenesis82. Most common cause of insulin resistance is childhood obesity = Type 2 DM83. Most common adolescent hip disorder = Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)84. Most common genetic cause of osteoporosis = OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA85. Most common Congenital Pancytopenia = Fanconi anemia (spontaneous chromosomal breaks)86. most common acquired cause of bleeding disorders in children is = thrombocytopenia 87. Most common hereditary bleeding disorder = von Willebrand Disease (vWD)88. most common presenting sign of Hodgkin Lymphoma = Painless, firm cervical or supraclavicular nodes ()89. Second most frequent malignancy in children; mortality 45% = Brain tumer90. Most common Brain tumer = Infratentorial Tumors (Classic sitecerebellum)91. Second most common malignant abdominal tumor = Wilms Tumor92. Most common site of Pheochromocytoma = adrenal medulla93. most common seizure usually present within 1224 hours after birth= Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy94. Most common Complication of bacterial meningitis is = hearing loss95. most common presentation of viral meningitis is = cerebellar ataxia and acute encephalitis.96. Most common cause of lymphadenitis lasting >3 weeks = Bartonella (Cat-Scratch Disease)97. Most common presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans = Pneumonia98. Most common complication of Measles is = otitis media99. mumps Most common in = winter/spring 100. most common complication of mumps = Meningoencephalomyelitis101. Most common symptom of Ascariasis is = pulmonary diseasecough and blood-stained sputum102. most common symptoms of Enterobiasis = itching and restless sleep and no eosinophilia103. Most frequent congenital gastrointestinal anomaly = Meckel Diverticulum104. Minimal Change Disease = Infection is the major complication (Most frequent is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (S. pneumoniaemost common)105. Most frequent tumor of the optic nerve = Optic nerve glioma106. Most TORCH infections are acquired in = first or second trimester. Most infants have IUGR107. Congenital Syphilis = Treponemain scrapings (most accurate test) from any lesion or fluid, serologic testsa. Most helpful specific test is IgM-FTA-ABSb. Treatmentpenicillin108. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) Most do not survive in = first year109. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome =Pancreatic beta cell hyperplasiaexcess islets hypoglycemia; hypoglycemia may be refractory; glucose control most important initial management110. Most commercial formulas are = cow-milkbased with modifications to approximate breast milk111. Osteosarcoma most common in = Midshaft of long bones 112. Ewings Sarcoma most common in = Metapheses of long bones 113. Most common type of cerebral Palsy = Pyramidal or spastic type114. MCC of congenital diaphragmatic hernia = Buchdalick ( posterior )115. MCC of bowel obstruction in first 2 years = Intussusception116. Most common GI emergency in neonates = NEC ( Comp.Short bowel synd. And intist.Stricture117. Most specific sepsis screen test = neutropenia ( sensitive I:T)118. Most sensitive measure of volume state = HR 119. varicella infection = Most people over 18 years of age even without a reliable history of varicella infection, will still be immune120. Bronchiolitisalmost all children infected by age=