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7/27/2019 Moral Theology (Part 1)
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MORAL
THEOLOGY
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Assignment # 1
What is Moral Theology ?
Differentiate the 2-
perspectives of MT
What are the sources of MT?
Explain the 3-Models of Morality
FORMAT:
-1page for
every twoquestions
-1.5 space
-Text is Arial
-Font is 12Submission will
be on
Wednesday
June 26.
Papers
submitted 15
minutes after
the start of the
class will not be
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REFERENCE
S:
Reason Informed by Faith: Foundations of CatholicMorality
byRichard M. Gula
Christian Ethics, Volume 1
Moral Theology in Light of Vatican II; Volume IGeneral Moral Theology, Third Edition
ByFr. Karl H. Peschke
http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/49272.Richard_M_Gulahttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/49272.Richard_M_Gulahttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/49272.Richard_M_Gula7/27/2019 Moral Theology (Part 1)
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VISION
By 2020, we envision a Christ-inspired, nationally-responsive
and globally-competitive Colegio de San Juan de Letran at
the threshold of being a University, evidenced by quality
academic standard, strong research culture and sustained
community service.
Specifically, we see Letran as a leading center on the:
Creative use and application of information and
communications technology in education;
Values-oriented communication and media education;
Historical studies and research, particularly in Intramuros
and
Development of self-reliant communities.
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What is your understanding of a moral
life?
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MORAL THEOLOGY
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Course Description:
Aims to develop Christian maturity and positive
outlook in life of students through the study of
various theoretical and practical norms and
principles that deal with issues of morality.
It envisions inculcating upon the minds and
hearts of the students the Gospel values that
Christ wants them to have.
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The discussions and activities about
moral issues confronting todaysChristians in the light of the Social
Doctrine of the Church, will serve as
opportunities to students in providing
them guidelines on how to respond to
those issues in a Christian way.
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RATIONALE:
Moral Theology projects a continuousdesire for growth, growing as a real
person journeying towards union with
God, which is the ultimate end ofChristian life.
To help the students recognize the
needs to respond to Gods call, to betrully Gods children by cooperating
fully towards sanctification and
salvation of the whole humanity.
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MORAL THEOLOGY
Gen. Objective:
For the students to have a clear grasp of
Christian moral principles and perspectives,
matured in dealing with religious and moraldifficulties in the light of faith.
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MORAL THEOLOGY
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Etymological Meaning of :
Theology= Gk. theo-god + logos
The term theology
comes from the two Greek words theos and
logos which means God and word respectively.
Theology, therefore in general, is word about
God or, at least an attempt to talk about God.
In short, theology is the study of God.In contemporary theological jargon it is
God talk.
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Moral = L . mors + theo + logos
On the other hand, the termmoral comes from the Latinword mors which meansmanner, custom, habit.
Thus, moral theology isGod talk about manners,
customs, and habits. Thisetymological definition is
quite accurate but notadequate.
Why this definition of MT isaccurate but not adequate?
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Christian Theology
In the proper sense, theology is astudy about Christian God and
everything else related to God.
For Gula, it is a discipline in whichfaith seeks to understand Godsrevelation of divine love in Christ
Jesus and through the Spirit
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Literally, "faith seeking understanding."The
phrase originated with Anselm in hisProslogion and was used to show the
relationship of religious faith to human
reason. For Anselm, matters of religion and
theology are understood only by firstbelieving them and then proceeding to gain
an intellectual understanding of the things
already believed. In other words, faith is
both logically and chronologically prior to
reason.1
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Hence, strictly speaking, theology
presupposes faith1. and cannot be engaged upon without it.
The necessity of faith directs theologys
reflection upon the sources of faith, namely, Scriptures, Sacred
Tradition and Church Magisterium
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But since theology seeks to
understand the mysteries and truths of
faith, it also employs reason.Theology, especially in the Catholic
tradition, thus proceeds
thru faith and reason (RIF).(So, too, with moral theology; it
proceeds by the light of faith and uses
reason as a tool of faith).
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Faith and reason are like twowings on which the human spiritrises to the contemplation oftruth; and God has placed in thehuman heart the desire to know thetruth in a word, to know himself so that by knowing and lovingGod, men and women can come tothe fullness of the truth about
themselves (n1) Ratio et Fides-
In essence,theology is at the service of faithitspreservation and sustained proclamation
and communication.
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Division of Christian Catholic Theology
Positive Theology
tries to find and state the
true and full meaning of
the normative sources offaith
Biblical studies are the
most
important part of positive
theology, and are in factthe starting point of
theological reflection.
Systematic TheologyDogmatic Theology
is also called doctrinal
theology or simply
systematics.
Moral theologyis a particular expression of
systematic theology which
focuses on the implications of
faith
for the way we live because we
are disciples of Jesus Christ
a. Fundamental Moral Theo.
b. Special Moral Theo.
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The different focus of both dogmatic and
moral theology is further expressed in
characterizing the
former as descriptive and the latter as
prescriptive.
Dogmatic theology deals with the truths
and doctrines of our faith
while moral theology deals with how we
ought to respond to Gods invitation fora fuller life
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Moral Theology
Definition and Nature
2- PerspectivesSourcesMorality
Models of Morality
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A. DEFINITION AND NATURE OF
Moral Theology:
Is a branch of theology that studiesthe interrelationship of faith and life.
It is to be understood and
appreciatedin light of Christian discipleship,rooted in the Word of God andin the context of Church and human
society.
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MTs focus is the Response to revelation (theimplications of faith in Jesus Christ for the way in
which we live).
MT attempts to find the meaning of the relationshipbetween Christian Faith and moral action (Life).
The norms of MT are not only those given by
reason but also by faith which includes the datafrom the Tradition and the Magisterium of the
Church
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MT seeks to give a systematic, organized account
of the requirements of Christian vocation toholiness (cf. Mt 5:48).
MT has existed in continuous dialogue with the
Church and the world.
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B. TWO PERSPECTIVES
(Lat. Agere sequ itur esse, Doing follows
being; or, To do is to be and to be is to
do.)
1. Ethics of Being . It focuses on goodcharacter/d isposi t ions of the agent; What sort
of (good ) person shou ld I become (Human
Person)
2. Ethics of Doing . It focuses on r ight act ions to
perform; What sort of (good) act ions shou ld I
perform? (Human Conduct)
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The sort of person that you becomedepends to a great extent upon the
sort of decisions and actions you have
taken or performed The sort of decisions and actions you
have taken or performed depends
upon the sort of person you willbecome
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INTERDEPENDENT RELATION
OF:
Ethics of doing
Ethics of being
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Sources
Sacred Scriptures the Bible which isthe deposit of the word of God (written
tradition). Sacred Tradition the unwritten
tradition of the Church that has been
handed down from the apostles to theirsuccessors
Magisterium the teaching authorityof the Church
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Morality
It is a question of whether a certain act
is right or wrong according to the
standards or norms in a particular
society.
It is a question between what is good
and what is evil.
But How Do We Judge Whether ACertain Act Is GOOD Or EVIL?
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What is really GOOD?
What is really EVIL?
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Three Principal Moral
Models/Methods
There are a number of ethical systemsand methods employed in making
moral decisions and forming
judgments.
Three methods are principal by which
other methods can be related to
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Methods/Models of Morality
Deontological
Act
What does thelaw require?
What is myduty?
The Relational-Responsibility ModelA HOLISTIC MODEL
Virtue
Agent
What is fitting?
How do Irespond?
Teleological
Ends/Consequences
What is mygoal?
What ends do I
seek?
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1.Teleological Model/Method
From the Greek word telos, which means, end orgoal, teleological method is goal-oriented. This
method asks what decisions and actions will bring
about the goal being sought
The question what is my goal? answers
what ought I to do?
The goal, therefore, becomes the basis of moral
decisions.
Thomistic teleology posits that all human acts are
directed to some goal, purpose or end.
This built-in purpose is embedded in nature and
therefore must be fulfilled
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How does teleology relate to
morality?
the disadvantages are serious. Here
the end justifies the means and the
consequences determine the full moral
significance of an action.
the rightness or wrongness of an action is
decisively determined by the good or evilconsequences which an action produces.
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In Thomistic teleology, there is clarity of
moral basis. What is morally right is acting
according to the intended purpose designed
by nature.
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2. Deontological Model/Method
From the Greek word deon, which means dutyor obligation, deontological method is rule-
oriented.
The method seeks to establish the law,
duty, right, or obligation in moraldecision
What is the law or my duty? answers
what ought I to do? Morality, therefore, is determined
by ones faithfulness to laws and normsfound in the Bible and Church teachings.
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The deontological approach tomorality supports the so-calledmoral absolutes.
These are prohibitions ofactions on account of their objectconsidered absolutely and intrinsically
evil.Intrinsically evil that no intention orcircumstances can ever justify them.
Catholic moral theology is fundamentallyteleological in its basic orientation butdeontological in making a moral decision.
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As long as one follows church teachings and
norms, moral life is on the right track. Another
strength of deontology lies in preserving
consistency and stability in moral lifeDISADVANTAGES:
Deontological method has the tendency to reduce
moral life to a juridically determined list of dos and
donts. This juridical understanding of morality can lead,
on the one hand, to self-righteousness where one
feels justified by keeping the law and on the other
hand, to moral minimalism failure to account the context and the complexity of
circumstances inherent in every moral situation
which can change the moral reality of an action or
decision.
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3. Relational-Responsibility
Model/Method
This method comes with contemporarytheologizing.
Moral life is seen in relational terms, that is,
of
relationships held together by an ongoing
interaction with God, others, self, and the
world.
The basis of this outlook is theunderstanding ofhuman persons as by
nature relational beings
No man is an island!
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This method looks at morality in terms ofwhat is properly harmonious with the full
relational context
the full relational context. The right thing to
do is what promotes a harmonious
relationship in every respect of the whole
relational context.
What promotes life-g iv ingrelationship?
answers the question What ought I to
do?
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Thus, every moral decision mustrespond to the responsibilities found in
various relationships.
Every fo rm of relat ionsh ip carr iesw i th i t responsib i l it ies to be
ful f i l led , i f i t is to be authent ic .
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For moral life to be responsive to the whole
relational context, all relevant factors to m oral
s i tuat ion must be considered inc lud inglaws
and norm s and con sequences.
An important component to relational/responsible
approach is the use ofproport ionate reasonin
determining the objective rightness or wrongnessof actions.
This is especially true when obligations and
responsibilities conflict.
Proportionate reason attends to the ambiguitiesand complexities of life.
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Holistic Model
DiscernmentLeading to a moral decision
ContextNorms and situation analysis
PersonFundamental option
Intention
ACT and its EFFECTS
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Seatwork #1
1. If God is good why is there evil in the world?
If God is powerful, then, why He cannot
annihilate evil? If evil is a reality God is neithergood nor powerful. If evil is not a reality then why
do we experience it in our life? (Maximum of ten
sentences).
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The GOOD
Good is anything that contributes to
the full realization of the human
person
Th EVIL
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The EVIL
Evil is privation of good St. Augustine
Evil is anything that frustrates or acts
against the proper growth and
development of the human person
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Types of EVIL
1. Ontic Evil - (onta real)
anything that frustrates
human life and development
Examples are death,
pain, deprivation offreedom,
deprivation of
pleasure,
deprivation ofopportunity
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2. Physical Evil evil broughtabout by the forces normally
outside human control
Examples are natural
calamities, flood,sickness
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3. Moral Evil
Evil brought about by humanacts and are within the controlof reason
Other types of evil may become
Moral evil if resulted from ourown actions
Death (Murder, Genocide, Abortionetc.)
Pain (Abuse, exploitation,
manipulation, deprivation etc.) Flood/Volcanic eruption (Abusive
cutting of trees, stubbornness, etc.)
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Conclusion
In every decision we make, there mustbe discernment first
In every act we do, there is always
responsibility to whatever resultthere is for our act Do we discern first before we make any
decision?
Are we responsible enough to anyconsequence of whatever we do?
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Assignment #2FORMAT:
-1page for every
two questions
-1.5 space
-Text is Arial
-Font is 12
Submission will be
on Tuesday July.
Papers submitted
15 minutes afterthe start of the
class will not be
accepted.
1. Explain the differentcharacteristics of the human
person.
2. What is moral life for theChristian?
3. Is there any connection between
human dignity and humanfreedom? Why?
4. Explain the connections of
authentic freedom from the
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Does beingResponsibleto any evil effect
of an evil act committedmake you a