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Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio, Assis. Prof. Department of Mechanical EngineeringAalto University25.2.2019
More Flexibility withEnergy Storage
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
2The World Energy Council Germany:
INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF A POWER-TO-X ROADMAP (2019)https://www.weltenergierat.de/ptxstudie/
Different options for energy storage
26.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
3
Pixabay
Designatprinting.com
26.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
4
Pixabay
Designatprinting.com
Neste.com
Omatha Holdings.com
Clipart LLibrary
26.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
5
Designatprinting.com
Neste.com
Omatha Holdings.com
Clipart LLibrary
www.akkutalo.fi
26.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
6
www.akkutalo.fi
Clipart LLibrary
Omatha Holdings.com
Circular Energy EcosystemDesignatprinting.com
Large-scale fossil free feedstock
26.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
7
Methanol
(CH3OH)
CO2
H2
+
Textiles
Automotive
Leisure
Energy
Olefins
Aromatics
Carbon fiber
ABS plastics
Styrene
Butadiene
AcrylonitrileCalcination
+
Combustion
Basic chemicals Basic polymers Complex plastics ApplicationsFeedstock
Vattenfall Ab
Power to methanolEfficiency
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
9
CO2 flue gas
CO2 air
Methanol synthesis
Distillation Methanol
CO2
H2O
Electrolysis
AEC 56
PEMEC 53
SOEC 79
Power to Methanol
Electrolysis efficiency references:Buttler, A. & Spliethoff, H.: Current status of water electrolysis for energy storage, grid balancing and sector coupling via power-to-gas and power-to-liquids: A review , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82 (2018) 2440-2545.
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
10
CO2 flue gas
CO2 air
Natural gas Pretreatment Steam reforming
Methanol synthesis
Distillation Methanol
CO2
H2O
Electrolysis
AEC 56
PEMEC 53
SOEC 79
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
11
CO2 flue gas
CO2 air
Natural gas Pretreatment Steam reforming
Methanol synthesis
Distillation Methanol
CO2
Ƞ = 0.75
H2O
Electrolysis
AEC 56
PEMEC 53
SOEC 79
Process efficiency:
P. Galindo Cifre and O. Badr, Renewable hydrogen utilisation for the production of methanol,
Energy Conversion and Management, 48 (2007) 519-527.
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
12
CO2 flue gas
CO2 air
Natural gas Pretreatment Steam reforming
Methanol synthesis
Distillation Methanol
CO2
Ƞ = 0.75
Ƞ = 0.46
H2O
Electrolysis
AEC 56
PEMEC 53
SOEC 79
Process efficiency:
P. Galindo Cifre and O. Badr, Renewable hydrogen utilisation for the production of methanol,
Energy Conversion and Management, 48 (2007) 519-527.
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
13
CO2 flue gas
CO2 air
Natural gas Pretreatment Steam reforming
Methanol synthesis
Distillation Methanol
CO2
Ƞ = 0.75
Ƞ = 0.46
Ƞ = 0.38
H2O
Electrolysis
AEC 56
PEMEC 53
SOEC 79
Process efficiency:
P. Galindo Cifre and O. Badr, Renewable hydrogen utilisation for the production of methanol,
Energy Conversion and Management, 48 (2007) 519-527.
OPEX costs for Methanol plant
26.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
14
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
50 kt/a plant
Mill
ion e
uro
/year
OPEX without H2 costs
Fixed Carbon dioxide Cooling water Electricity Catalyst
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
50 kt/a plant
OPEX with H2 costs
Fixed Hydrogen Carbon dioxide
Cooling water Electricity Catalyst
J. Nyari, Master’s thesis: Feasibility study of a methanol plant using
CO2 and H2 for industry decarbonization (2018)
Why have we not done this before?
Thermodynamics – Heating value (HHV)
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
16
C
CO
CO2
CH3OH
10
0
33
23
Engineerign toolbox;
For Fuels:https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html
For other: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gross-net-heating-values-d_420.html
MJ/kg
Higher heating value (HHV)
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
17Engineerign toolbox;
For Fuels:https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html
For other: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gross-net-heating-values-d_420.html
C
COCO2
CH4
H2
CH3OH
100
23
142
56
33
MJ/kg
Work against thermodynamics
-When reasonable?
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
19
CO2 flue gas
CO2 air
Natural gas Pretreatment Steam reforming
Methanol synthesis
Distillation Methanol
CO2
Ƞ = 0.75
Ƞ = 0.46
Ƞ = 0.38
H2O
Electrolysis
AEC 56
PEMEC 53
SOEC 79
Process efficiency:
P. Galindo Cifre and O. Badr, Renewable hydrogen utilisation for the production of methanol,
Energy Conversion and Management, 48 (2007) 519-527.
Effect of CO2 price
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
20
MeOH market
price
J. Nyari, Master’s thesis: Feasibility study of a methanol plant using
CO2 and H2 for industry decarbonization (2018)
999
688
610
1 035
724
645
1 071
760
681
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
10 kt/a plant 50 kt/a plant 250 kt/a plant
Le
ve
lize
d c
ost o
f m
Eth
anO
l€
/to
n
25 €/ton 50 €/ton 75 €/ton
Effect of selling O2 as a by-product
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
21
1 035
724
645
879
568
489
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
10 kt/a plant 50 kt/a plant 250 kt/a plant
Le
ve
lize
d c
ost o
f m
eth
ano
l€
/to
n
No selling of O2 Selling of O2
MeOH market
price
J. Nyari, Master’s thesis: Feasibility study of a methanol plant using
CO2 and H2 for industry decarbonization (2018)
25.2.2019
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
22
CO2 flue gas
CO2 air
Methanol synthesis
Distillation Methanol
CO2
H2O
Electrolysis
AEC 56
PEMEC 53
SOEC 79
Reasonable with synergiesWithin industry:
- Side stream H2
- Steam/heat (to release CO2)
- Very low electricity cost
- Island mode-systems
- The whole value chain
Politically:
- Additional support for CO2 utilization
- High price/no availability for fossil
- Categorization for CO2 based
fuels/products?