Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally ... · Jan Kempdorp – Dr. Jan Brand Kathu – Dr. Jan Vorster Kimberley – Drs. Van Heerden and Swart Kimberley – Dr

Previous disease reports can be seen on the RuVASA website www.ruvasa.co.za

Click on Disease Reports

The following practices and laboratories (129) submitted reports during 2015:

Mpumalanga (12)

Balfour – Dr. Louis van Jaarsveld

Bethal – Dr. Hardus Pieters

Delmas – Dr. Johan Jooste

Delmas – Drs. Du Plessis and Ferreira

Grootvlei – Dr. Neels van Wyk

Karino (Nelspruit) – Dr. Silke Pfitzer

Lydenburg – Drs. Trümpelmann and Steyn

Nelspruit – Dr. André Beytell

Middelburg – Drs. Fourie, Malan and Erasmus

Piet Retief - Drs. Niebuhr and Weber

Standerton – Dr. Kobie Kroon

Volksrust – Drs. Watson and Solomon (André Visser)

Gauteng (7)

Bronkhorstspruit – Drs. De Bruin, De Bruin, Rudolph and Slabber

Krugersdorp – Dr. Clare Speedy

Magaliesburg – Dr. Ryan Jeffery

Nigel – Dr. Cindy van der Westhuizen

Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital – Proff. Annandale, Prozesky, Shakespear, Holm and

Drs. De Haast, Esposito, Gratwick, Hamman, Harmse and O’Dell

Pretoria – Dr. Hanneke Pienaar

Limpopo (7)

Lephalale (Ellisras) – Dr. Brigitte Luck

Makhado (Louis Trichardt)– Drs. Harris, Klopper and Jacobs

Modimolle (Naboomspruit)– Drs. Huber, Bredell and Barnard

Mokopane (Potgietersrus) - Dr. Henk Visser

Mookgopong (Naboomspruit) – Prof. Dietmar Holm

Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally

reported by veterinarians belonging to the Ruminant

Veterinary Association of South Africa (RuVASA), a group of the

South African Veterinary Association

February 2016

http://www.ruvasa.co.za/

Polokwane (Pietersburg) – Drs. Watson, Viljoen, Jansen Van Vuuren, Van Rooyen, Snyman and

Cremona

Vaalwater - Dr. Hampie van Staden

North West (11)

Brits – Drs. Boshoff and Coertze

Christiana - Dr. Pieter Nel

Klerksdorp – Drs. Van den Berg and Theron

Klerksdorp – Drs. Coetzee and Venter

Leeudoringstad - Dr. Ian Jonker

Lichtenburg – Dr. Fritz Ras

Lichtenburg – Dr. Nelmarie-Krüger-Rall

Rustenburg – Drs. Gaigher, Grobler, Sparks, Van Edom, Van Rooyen, Goosen and Van Rensburg

Stella - Dr. Magdaleen Vosser

Ventersdorp/ Koster – Drs. Marais and Benadé

Vryburg – Dr. Jurie Kritzinger

Free State (27)

Bethlehem – Drs. Strydom and Strydom

Bethlehem – Dr. J.C. Du Plessis

Bethlehem – Dr. Henk Basson

Bloemfontein – Dr. Stephan Wessels

Bothaville – Dr. Johann Blaauw

Bultfontein – Dr. Santjie Pieterse

Clocolan – Dr. Liezel Wasserman (Marwick)

Dewetsdorp – Dr. Marike Badenhorst

Ficksburg – Drs.Kotze and Coetzer

Frankfort - Drs. Lessing, Cilliers and Janse van Rensburg

Gariep Dam – Dr. Henk Basson

Harrismith - Drs.Thirion, Pretorius and Nel

Hoopstad - Dr. Kobus Pretorius

Kroonstad – Drs. Daffue, Eksteen, Van Zyl and Van der Walt

Ladybrand/Excelsior - Drs. De Vos and Nel

Memel – Drs. Nixon and Nixon

Parys – Drs. Wessels and Wessels

Phillipolis – Dr. Stephan Vermeulen

Reitz - Dr. Murray Smith

Trompsburg/Springfontein – Dr. Wyn Irwin

Viljoenskroon - Dr. Johan Kahts

Villiers – Drs. Hattingh and Hauptfleisch

Vrede – Drs. Myburgh and Bester-Cloete

Vrede- Dr. Rudolph Fourie

Wesselsbron –Dr. Johan Jacobs

Winburg – Drs. Albertyn and Albertyn

Zastron – Drs. Troskie and Strauss

KwaZulu-Natal (18)

Bergville - Dr. Ariena Shepherd

Bergville – Dr. Jubie Muller

Camperdown – Dr. Anthony van Tonder

Dundee – Drs. Marais and Fynn

Eshowe – Drs. Pryke and Hoffman

Estcourt – Drs.Turner, Tedder, Taylor, Tratschler, Van Rooyen and Alwar

Greytown – Dr. Mike Caldicott

Howick – Drs. Hughes, Lund, Gordon, Allison and Taylor

Ingogo – Dr. Trish Oglesby

Kokstad- Drs. Clowes and Shrives

Mooi River - Drs. Fowler, Hartley, Waterman and Mallet

Mtubatuba – Dr. Trever Viljoen

Newcastle – Dr. Barry Rafferty

Pietermaritzburg – Dr. Rick Mapham

Pietermaritzburg – Dr. Phillip Kretzmann

Pongola – Dr. Heinz Kohrs

Underberg - Drs. Collins, King and Delaney

Vryheid – Drs.Theron and Theron

Eastern Cape (14)

Alexandria - Drs. Olivier and Dreyer

Alexandria – Dr. Thys Potgieter

Aliwal North/Zastron – Drs. Troskie and Strauss

Bathurst – Dr. Jane Pistorius

Cradock – Dr. Frans Erasmus

Graaff- Reinet - Dr. Roland Larson

Graaff-Reinet – Drs. Hobson, Strydom and Hennesy

Humansdorp - Drs. Van Niekerk, Jansen Van Vuuren, Barker and Kotze

Jeffreys Bay – Drs. Hoek, Lategan and McFarlane

Kareedouw- Dr. Marten Bootsma

Port Alfred – Dr. Leon de Bruyn

Queenstown - Drs. Du Preez, Godley, Klopper, Jansen van Vuuren, De Klerk and Catherine

Stutterheim - Dr. Dave Waterman

Uitenhage – Drs. Mulder and Krüger

Western Cape (18)

Beaufort West - Drs. Pienaar and Grobler

Caledon – Drs. Retief and Rissik

Ceres – Drs. Pieterse, Wium, Freeman, De Villiers and Scheepers

Darling – Drs. Van der Merwe, Adam and Senekal

George - Drs. Strydom, Truter and Pettifer

Heidelberg – Dr. Albert van Zyl

Malmesbury – Dr. Otto Kriek

Malmesbury – Dr. Markus Fourie

Malmesbury - Drs. Bosman and Groenewald

Oudtshoorn – Dr. Glen Carlisle

Oudtshoorn – Dr. Adriaan Olivier

Piketberg – Dr. André van der Merwe

Plettenberg Bay – Dr. André Reitz

Riversdale – Drs. Du Plessis, Taylor and De Bruyn

Stellenbosch – Dr. Alfred Kidd

Swellendam – Drs. Malan and Venter

Vredenburg - Dr. Izak Rust

Wellington – Dr. William van Zyl

Northern Cape (7)

De Aar – Dr. Donald Anderson

Calvinia – Dr. Bertus Nel

Jan Kempdorp – Dr. Jan Brand

Kathu – Dr. Jan Vorster

Kimberley – Drs. Van Heerden and Swart

Kimberley – Dr. Trudie Prinsloo

Upington – Drs. Vorster and Visser

Feedlots (2)

Drs. Morris and Du Preez

Dr. Andy Hentzen

Laboratory reports (6)

Dr. Mark Chimes - Deltamune laboratory

Dr. Marijke Henton - Idexx SA Johannesburg

Dr. Liza du Plessis – Idexx SA Onderstepoort

Dr. Alan Fischer – Queenstown Provincial laboratory

Dr. Rick Last – Vetdiagnostix, Pietermaritzburg

Dr. Emily Lane – National Zoological Gardens

Summary of disease report for February 2016

129 Reports from veterinary practices and laboratories were received (Mpumalanga (MP) 12;

Gauteng (G) 7; Limpopo (L) 7; North West (NW) 11; Free State (FS) 27; KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) 18;

Eastern Cape (EC) 14; Western Cape (WC) 18; Northern Cape (NC) 7; Feedlots (FL) 2 and Laboratories

(Lab) 6).

Drought situation

Although good rains have fallen in many drought stricken areas reports of empty dams were

received. Roughage will be scarce this coming winter and cash flow may be a problem.

Visit the website of the Livestock coordinating committee for valuable information regarding

managing the present drought situation. http://www.lwcc.org.za/

DROUGHTS AND LIVESTOCK

Droughts are a seasonal occurrence in our Region and are predicted to become more intense in Southern Africa. The years when droughts are likely to occur are not really predictable far in advance. Livestock farmers should factor into their management plan in advance appropriate action/s they plan to institute in the event of a drought. Livestock farmers remain accountable for the welfare of their animals at all times and the animals should not bear the brunt of poor planning. It is totally unacceptable for livestock to starve to death which is cruel, slow and totally avoidable. There are three options that can be taken when faced with a prolonged drought: to feed , to sell or to slaughter . The time to act is immediately when confronted with the realisation that things are not going to improve in the short term. Starvation (doing nothing) must be avoided at all costs .

Allowing animals to starve is both financially disastrous with no return at all for livestock that die and morally unacceptable.

Money obtained from livestock sales can be used to buy feed for the remaining animals and eventually to buy livestock when the drought ends.

Reducing livestock numbers has the advantage that less but more effective supplements for remaining livestock can be made available.

Delaying the culling of an animal deprived of food may also render the meat from such an animal unsuitable for human consumption.

Stocking drought-stricken farms with a full complement of hungry animals will force them to graze very aggressively, which can ruin pastures and veld for years before they can recover.

Overstocking these farms increases the likelihood of plant poisoning in desperate, hungry livestock.

Starved animals will not grow or reproduce adequately and their offspring are likely to be permanently stunted and unproductive.

Undernourished livestock are far more susceptible to a range of diseases and parasites.

Economic recovery after the drought ends will be slow and expensive.

Last but not least, it is ethically not acceptable simply to allow animals to starve to death slowly. Farmers have to implement their contingency plans in stages as the drought becomes more critical.

Sell older animals that will struggle during a drought and may not make it through the winter in a poorer condition

wean calves, lambs or kids as far as possible even if lighter than normal and assist small weanlings that are not immediately marketable

keep core livestock that will be needed to rebuild the herd later and remove all non-breeding livestock, and stores from the grazing .

When the condition of livestock has deteriorated to the point that they are not marketable, it is preferable to kill them humanely rather than to allow them to die a lingering and pointless death. Because droughts of varying degrees are inevitable, it is advisable that farmers accumulate a reserve of at least 6 months feed in the form of hay, silage, foggage or conserved grazing.

http://www.lwcc.org.za/

The end of a drought does not mean the end of its consequences. What follows is often termed a “green drought”, where pastures become green but are scanty and fragile. The pastures have to be given enough time to recover before they can be used again.

Internal parasites

The following reports were received from practices regarding internal parasite infestations:

Internal parasites MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Roundworms x x x x x x x x

Resistant roundworms x x x x x x x

Wireworm x x x x x x x X

Brown stomach-worm x

Large-mouthed bowelworm

Nodularworm x

Lungworm

Eyeworm

Parafilaria x x x

Tapeworms x x x x x

Liver fluke x x x x x

Conical fluke x x x x x

Cysticercosis (measles) x x

Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)

Coccidiosis x x x x x x

An increase in the number of animals affected by internal parasites was reported during February.

Be aware that when rain fall after a drought period, large numbers of infective nematode larvae

will be present on the short grass and animals will become infested with especially wireworm in

the summer rainfall areas..

Be on the alert for signs indicating internal parasitism: anaemia, bottle jaw, weight loss and

diarrhoea. Animals under stress and lack of protein and energy, are more susceptible to parasites.

As resistance of worms, especially wireworm, to many of the anthelmintic groups are reported,

control and preventative measures against parasites should be discussed with your veterinarian to

prevent serious losses of livestock.

External parasites

The following reports were received from practices regarding external parasite infestations:

External parasites MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Blue ticks x x x x x x x x

Resistant blue ticks x x x

Heartwater ticks x x x x x x x

Brown ear-ticks x x x x x x x x

Bont-legged ticks x x x x x x x X

Red-legged ticks x x x x x

Paralysis ticks x x x

Biting lice x x

Sucking lice x x

Itch mites x x

Sheep scab x x x x

Mange mites x x

Nuisance flies x x x x x x x

Midges x x x x x x

Mosquitoes x

Blowflies x x x x x x

Screw-worm x x x

Nasal bot x x x

Reports of an increase in tick numbers were received. As many animals are in poor condition,

bloodloss due to blue ticks taking in blood meals could result in serious losses.

In most areas severe infestations of brown ear-tick and bont-legged tick infestations were reported.

Be aware of wounds that are caused by ticks with long mouth parts (bont and bont legged-ticks) as

the screw-worm fly lays its eggs in these wounds leading to myiasis (screw-worm larvae in wounds)

and even deaths.

Selection for resistant blue ticks are an ever increasing problem, discuss your ectoparasite control

program with your veterinarian.

Tick borne diseases

The following tick borne diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Tick borne diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

African red water x x x x x x x x

Asiatic red water x x x x x x x x

Anaplasmosis x x x x x x x

Heartwater x x x x x x x

Lumpy skin disease x x x x x x

Corridor disease x

Theileriosis

Tick borne diseases are rife due to tick numbers increasing during the summer months. Susceptible

animals are also moved into red water and heartwater areas. Infected ticks are also transported with

grass bales from infected areas. Vaccines are available to control most of these tick transmitted

diseases. Discuss preventative measures with your veterinarian.

The following tick toxicoses were reported by practices in the provinces:

Tick toxicosis MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Sweating sickness x x x x

Heavy infestations of bont-legged ticks were reported. Sweating sickness is caused by the toxin

secreted by the bont-legged tick. They like to attach in the tail brush and therefore this area should

be treated as well.

Paralysis due to the toxin secreted by the Karoo paralysis tick was also reported.

Insect transmittable diseases

The following insect transmittable diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Insect transmittable diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Lumpy skin disease x x x x x x

Ephemeral fever (Three day stiff sickness) x x x x x x X

Blue tongue x x x x x x x

Rift Valley Fever

Wesselsbron

An increase in the occurrence of insect transmissible diseases were reported. This was due to an

increase of midges and biting flies which are carriers of viruses.

In the past Rift Valley Fever outbreaks were seen after good rains following a drought period. Do

not neglect vaccinating animals! After good rains midge and mosquito numbers will increase and so

will insect transmittable diseases.

Venerial diseases

The following venereal diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Venereal diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Trichomonosis x x x x x

Vibriosis x x x

Pizzle disease x

New cases of trichomonosis are reported every month and this disease is out of hand. This month it

was reported that the disease was brought into the herd by buying in bulls. Make sure that you buy

bulls from farmers where biosecurity measures are in place!

Make sure that fences are in tact and gates closed so that bulls cannot escape to neighbouring cows

that may be infected with Tritrichomonas and become infected.

Cattle study groups should discuss preventative and control measures with their veterinarians. Be

sure to test bulls regularly for these diseases.

Beware when buying in or sharing bulls! Remember female animals may also be infected.

Bacterial diseases

The following bacterial diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Bacterial diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Blackquarter x x x x x x x

Botulism x x

Pulpy kidney x x x x x x x x

Lamb dysentery x

Swelled head x x x x x

Red gut (cattle) x x x x

Blood gut (sheep) x x x x

Tetanus x x x

Salmonellosis x x x x x

Bovine brucellosis x x x x x

Ovine brucellosis x X

Actinobacillus seminis

Bovine tuberculosis x

Johne’s x

Leptospirosis

Listeriosis

Pseudomonas

Fusibacterium necrophorum x

Septicaemia x

E. coli x x x x x

Enzootic abortion x x

Lumpy wool

Uterine gangrene

Bovine dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease) x x

Wooden tongue

Lumpy jaw x

A few comments on bacterial diseases:

Smallstock are given additional concentrates and feed during the drought. Make sure that animals

are vaccinated against pulpy kidney as many deaths were reported.

New brucellosis and E. coli outbreaks are reported every month.

Study the presence of diseases in your area and update your vaccination programme and order

vaccines and booster doses in advance!

To control and eradicate brucellosis is a top priority for all of us!

Viral diseases

The following viral diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Viral diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

BMC (snotsiekte) x x x x x

Rabies x x x

BVD x x

IBR x x x

BRSV

PI3 x

Rotavirus / Coronavirus

Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) x x

Sheep leucosis

Jaagsiekte x

Orf x x x x x x x

Warts x x x x x x

There is no treatment for viral diseases with the result that animals have to be protected by

vaccinations if they are available.

There is not a vaccine available against snotsiekte. This deadly virus is associated with wildebeest

but remember there is also a sheep associated strain. Wildebeest sheds the virus especially during

their calving season, when calves are weaned and during the hunting season when they are

stressed.

Discuss vaccination programmes with your veterinarian.

Fungal diseases

The following fungal disease was reported by practices in the provinces:

Fungal diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Ringworm x x x x

Protozoal diseases

The following protozoal disease was reported by practices in the provinces:

Protozoal diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Besnoitiosis (olifantsvelsiekte) x

Toxicities

The following toxicities were reported by practices in the provinces:

Toxicities MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Cardiac glycoside x x

Gifblaar x

Gousiekte x x

Cestrum (ink berry) x x

Tulip x x

Cynanchum (bobbejaantou) x

Facial eczema x x x

Lantana x x x

Prussic acid x x x

Senecio x x

Cotula nigellifolia (stagger wood)

Geeldikkop (duwweltjies) x x

Vermeersiekte x

Hertia pallens

Solanum incanum (maldronksiekte)

Gomphocarpus (Asclepias) fruticosus (milkweed)

Kikuyu x x x

Ryegrass

Ganskweek x

Photosensitivity (unknown cause) x

Lusern

Mycotoxicosis x

Diplodiosis

Lupins

Harpuisbos

Syringa berries

Kraalbos

Crotolaria

Radish

Carrot poisoning

Onion poisoning x

Bracken fern

Pollen beetle ( Astylus atromaculatus)

Water contamination x

Nitrate x

Urea x x

Snake bite x x x

Blue green algae

Copper x

Selenium

Zinc

Fluoride

Lead

Paraquat

Phosamine

Pyrethroid

Amitraz x

Levamizole

Tilmicosin

Ionophor

Many toxic plants sprout first after good rains eg. tulip. Be aware of toxic plants when animals are

brought into a new area.

Nutritional deficiencies

The following nutritional deficiencies were reported by practices in the provinces:

Deficiencies MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Energy x x x x x x x x

Protein x x x x x x

Phosphate x x x x

Calcium x x x x x x

The severe drought comes with serious nutritional deficiencies. It is now the time to plan for the

winter that lies ahead!

Micro-nutritional deficiencies

The following micro-nutritional deficiencies were reported by practices in the provinces:

Deficiencies MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Iodine x

Copper x

Zinc

Selenium x x x

Magnesium x

Manganese

Vitamin A x x x

Vitamin B 1 x x x

There are antagonists such as calcium, iron and sulphur which hamper the uptake of micro-

minerals. Have water and soil samples analysed to see what the levels of these antagonists are.

Arrange with your veterinarian to have liver samples analysed to determine the status of these

micro-minerals in your herd or flock.

With the drought and lack of proper grazing, mineral deficiencies will increase.

Supplement animals with vitamin A.

Multifactorial diseases and other conditions

The following conditions were reported by practices in the provinces

Multifactorial diseases and other conditions MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Abortions x x x x x x

Stillbirths x x x

Abscesses x x x x x x x x

Intestinal ulcers

Bladder stones x

Blindness x x x

Bloat x x x x x x

Blood gut (sheep) x

Blue udder x x x x

Diarrhoea x x x x x x x

Epididymitis x x

Eye cancer x x x x x

Eye infections x x x x x x x

Joint ill x x x x

Lameness/foot problems x x x x x x x

Lung infection x x x x x x x x

Mastitis x x x x x x x x

Navel ill x x

Red gut (sheep, torsion of gut)

Rectal prolaps

Trauma x x x x

Plastic bags (ingestion)

Downer x x x x x x

Discuss the origin, treatment and prevention of these diseases with your veterinarian

Metabolic diseases

The following diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Metabolic diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Acidosis x x x x x

Displaced abomasums x x

Ketosis x x x x

Milk fever x x x

There is an increase in the reporting of acidosis. Many farmers are feeding their animals due to the

drought. Make sure that you adapt animals to feed containing concentrates.

Discuss the etiology, treatment and prevention of these diseases with your veterinarian.

Reproductive diseases

Reproductive diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Dystocia (difficult births) x x x x x x x x

Endometritis x x x

Metritis x x x x x x

Poor conception x x x x x x

Retained afterbirth x x x x x x

Sheath prolaps x x x

Uterine prolaps x x x x

Vaginal prolaps x x x x x x x

The drought and heat experienced play a huge role in fertility. Fertility of animals is one of the

most important factors determining the success of farming. Discuss all issues with your

veterinarian.

Environmental conditions

MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Exposure to cold

Heat stress x x x x x

Lightning x x x x x

Drought x x x x

Other conditions: predators (FS); sabotage, theft (FS) and trauma (MP, G, FS, KZN) and

traumatic pericarditis – wire penetrating the heart sack from the reticulum.

Comment:

In the CODE OF CONDUCT of the RPO the following standard operating procedures are

documented. The local veterinarian should be your partner to help you achieve the necessary

standards. http://www.rpo.co.za/BestPractices/English.aspx

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES TO SUPPORT BIO-SECURITY. Precautionary measures are required to protect the herd against diseases acquired because of external contact. The following categories are of concern: 1. DIRECT LIVESTOCK PURCHASES (and own animals returning): The following should be verified before importing new animals into the herd:

How long animals have resided at the purchase or previous location?

Have there been any recent disease outbreaks in the location?

Do brand marks clearly confirm ownership?

Was a vaccination program followed (need paper or veterinarian proof). What are the local prevalent external parasites and the routinely implemented control program?

Is a veterinarian supported control program against transmittable diseases followed?

Dates and sufficient number of tests for reproductive diseases of both male and female

Dates and tests for zoonotic diseases The above should also be verified with the purchaser’s own veterinarian. 2. PURCHASES FROM SALES OR SPECULATORS

Purchase only in areas which are not in close proximity to scheduled areas

Visually inspect the animals before purchasing for: * brand marks * parasite infestation 3. TRANSPORT TO THE FARM

Use only reputable transporters

Has the truck been cleaned and disinfected?

http://www.rpo.co.za/BestPractices/English.aspx

Truck to follow the shortest uninterrupted route

Truck to take the shortest route to the handling facilities

Do not allow the truck personnel to get in contact with the farm herd

4. ARRIVAL ON THE FARM

Off-load the livestock to limit stress and to be visually evaluated for any unnatural conditions

Isolate them from the farm herd and shared facilities for at least 21 days (quarantine)

Retest for diseases of concern if needed, before mixing with the rest of the herd

Process new arrivals within 24 hrs after arrival (unique ID tag brand, dip, dose, vaccinate)

Inspect regularly

5. FEED PURCHASES

Ensure bales of hay are sourced from areas that are not bordering scheduled areas

Purchase feed from reputable dealers only

Avoid buying feed in second hand bags

Ensure feed trucks are also disinfected and cleaned, especially if also used to transport animals to abattoirs

6. VISITORS

Do not allow strangers or their vehicles amongst the livestock

Ensure fences are well maintained and preferably jackal and warthog proof 7. EMPLOYEES

Do not allow the employees to eat in feed stores

Supply employees with sufficient ablution facilities

Regularly arrange to let employees be medicated for tape worm and have health check-ups

Keep record of all employee livestock on the property

Treat employee livestock with separate but dedicated health programs

Ensure employees understand the reason behind the implemented bio-security measures to help ensure compliance.

GENERAL AND REPRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

Record keeping: All animals are individually identified and recorded.

To prove ownership: All animals are marked with the registered brand mark according to the Animal Identification Act, No 6 of 2002.

A defined breeding season is the basis of effective management: The breeding season coincides with the rainy season, i.e. the period when nutritive value of the pasture is at its best.

Sufficient energy reserves in the herd as measured by condition scoring are vital, especially for effective breeding, and when inadequate the herd is supplemented in consultation with a nutritionist: Condition scoring of bulls and cows are regularly done, particularly at the onset of the breeding season and supplemented if necessary.

Bull - cow ratios are maintained: A ratio of 1 to 25 is maintained in every separate herd.

Fertility of breeding bulls: All breeding bulls are tested for mating ability and semen quality before the breeding season.

Sexually transferable diseases: Sheath washes or scrapes on bulls are performed annually.

Diseases that can cause poor conception, abortion or weak calves: Cows are vaccinated against such diseases in consultation with the veterinarian.

Breeding success monitored by a veterinarian: Rectal pregnancy or scan diagnosis is done by the veterinarian 8 weeks after the breeding season.

Twenty percent of cows or more not pregnant: Further tests are done to determine cause of low pregnancy rate.

Culling of non-pregnant cows: Non-pregnant cows are removed from the herd and considered a necessary bonus to supporting herd income.

HERD HEALTH AND BIO-SECURITY

Maintenance of herd health is key to a successful enterprise: A veterinarian should visit the farm bi-annually at least.

Calf mortality before 3 months of age is an important reason for poor weaning percentage: Good management practices are applied to limit early calf deaths.

Some diseases and parasites (internal and external) are more often encountered in specific areas: Annual vaccinations and a parasite control program should be applied according to regional requirements and in liaison with the veterinarian.

Farmers selling weaned calves to feedlots may want to have a market advantage compared to others: A specific vaccination program is applied before weaning for that purpose.

Herds may be at risk of being exposed to CA and TB: The herd is tested annually for CA and all heifers are vaccinated against CA between 4 and 8 months of age with an efficient, approved remedy. The herd is tested at least every 5 years for TB

Precautionary measures are required to prevent diseases being imported into the herd: A quarantine program to keep incoming animals separate is followed. All incoming animals have a suitable certificate of negative test results or are of a certified clean, closed herd.

Stock remedies and medicines should be registered, correctly stored and used before the transpire date: All medicines and stock remedies are registered, stored and applied according to prescription.

Prescribed medicines with a specific application are under the control of the veterinary profession: All prescription medicines are obtained and applied under prescription from a veterinarian.

Practices that had nothing to report Karino (Nelspruit) – Dr. Silke Pfitzer Greytown – Dr. Mike Caldicott

Jan Kempdorp – Dr. Jan Brand

Ostriches Western Cape Oudtshoorn – Ostrimed

Condition Comments Tapeworms 2

Bont-legged ticks 3 High tick insidence which leads to down grading at abattoir

due to export regulations. Bad season for ticks so far. Cryptosporidium 2 See as prolaps of the cloaca. High water intake/ high

urination, wet soils = pica = exposure to oocycts. Immune

compromise – low feed intake during hot weather = prolapses

Enterotoxaemia (Red gut) 2 High heat leads to intermittend feed intake. Cooler periods

birds overeat and develop clostridial enterotoxaemia.

Strategie treatment with antibiotics assists. Vaccination

helps. Diarrhoea Soil pica, high temperatures triggers opportuinistic bacterial

infections. Heat triggers clostridial bacteria

due to overflow of nutrients into the hind gut fermenting

system. Protein /Energy deficiency 2 High temperatures lead to over intake of water, flushing of

nutrients, wet urinated areas lead to soil pica. Reduced feed

intake, all contribute to diarrhoea – sand irritation and fecal

bacteria. Insufficient nutrient intake, stress on immune

system and growth. Opportunistic bacteria or other infections,

chronic low grade C. perfringens infection. Gut damage.

Poor growth partly due to low feed intake but significantly due

to poor quality raw material being bought in for complete

feeds. Soya 40% protein vs speced at 47% Phosphate deficiency 1

Calcium deficiency 1

Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency 1 High heat, high energy ration, high fat places high demand

and antioxidants. Develop classical white muscle disease with

acute heart failure. Supplementation gives rapid response to

recovery. Vitamin A deficiency 1

Micro-element deficiency 1 Farmers reformulating due to expensive full feed. Own

mixes frequently are unblanced or they dilute or cause

imbalances to raw material added to full feeds Opthalmia 2

Sinusitis 3 Dusty environment due to high heat and dry environment.

Wind every afternoon. Dust bowl effect. Together with

challenges on nutrients and stress. Opens door for

Mycoplasma. Heat stroke 1 Birds have significantly reduced feed intake, resulting in

energy and protein deficiency – poor growth and any stress

e.g. handling or slightly cold weather causes acute mortalities

due to protein energy deficiencies.

Equines Mpumalanga Lydenburg Dermatophilosis – 2 Opthalmia - 1

Gauteng Magaliesburg Equine encephalosis - 1

Limpopo Mokopane – Dr. Henk Visser

Midges – 1 African Horse Sickness – 2 Vaalwater Obstruction of oesophagus – Old mini horse

Free-State Bethlehem Colic - 1 Memel Ionophore toxicity – 1 Babesiosis - 2

Eastern Cape Port Alfred Babesiosis - 2 cases Weird viral disease – looked like dikkop African Horse Sickness but was not AHS nor EEV1

Swine Gauteng Onderstepoort Academic Hospital Abscesses - 1

Eastern Cape Alexandria Urea poisoning – 2 Graaff-Reinet Botulism

Game Mpumalanga Lydenburg Resistant roundworms – 2 Cysticercosis - 1 Standerton Drought – 3 Some specific farms horribly affected. Fodder bank for winter is problematic.

Gauteng Pretoria -A nimavet Heartwater ticks - 3 Brown ear-tick – 3 Bont legged-tick - 3 Abortion – 2 Arthritis – 1 Opthalmia - 2

Abscesses – 2 Secondary to tick infestation Lameness – 3 Secondary to tick infestation

Limpopo Mokopane Heartwater tick – 3 Brown ear-ticks – 3 Bont-legged tick – 1 Red-legged tick - 2 Blowflies – 1 Screw-worm 3 Polokwane Bont-legged tick – 3 Capture myopathy – 2 Vaalwater Heartwater – Springbuck

North West Magaliesburg Tick toxicosis - Sable and wildebeest calves Babesiosis - Sable calves Wireworm – Springbuck in small camp, stress Blue lice - Springbuck in small camp, stress Klerksdorp Intestinal roundworms – 2 Tapeworms – 2 Brown ear-ticks - 2 Bont-legged ticks – 3 Red-legged tick – 3 Red gut - 2 Lichtenburg Blue ticks – 3 Heartwater ticks – 2 Brown ear-ticks – 1 Bont-legged ticks – 3 Red-legged ticks – 3 Abortions – 1Joint-ill – 1 Lameness- 2 Nutrion deficiency - Sable

Free-State Memel Blackleg – 1 Trauma – Fratured limbs due to fighting. Injuries possibly due to unnatural stocking densities. Philippolis – Dr. Stephan Vermeulen Paralysis ticks – 8 Gemsbuck out of a herd of 30 died a few days after a rain and hail storm. A cold strong wind blew which most probably activated paralysis ticks. This event occurred early in the season which usually only start in March.

KwaZulu-Natal Pongola Heartwater tick – 2 Brown ear-tick - 3

Protein deficiency – 3 Energy deficiency - 3 Drought – 3

Eastern Cape Alexandria Joint ill - 1 Graaff –Reinet – Camdeboo Veterinary Clinic Panleukopenia virus – Lion 1 Port Alfred Abscess – Sable, purulent abscess from tick worry. Snake bite – suspected cobra bite in a Bontebok

Northern Cape Kimberley –Drs. Van Heerden and Swart Wounds – Tiger 1, Letchwe 1, Sable

Vaginal prolapse – Sable 1

Pneumonia – Roan 1

Malkopui toxicity – Buffalo 2

Monthly report on Livestock and Wildlife isolations for January 2016 from

IDEXX Laboratories supplied by dr. Marijke Henton ([email protected])

Samples from respiratory disease in feedlot cattle yielded Mannheimia haemolytica [2], Pasteurella

multocida [2], Histophilus somni, Mannheimia 8C and Mannheimia 7.

Brucella abortus caused an abortion. Cases of calf diarrhoea yielded Salmonella Dublin, E. coli and

Klebsiella pneumoniae. Abscesses yielded Trueperella pyogenes in two cases, one of them together

with Prevotella.

Pneumonia in sheep yielded Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni, and in an Angora goat,

Trueperella pyogenes. Blue udder in sheep yielded Mannheimia haemolytica {2], Staphylococcus

pseudintermedius, and a combination of Trueperella pyogenes and Porphyromonas. The OBP Blue

Udder vaccine contains 3 strains of Mannheimia haemolytica, and two of Staphylococcus aureus. It is

unknown whether the vaccine protects against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or not.

Mannheimia strains need to be typed at Onderstepoort to establish whether they are similar to

strains included in the vaccine, before the vaccine can be recommended.

Salmonella Choleraesuis was isolated from a pig farm, E. coli [2] from enteritis and Pasteurella

multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica and E. coli from cases of pneumonia in pigs.

Sporothrix caused lymphangitis in a horse and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius caused a skin

infection in another horse. There was difficulty to treat a case in a stallion infected with both

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where two sets of samples from the prepuce,

before and after treatment yielded both each time. Post-operative wounds yielded a combination of

mailto:[email protected]

E. coli and Enterococcus in one case, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Actinomyces in another, and

Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli in a third.

Mannheimia varigena caused septicaemia in a buffalo, and Pasteurella multocida a joint infection in

a springbok. Klebsiella pneumoniae caused septicaemia in a rhino, but the underlying infection was

most probably Clostridium novyi.

Monthly report on Livestock and Wildlife isolations for Febuary 2016 from

IDEXX Laboratories supplied by dr. Liza du Plessis ([email protected])

Condition Comments and Specie

Hepatotoxicity B 1

Endometritis G 1

Abscesses B,O 1

Fusobacterium B,O 1

Trauma G 2

Molluscum contagiosum E 1

Theileriosis G 2

Feedlot report received from Dr. Shaun Morris and Dr. Eben du Preez for February 2016 ([email protected])

Sheep feed lots

The following was observed:

Wireworm infestation caused numerous losses. Weak anaemic sheep react poorly to immunization with pulpy kidney vaccine and the inability to adapt to feedlot conditions. Resistant wireworm infestation is rife. Numerous pneumonia cases due to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida occurred. Vitamin B1 deficiencies with nervous signs which could easily be confused with botulism occurred. This deficiency was seen occurring with nutritional disturbances. Rumen atrophy was seen in sheep arriving from poor grazing conditions. The cause of mortalities in lambs within 5 to 6 days after birth is still unclear. A few blue tongue cases were observed. Lung abscesses were seen at meat inspection at abattoirs. Prolapses in sheep that were in good condition occurred when they coughed due to dusty conitions. Cattle feedlots Pneumonia was the biggest cause of losses and lung lesions at abattoirs. Pericarditis causes mortalities and is the reason why hearts are condemned at abattoirs. Cattle show clinical signs such as ventral oedema (watery swelling) of the neck and brisket similar to traumatc pericarditis (wire penetrating the heart sack from the reticulum). Numerous deaths occurred in C-grade cattle arriving in poor condition at feedlots. Acidosis with bloat and red gut mortalities occurred. At the abattoir severe lesions were seen on the rumen wall in animals that survived.



A few cases of three day stiffsickness were seen. Numerous anaplasmosis and red water (Asiatic and African) cases were seen. Mortalities due to cerebral red water occurred. Livers were condemned at abattoirs due to liver fluke infestations. Parafilaria infestation damaged carcasses and losses occurred due to lesions that had to be trimmed. Lantana toxicity caused serious damage to skins.

Feedlot report received from Dr. Andy Hentzen for February 2016 ([email protected])

Condition Comments and Specie

Intestinal roundworms O 2

Tapeworms B 2

Blue ticks B 3

Brown ear-ticks B 3

Red-legged ticks B 3

Biting lice B 3

Sucking lice B 3

Nuisance flies B 3

Midges B 3

African red water B 3

Asiatic red water B 3

Anaplasmosis B 3

Lumpy skin disease B 1

Three day stiffsikness B 2

Blackleg B 2

Swelled head B 1

Red gut B 3

Pulpy kidney O 1

Ringworm B 3

Leptospirosis B 1

E. coli B 2

BVD B 3

IBR B 3

Warts B 3

Water contamination B 3

Protein deficiency B 3

Energy deficiency B 3

Phosphate deficiency B 3

Copper deficiency B 2

Zinc deficiency B 2

Selenium deficiency B 2

Vitamin A deficiency B 2

Combination of trace mineral deficiencies

B 3

Abortions B 2


Poor conception B 2

Dystocias B 2

Metritis B 2

Retained afterbirths B 2

Lameness B 3

Lungs B 3

Diarrhoea B 3

Opthalmia B 3

Abscesses B,C 3

Monthly report for February 2016 from Dr R D Last (BVSc; M.Med.Vet(Path);

MRCVS)

Specialist Veterinary Pathologist, Vetdiagnostix - Veterinary Pathology Services

Contributors

Mr Butch Bosch

Ms Ntando Magoso

Mrs Beverley Williams

Ms Nicole Gengan

Dr Rick Last

LIVESTOCK DISEASE SURVEILANCE

LIVESTOCK SPECIES DISEASE AGENT NO. CASES LOCATION

Bovine, Calves Colisepticaemia 1 Kokstad, KZN

Bovine, Cows Monensin poisoning 2 Estcourt, KZN

Bovine Bulls Trichomonas foetus 6 Bergville KZN

Bovine, Beef Cow Liver fluke and toxic nephropathy 1 Empangeni, KZN

Bovine, Yearling Clostridial red-gut 1 Howick, KZN

Bovine Weaner Listeriosis 1 Ladysmith, KZN

Bovine Stillbirths Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (micronutrient def) 7 Harare, Zimbabwe

WILDLIFE SPECIES DISEASE AGENT NO. CASES LOCATION

Lama Enteric coccidiosis and hypovitaminosis A 1 Pietermaritzburg, KZN

Wild Dog Pyothorax pleuritis migrating foreign body 1 Lammermoor, Gauteng

Golden Wildebeest Calf Iron storage disease with CCN 1 Grahamstown, E.Cape

Roan Antelope, Calf Nutritional myopathy 1 Hoedspruit, Limpopo

Blue Wildebeest Black mamba neurotoxic shock lung 1 Nylstroom, Limpopo

Sable Antelope yearling Hereditary sebaceous gland hyperplasia / dysplasia 1 Nylstroom, Limpopo

Lion Cub Bacterial pleuropneumonia (Pasteurella?) 1 Ottosdal, Northern Cape

Sable Antelope, Yearling Granulomatous osteomyelitis 1 Nylstroom, Limpopo

Buffalo, Adult Theileria parva 4 Matubatuba, KZN

Monthly report for February 2016 from Queenstown Provincial Veterinary

Laboratory as supplied by Dr. A.D. Fisher ([email protected])

Condition Area Comments and Specie

Intestinal roundworms O 3

Resistant roundworms O 2 (moxidectin)

Liver fluke Cofimvaba O 1

Heartwater ticks B 1

Tampans WhittleWhittlesea, Queenstownsea, Cofimvaba

Avian 2

Fleas (Echidnophaga gallinaceae)

Asiatic red water Queenstown, Nqeleni (cerebral),Elliot (cerebral)

B 3

Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei) B 1 (visceral)

Botulism P 2 – chicken carcasses

Chlamydophila pecorum Cofimvaba O 1 - encephalitis

Rabies Coffee Bay, Port St. Johns 3 (4 positives) Canine (Queenstown) Canine (Port St Johns) Canine (Mthatha) Equine (Mqanduli)

B – bovine; O – ovine; C – caprine; P – pigs; G – game

1 = one case; 2 = 2 to 9 cases; 3 = more than 10 cases

Monthly report for February 2016 from Deltamune laboratory Oudtshoorn

as supplied by Dr. Mark Chimes ([email protected])

Disease condition Specie

Mastitis – Eastern and Western Cape B 3

Trichomonosis - Queenstown B 2

B – bovine; 2 = 2 to 9 cases; 3 = more than 10 cases

Wildlife Pathology Research Programme – National Zoological Gardens. Information supplied by Dr. Emily Lane ([email protected])

25 th Decemer 2015 to 31 st January 2016 WILDLIFE PATHOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAMME



NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS P O BOX 754 PRETORIA 0001 232 BOOM ST PRETORIA

PHONE: 012 328 3265 X106, 228, 176 FAX: 012 324 2744 [email protected]; www.nzg.ac.za/research/services.php The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa is a proud facility of the National Research Foundation Member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) Pan-African Association of Zoological Gardens. Aquaria and Botanic Gardens (PAAZAB)

DAFF Import/Export Policy Unit Subdirectorate Monthly report: Cases sent to referring veterinarians between 25 th December 2015 and 31 st January 2016 Cases from State vet Skukuza or Orpen Cases imported with master permit and CITES permits (none)

http://www.nzg.ac.za/research/services.php

DISEASE DISTRIBUTION REPORT AS REPORTED BY VETERINARIANS

Table of Contents

Internal Parasites

Roundworms in general, Resistant Round Worms, Wireworm, Brown

stomach-worm, Nodular worm, Tape Worms, Parafilaria, Liver fluke,

Conical Flukes, Cysticercosis

External Parasites

Blue ticks, Resistant blue Ticks, Heartwater (Bont) ticks, Brown ear-ticks,

Bont-legged ticks, Red-legged ticks , Paralysis ticks, Biting lice (red lice),

Sucking lice (blue lice), Scab mites, Mange Mites, Nuisance Flies,

Blowflies, Screw-worm , Nasal bot larvae , Midges, Mosquitoes, Itch mite

Tick-borne Diseases

African red water, Asiatic red water, Anaplasmosis, Heartwater, Sweating

Sickness, Corridor disease

Insect Transmittable Diseases Lumpy skin disease, Three-day-stiffsickness, Blue tongue

Venereal Diseases Trichomonosis, Vibriosis, Pizzle disease

Bacterial Disease (other)

Blackquarter, Botulism, Pulpy Kidney, Lamb dysentry, Swelled head

disease, Redgut (cattle), Blood gut (Sheep), Tetanus, Salmonellosis ,

Brucella abortus, Brucella ovis, Bovine Tuberculosis, Johne`s disease,

Septicaemia, E. coli, Enzootic Abortion, Bovine Dermatophilosis (Senkobo

disease), Fusibacterium necrophorum , Other

Protozoal diseases (other) Besnoitiosis, Coccidiosis

Fungal diseases Ringworm

Viral Diseases (other)

BMC, Rabies, BVD (Bovine viral diarrhoea), IBR (Infectious bovine

rhinotracheitis), PI3, Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL), Jaagsiekte, Orf,

Warts

Poisonings (Plant) and Fungal

Cardiac glycoside poisoning, Cestrum, Cynanchum poisoning, Facial

eczema, Geeldikkop/Dikoor, Gifblaar, Gousiekte, Kikuyu poisoning,

Lantana, Nitrate poisoning, Prussic acid poisoning, Seneciosis, Tulip

Poisoning, Vermeersiekte (Gaigeria spp.), Mycotoxicosis, Other

Poisonings

Water contamination, Urea Poisoning, Snake Bite, Copper Poisoning,

Chemical products

Macro Nutritional Problems

Energy deficiency, Protein deficiency, Phosphate deficiency, Calcium

deficiency

Micro Nutritional Problems

Iodine deficiency, Copper deficiency, Selenium deficiency, Magnesium

deficiency, Iodine deficiency, Vitamin A deficiency, Vitamin B deficiency

Multi-factorial Disease Conditions

Abortions, Stillbirths, Abscesses, Abscesses in general, Bladder stones,

Blindness, Bloat, Blood gut (sheep and goat), Blue udder, Diarrhoea,

Epididymitis , Eye Cancer, Eye infections, Joint Ill, Lameness/Foot

Problems, Lung infection, Mastitis in general, Navel Ill, Trauma, Downer,

Other

Metabolic Diseases Acidosis, Displaced abomasum, Ketosis, Milk Fever


Dystocia (Difficult Births), Endometritis, Metritis, Poor conception,

Retained afterbirth, Sheath Prolaps, Uterus prolaps, Vaginal (Cervical)

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prolaps

Climatical Cause Drought, Heat stress, Lightning

Non specific diseases Cause of death not established, Preditors, Sabotation - Theft, Trauma

Internal Parasites

Roundworms in general ^

PROVINCE Mpumalanga Gauteng Limpopo North

West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (6) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 2.0 (4) 2.1

(14) 2.2 (14) 2.4 (5) 2.5 (6)

Level of importance scale: 1 = one case, 2 = more than one case but less than ten and 3 = more than 10 cases

reported

Beef 2.0 (3) 1.7 (3) 2.5 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 1.7 (3) 2.4

(10) 2.0 (8) 2.3 (4) 2.6 (5)

Goat 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga

Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek

Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Standerton, Econovet

Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Standerton, Standerton Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Gauteng

Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms

Sheep: 3

Limpopo

Makhado, Blouberg Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Numerous infestations

Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

North West

Klerksdorp, Buffeldoorn Dierehospitaal

Goat: 3

Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2

Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health

Sheep: 2

Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek

Sheep: 1

Free State

Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels

Sheep: 3










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Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek

Sheep: 1

Ficksburg, Oos Vrystaat Diere Produkte

Sheep: 2, Goat: 1

Gariepdam, Gariep Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2

Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2, Sheep: 3

Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek

Beef: 1, Sheep: 3

Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2

Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek

Beef: 2

Trompsburg, Dr. Wyn Irwin

Sheep: 2

Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap

Sheep: 3

Kwazulu-Natal

Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic


Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic

Sheep: 2

Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic

Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle

Sheep: 1

Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

Sheep: 2

Annual surge, resistance being observed to avermectins

Vryheid, Dr GH Theron

Sheep: 2

Eastern Cape

Graaff-Reinet, Camdeboo Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 1, Goat: 3

Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3

Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic

Sheep: 3

Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2

Western Cape

Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital

Sheep: 2

George, George Animal Hospital

Dairy: 2, Sheep: 3

Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2

Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3

Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Resistant Round Worms ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.6 (5) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.6 (5) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga

Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer

Sheep: 2

Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

Goat: 2


Sheep: 1

Gauteng


Sheep: 2

North West


Goat: 3

Twelve kids died of wireworm infestation 2 weeks after dosing. Changed to organophosphate anthelmintic and

animals recovered.

Free State


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1

Dosed with Zolvix, barber worm evident, worm egg count still very high (Moniezia + Coccidia + Nematode eggs)


Sheep: 1

Annual surge, resistance being observed to avermectins

Eastern Cape

Cradock, Cradock Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2


Resistance on the increase


Goat: 2


Sheep: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 3

Wireworm ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.0

(11) 2.4 (5) 1.8 (4) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.2 (9) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 1.5 (2)

Mpumalanga

Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital

Sheep: 2

Gauteng

Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2, Goat: 1

Nigel, Welgelegen Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Limpopo

Ellisras, Matoppi Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Severe infestations

Free State

Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital

Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2, Goat: 1


Sheep: 3

Severe infestation


Sheep: 3


Beef: 1, Sheep: 3

Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2


Sheep: 3

Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2


Kwazulu-Natal

Dundee, Endumeni Herd health

Sheep: 2, Goat: 2


Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services

Sheep: 2

Eastern Cape

Bathurst, Dr Jane Pistorius

Goat: 1


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1, Goat: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 2

Northern Cape

De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 2

Mortalities due to wireworm infestations after rain

Brown stomach-worm ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.5 (2)


reported

Sheep 2.5 (2)

Western Cape


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 3

Nodular worm ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 2.0 (1)

North West

Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2



Tape Worms ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.3 (4) 2.0 (1) 1.6 (8) 2.0 (4) 2.3 (4)


reported

Beef 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Dairy 1.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.7 (6) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Goat: 2


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1


Beef: 1

Gauteng


Sheep: 2

Free State


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2

Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 1


Beef: 2, Dairy: 1, Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy

Beef: 1

Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic

Sheep: 1

Eastern Cape


Goat: 2


Sheep: 2, Goat: 2


Sheep: 3

Parafilaria ^




West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Limpopo

Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser

Beef: 2


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Liver fluke ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.8 (6) 2.5 (6) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.7 (3) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Free State




Beef: 2, Dairy: 1


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Beef: 3

Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic


Beef: 2

River flood planes, Makhatini

Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1

Western Cape


Sheep: 2

Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital

Beef: 2

Conical Flukes ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.3 (4) 2.2 (5) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (2) 1.3 (4) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk

Beef: 1

Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek

Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Eastern Cape

Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer

Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Western Cape

Beaufort West, Beaufort West State Vet


Sheep: 1

Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital

Beef: 2

Cysticercosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 3

Abattoir inspection

Free State

Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek

Beef: 1

External Parasites

Blue ticks ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.4 (7) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.8 (5) 2.7

(19) 2.8 (14) 2.3 (4) 2.6 (7)


reported

Beef 2.5 (6) 2.5 (2) 2.8 (4) 2.6

(14) 2.7 (11) 2.3 (4) 2.7 (3)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3) 2.5 (2)

Goat 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek

Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Volksrust, Cape Cross Volksrust Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3

Gauteng




Sheep: 2

Limpopo


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

North West


Beef: 2

Lichtenburg, Dr CM Kruger-Rall

Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

Free State

Bethlehem, Henk Basson

Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

General




Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3




Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal

Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Beef: 3, Goat: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2

Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek

Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Western Cape


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Dairy: 2

Oudtshoorn, Oudtshoorn Dierekliniek

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3

Wellington, Wellington Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 3

Op uiers

Resistant blue Ticks ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 1


Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Heartwater (Bont) ticks ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.7 (3) 2.7 (3) 3.0 (6) 2.3 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.4 (14) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (6) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (3)

Goat 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (4) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Goat: 3

Gauteng


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Limpopo





North West


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Stella, Stella Dierekliniek

Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2




Beef: 2, Dairy: 3, Goat: 2


Beef: 3






Eastern Cape


Beef: 2


Goat: 2

Fort Beaufort, Grahamstown

Brown ear-ticks ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.3 (6) 3.0 (3) 3.0 (4) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.8 (9) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2)


reported

Beef 2.2 (5) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.8 (9) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Gauteng


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Limpopo




Beef: 3

North West


Beef: 2

Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek

Beef: 3


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 2


Parys, Parys Dierekliniek

Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape


Beef: 3

Western Cape


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3

Bont-legged ticks ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.8 (5) 2.3 (4) 2.3 (3) 2.5

(10)

2.5

(25) 2.5 (2) 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.8 (5) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.6 (7) 2.4

(15) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.7 (6) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek

Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Gauteng




Beef: 3

Limpopo


Beef: 1


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

North West

Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 3, Sheep: 2

Free State

Bethlehem, Bethlehem State Vet

Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer

Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2




Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2




Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Western Cape

Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed

Beef: 1, Sheep: 1


Sheep: 3

Op uiers

Northern Cape

Calvinia, Calvinia Veeartskliniek

Sheep: 3

Red-legged ticks ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (2) 2.5

(16) 2.5 (4)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.4 (8) 2.3 (3)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.8 (5) 3.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Limpopo



North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3




Beef: 3, Sheep: 3



Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Goat: 1


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Paralysis ticks ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 2

Free State


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 1

Biting lice (red lice) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1

Western Cape


Goat: 1

Sucking lice (blue lice) ^





West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Gauteng


Goat: 1

Free State


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 1

Scab mites ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1

North West


Sheep: 3

Free State


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 1

Northern Cape


Sheep: 2

Britstown area

Mange Mites ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape



Average 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2)


reported

Beef 2.5 (2)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Limpopo


Goat: 1

Sarcoptes

Free State


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Nuisance Flies ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (5) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.8

(10) 2.7 (7) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (6)


reported

Beef 3.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.7 (6) 2.8 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga




Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Limpopo


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 2, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

General


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3



Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Beef: 2, Goat: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Dairy: 3

Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek

Dairy: 2


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Blowflies ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 1.9 (9) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1

Gauteng


Beef: 1

Limpopo


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Free State


Beef: 1, Sheep: 2


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2



Sheep: 1


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1

Screw-worm ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 3

Limpopo


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2, Goat: 2

Nasal bot larvae ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.3 (3)


reported

Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.5 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Gauteng


Sheep: 2

Free State




Sheep: 3

General


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 3


Goat: 2

Midges ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.6 (5) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1



Gauteng


Sheep: 2

North West

Brits, Brits Dierekliniek

Sheep: 3

Free State


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Sheep: 2

Western Cape


Dairy: 3

Mosquitoes ^




West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2

Itch mite ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Free State


Sheep: 1

Tick-borne Diseases

African red water ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.1 (8) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.8 (6) 2.3 (16) 2.3 (4) 2.1 (7)


reported

Beef 2.0 (7) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.8 (6) 2.3 (12) 2.0 (3) 1.8 (4)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Delmas, Dr Johan Jooste

Dairy: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3




Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Gauteng


Beef: 3

Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic

Beef: 2

Five cases

Limpopo


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

North West

Magaliesburg, Magaliesburg; Dr Ryan Jeffrey

Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 1

Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek

Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Vaccine not available

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

As usual a surge in tick population, and endemic instability; vaccine shortage


Beef: 2

Eastern Cape


Beef: 1

Jeffreys Bay, Cape Cross Veterinary Hospital

Dairy: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Beef: 1


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2

Plettenberg Bay, Plettenberg Bay A Reitz

Beef: 1

Red water calf out of a herd of 30


Dairy: 3

Asiatic red water ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.4 (9) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.8 (5) 1.8 (13) 2.0 (5) 2.8 (6)


reported

Beef 2.4 (9) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.8 (5) 1.7 (10) 2.0 (4) 2.7 (3)

Dairy 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (3)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3



Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Gauteng


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Limpopo


Beef: 2

North West


Beef: 2

Free State

Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek

Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic

Beef: 1


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 3

Multiple farm outbreaks. Asiatic red water distribution appears to be moving further up the Kamberg


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

As usual a surge in tick population, and endemic instability; vaccine shortage


Beef: 1

Eastern Cape


Beef: 1

Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic

Dairy: 2

Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 2

Bathurst, 3 cases


Beef: 2

Stutterheim, Stutterheim Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3

Western Cape


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 3

Late summer and autumn - severe outbreaks.

Anaplasmosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.2 (6) 2.0 (1) 1.6 (7) 2.1

(18) 2.2 (6) 2.5 (4) 2.0 (8)


reported

Beef 2.0 (5) 2.0 (1) 1.6 (7) 2.2

(16) 2.3 (4) 2.0 (2) 1.8 (4)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (4)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Limpopo


Beef: 2

North West



Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Rustenburg, Protea Dierekliniek

Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital

Dairy: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2, Dairy: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2

Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter

Dairy: 3


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2

Western Cape

Darling, Darling Dierekliniek

Beef: 2


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2

Malmesbury, Invitrotech

Dairy: 2

Six cases out of 4 000 adult cattle.


Beef: 1


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2

Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2

Heartwater ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 2.7 (7) 2.2 (5) 1.8 (15) 2.0 (8) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.2 (5) 1.9 (8) 1.7 (3)

Dairy 2.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Goat: 3

Gauteng


Beef: 2, Goat: 2


Sheep: 3



Sheep: 1, Goat: 2

Limpopo


Beef: 3


Sheep: 1


Beef: 3, Goat: 3



North West


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 1



Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital

Beef: 2

Per-acute heartwater


Beef: 3, Goat: 3


Beef: 2





Eastern Cape


Dairy: 3


Goat: 2

Seven cases


Goat: 2

Fort Beaufort, Grahamstown


Beef: 1

One farm


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2

Shaw Park, 2 cases

Sheep: 2

Shaw Park, 2 cases


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Goat: 1

Sweating Sickness ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (3) 2.3 (7) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (3) 2.3 (7) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

Limpopo


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Calves on numerous farms


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1

Corridor disease ^




West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2

Endemic

Insect Transmittable Diseases

Lumpy skin disease ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.3 (4) 1.7

(10) 1.8 (5)


reported

Beef 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.3 (4) 1.7 (9) 1.8 (5)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Gauteng


Beef: 3

Limpopo


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Free State



Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Nine young bulls, they were vaccinated in September with OBP vaccine


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Farmers reported numerous lumpy skin disease cases.

Three-day-stiffsickness ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.9 (9) 3.0 (2)


reported

Beef 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.9 (7) 3.0 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Gauteng


Beef: 2


Limpopo


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

North West


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Farmers reported numerous three-day-stiffsickness cases.

Northern Cape

Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek

Beef: 3

Upington, Upington Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3

At abattoir numerous lymphnodes of carcasses enlarged, suspect sub-clinical three day stiffsickness.

Blue tongue ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 1.4 (8) 2.4 (5) 2.5 (2) 1.8 (8)


reported

Sheep 1.5 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 1.4 (8) 2.4 (5) 2.5 (2) 1.8 (8)


Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Gauteng

Muldersdrift, Muldersdrift Animal Hospital

Sheep: 2

Chartwell

North West


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 3

Blue tongue on two farms


Sheep: 1

Free State


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 3

Multiple cases across 2 farms


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 3

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 3

General


Sheep: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 3

Northern Cape

Piketberg, Piketberg Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 1

One farm with blue tongue.


Sheep: 1

Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal

Sheep: 2

Two farms


Sheep: 3

Venereal Diseases

Trichomonosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.4 (5) 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.4 (5) 1.5 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

New farm


Beef: 3

Gauteng

Centurion, Deltamune

Beef: 1

Queenstown

North West


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Disease on the increase



Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Vibriosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 1

Eastern Cape


Beef: 1

Pizzle disease ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1



Bacterial Disease (other)

Blackquarter ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.1 (7) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.8 (8) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.9 (7) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2)

Dairy 1.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Gauteng


Beef: 1

Limpopo


Beef: 3

North West


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Three calves - Wonderfontein


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2


Sheep: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1



Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Botulism ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

North West


Beef: 2

Pulpy Kidney ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.9 (8) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.3 (3)


reported

Sheep 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 1.9 (8) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.3 (3)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2

Gauteng




Sheep: 2

Limpopo


Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

North West


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1

Free State


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1

Western Cape


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1

Lamb dysentry ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported


Sheep 2.0 (1)

Free State


Sheep: 2

Swelled head disease ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Gauteng


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1

Eastern Cape


Goat: 2

Red gut (cattle) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.5 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 1




Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 2

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2

Blood gut (Sheep) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (3) 1.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

North West


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1

Free State


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1, Goat: 1


Sheep: 1

Western Cape


Sheep: 1

Lambs

Tetanus ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)




reported

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Goat: 1

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1

Salmonellosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Dairy: 1

Free State


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Dairy calves bought by people in township


Beef: 1

Eastern Cape


Dairy: 2

Western Cape


Beef: 1

Samonellosis in calves - outbreak and deaths in 2 month old calves. No diarrhoea but increased respiration and

septicemia.

Brucella abortus ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.8 (5) 1.5 (2) 2.7 (3) 2.3 (6) 1.0 (1)




reported

Beef 1.8 (5) 1.5 (2) 2.7 (3) 2.3 (6) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

New farm


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Limpopo


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

North West


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

102 positive cases


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 3

Stil a huge problem in my area, farmers are not testing their animals. If there are positive animals,proper control

measures are not followed.


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1

Bought in animals

Brucella ovis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape


Average 1.0 (2) 1.7 (3)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (2) 1.7 (3)

Free State


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1

Northern Cape


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Two flocks: Meatmasters in Carnarvon and Merino's in De Aar.

Kimberley, Legalvet Services

Sheep: 1

Bovine Tuberculosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1

One herd, cultures so far negative

Johne`s disease ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 1

Septicemia ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape




Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Western Cape


Dairy: 2

E. coli ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 3.0 (7) 2.5 (4) 2.2 (5) 2.7 (3)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2) 3.0 (5) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)

Dairy 2.3 (3) 2.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.5 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

Calves

Sheep: 3

Lambs


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Dairy: 2



Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3

Calf scours - resistent to multiple drugs


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Dairy: 3


Beef: 3


Dairy: 2

Enzootic Abortion ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 3

North West


Sheep: 3

Bovine Dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2

Fusibacterium necrophorum ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1)





reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Free State


Beef: 1

Other ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1

Bacterial stomatitis, Shaw Park, one case

Western Cape


Dairy: 2

Lumpy jaw in dairy cattle

Protozoal diseases (other)

Besnoitiosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Limpopo


Beef: 2

Three cases - still to be confirmed

Coccidiosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.7 (6) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (3) 2.3 (4) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1)


reported




Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Sheep 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2, Goat: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Gauteng


Beef: 2


Sheep: 3

Free State


Sheep: 3


Beef: 2


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3

Calves


Beef: 2, Goat: 2


Sheep: 2

Eastern Cape


Goat: 2

Three cases


Goat: 2


Sheep: 3

Western Cape


Sheep: 2

Fungal diseases

Ringworm ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.5 (2) 1.8 (5) 2.5 (4) 1.0 (2)



reported

Beef 2.5 (2) 1.8 (5) 2.5 (2)

Dairy 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 1


Sheep: 1

Viral Diseases (other)

BMC (snotsiekte) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.3 (6) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.3 (6) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Limpopo



Beef: 2

North West


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 1

Five cattle


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Eastern Cape


Beef: 1

Rabies ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 3

Jackals


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2

BVD (Bovine viral diarrhoea) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)




reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Free State


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3

IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (4)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (3)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Limpopo


Beef: 3

20 heifers with viral pneumonia - most probably IBR

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Parainfluenza 3 (PI3) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Gauteng




Beef: 2

Calves dying at age of 2-3 months - Viral pneumonia - Suspect PI3. No further deaths after vaccinating Bovishield

Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Western Cape


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 1

Jaagsiekte ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 2.0 (1)

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 2

Orf ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.7 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2)


reported

Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)

Goat 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Goat: 1





Goat: 2

Gauteng


Sheep: 2

North West


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1

Free State


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 3


Goat: 2


Sheep: 3

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Shaw Park, 2 cases

Western Cape


Goat: 2

Boerbok kids


Sheep: 3

Warts ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.2 (5) 1.3 (3)


reported

Beef 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.3 (4) 1.5 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Limpopo



Beef: 1

North West


Goat: 1

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Beef: 2


Dairy: 1


Beef: 1

Poisonings (Plant) and Fungal

Cardiac glycoside poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 2

Five cows died of slangkop poisoning


Beef: 3

Western Cape



Sheep: 2

Drought

Cestrum ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Free State


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2


Dairy: 2

Two farms

Cynanchum poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.5 (2)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3

One farm - one heifer; other farm 15 adult cows

Facial eczema ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1)




Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Gauteng


Sheep: 1

Lambs grazing on Smutsvinger pasture!

Free State


Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape


Dairy: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3


Sheep: 2

Geeldikkop/Dikoor ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.8 (4) 3.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 2.8 (4) 3.0 (1)

Free State


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 2

Phillipolis, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer

Sheep: 3

Up to 10% of flock affected in some flocks.

Northern Cape


Sheep: 3

Gifblaar ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)



North West


Beef: 1

Gousiekte ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 1

Kikuyu poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Free State


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 1

Eastern Cape


Dairy: 1

One farm


Dairy: 2

Lantana ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)





reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1

Limpopo


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Nitrate poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

Amaranthus toxicity

Prussic acid poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (6) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.5 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.8 (4)

North West


Sheep: 1

Free State


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1

17 Sheep died, fed with fresh vegetable left overs


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2




Sheep: 1

Western Cape


Dairy: 2

Suspected, Eucalyptus leaves.

Seneciosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Free State


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2

Tulip Poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Western Cape


Sheep: 1

Northern Cape


Beef: 3

Vermeersiekte (Gaigeria spp.) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)




Free State


Beef: 1


Sheep: 2

Mycotoxicosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.7 (3)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

Western Cape


Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2

Aspergillus clavatus tremorgenic toxicosis. Six animals fed hydroponically grown barley, five animals died.

Other ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Free State


Beef: 3

Photosensitivity - large outbreak, cause not confirmed.

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3

Unknown poisoning

Eastern Cape


Goat: 1

Ganskweek- Fort Beaufort


Sheep: 2

Ganskweek

Western Cape




Sheep: 2

Suspected onion toxicity in flock of sheep. Left over onions were consumed over night. Next morning sheep were

severely bloated, shallow respiration and weakness. Dorper sheep were dosed with hypo and hypo dissolved in

the drinking trough. Sheep recovered.

Poisonings

Water contamination ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Western Cape


Dairy: 3

Urea Poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 1


Sheep: 3

Snake Bite ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4)

Dairy 1.0 (1)

North West





Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 1

Copper Poisoning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 2.0 (1)

Northern Cape


Sheep: 2

Yellow carcasses at abattoir

Chemical products ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 1.0 (1)

Western Cape


Dairy: 1

Amitraz toxicity - overdose, drastic fall in milk production.

Macro Nutritional Problems

Energy deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (3) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (3) 3.0 (6) 2.7 (7) 3.0 (6) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)





reported

Beef 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 2.6 (5) 3.0 (3) 1.0 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Gauteng


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1

Limpopo



North West


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3, Goat: 3




Beef: 3

Western Cape


Beef: 1

Energy, protein, phosphate deficiencies: Even indigenous breeds need a minimum basic supplement when animals

are kept in paddocks along the coastal areas. A complaint that a client was "dishonest" was received because

animals "fell apart" that were sold by him. Apparently these animals were probaly kept in a paddock

along the coastline with the bare minimum to survive on.


Beef: 1

Northern Cape


Sheep: 2

Protein deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (3) 3.0 (3) 3.0 (6) 2.8 (6) 2.7 (6) 1.0 (2)


reported

Beef 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 2.8 (4) 3.0 (2) 1.0 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Limpopo



North West


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Goat: 1


Beef: 3, Goat: 3



Western Cape


Beef: 1



Beef: 1

Phosphate deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.8 (4) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.7 (3) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape

Stutterheim, Stutterheim Veterinary Clinic

Beef: 3

Western Cape


Beef: 1

Calcium deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

Gauteng


Sheep: 1

North West


Beef: 2

Free State




Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 2

Micro Nutritional Problems

Iodine deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2

Copper deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1)

Limpopo


Beef: 3

Selenium deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

North West





Sheep: 2

Free State


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 3

Magnesium deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Western Cape


Dairy: 2

Iodine deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2

Vitamin A deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.7 (3) 2.5 (4) 3.0 (3)


reported

Beef 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2





Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Free State


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal



Vitamin B 1 deficiency ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 2

Multi-factorial Disease Conditions

Abortions ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (3) 2.1 (8) 2.8 (5) 2.2 (5)


reported

Beef 1.7 (3) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (6) 2.7 (3)

Dairy 3.0 (2) 2.3 (3)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 3



Gauteng


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Sheep: 1

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 1

Abort after fever run with Babesia


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 3


Beef: 3

Post-red water outbreak


Beef: 3

Late embryonic mortalities; maybe associated with severe heat earlier

Western Cape


Goat: 1

Neative for Brucella mellitensis


Sheep: 3


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3

Stillbirths ^



West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (3) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 1, Sheep: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 2

Abscesses ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.3 (3) 1.5 (2) 2.3 (3) 1.9 (7) 1.5

(11) 2.0 (5) 1.8 (5) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.8 (4) 1.3 (6) 2.0 (3)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (2)

Goat 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Gauteng


Sheep: 2

Corynebacterium abscesses


Goat: 1

Limpopo



Beef: 1


Beef: 3, Goat: 3

North West


Beef: 2


Sheep: 2

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis


Goat: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2, Goat: 3

Free State


Beef: 1, Goat: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Sheep: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1


Beef: 1, Sheep: 2


Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2, Goat: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Wounds caused by brown ear-ticks

Eastern Cape


Dairy: 2


Goat: 1


Sheep: 2, Goat: 2


Sheep: 2

Western Cape


Goat: 1

Abscesses in general ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (3) 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Gauteng


Beef: 1, Goat: 2

Free State


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 2

Bladder stones ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (3)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (2)

Free State


Sheep: 1


Beef: 1

Beefmaster bull




Sheep: 1

Blindness ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1

Bloat ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.3 (3)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Gauteng


Sheep: 1

North West


Beef: 1

Free State


Sheep: 1


Goat: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2, Dairy: 3

Eastern Cape




Goat: 1


Beef: 1

Frothy bloat

Western Cape


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 1


Beef: 1

Blood gut (sheep and goat) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


reported

Goat 1.0 (1)

Eastern Cape


Goat: 1

Blue udder ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2)


reported

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2)

Free State


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Sheep: 2

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1



Western Cape


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 1

Diarrhoea ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.3 (6) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.7 (7) 2.1 (9) 2.3 (3) 2.8 (5)


reported

Beef 2.3 (6) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.8 (6) 2.0 (6) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.8 (4)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Gauteng


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Limpopo


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Calves, suspect Rota virus infection


Beef: 3


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 3


Free State


Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 2




Dairy: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Angus calves, E. coli confirmed

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2, Goat: 2


Dairy: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3


Dairy: 3

Blood from calves under 3 days old almost invariably indicates a severe shortage of antibodies. Antibodies in small

calves are only obtained from good quality colostrum given within the first 6 hours of life !!!!!! Excellent water

quality is not only paramount to successful rearing of calves but it is also extremely important to the cause of

maintaining a healthy adult dairy herd. Recent tests have shown unacceptable levels of E. coli/Coliforms in the

drinking water on a number of farms!!


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 2

Epididymitis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Free State


Goat: 1


Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal



Sheep: 2

Eye Cancer ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.7 (3) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Dairy: 2

North West


Beef: 1

Free State


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3


Sheep: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2

Eye infections ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.4 (14) 1.5 (6) 2.4 (8) 2.8

(14) 2.5 (16) 2.6 (5) 2.6 (7)


reported

Beef 2.5 (6) 1.5 (2) 2.4 (8) 2.8

(11) 2.6 (7) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (3)

Dairy 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (3)

Sheep 2.4 (5) 1.3 (3) 3.0 (2) 2.5 (4) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4)



Mpumalanga


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2




Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Gauteng




Beef: 1

Moraxella

Sheep: 1


Sheep: 2

North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Dairy: 2


Beef: 3

Pink eye - severe outbreaks in emerging herds


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3






Beef: 2, Goat: 2


Beef: 2

Most likely a vitamin A deficiency

Sheep: 2, Goat: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2


Sheep: 3


Dairy: 3

Moraxella


Dairy: 2


Beef: 3

Western Cape


Beef: 3, Dairy: 3


Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3

Joint Ill ^



West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.3 (3)


reported

Beef 1.0 (3) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Free State


Sheep: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1


Sheep: 1


Beef: 2

Calves, Peddie, 2 cases

Lameness/Foot Problems ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.8 (4) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (6) 2.0 (5) 2.1 (7) 1.5 (2) 2.2 (6)


reported

Beef 2.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.8 (4) 2.0 (4) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (3)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Gauteng


Sheep: 3


Beef: 2

North West


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Sheep: 2


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Dairy: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3


Sheep: 3


Goat: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Eastern Cape


Goat: 1


Sheep: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 1

Foot rot


Beef: 2


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3

Marked escalation due to soiled environments in feeding areas and calving pens. Build-up of bacterial numbers is

very rapid where organic material is allowed to accumulate. Organic material prevents sterilisation by ultra violet

rays from the sun.This problem has surfaced mainly due to the fact that milk prices are unacceptably low and

farmers try to cut costs by extending the time between scraping /cleaning of the holding/feeding/calving areas.


Sheep: 2


Dairy: 3

Lung infection ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.7 (6) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 1.6 (9) 2.3 (7) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (2)


reported

Beef 1.8 (5) 1.7 (3) 1.3 (3) 2.3 (4)

Dairy 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1


Beef: 2, Sheep: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Gauteng


Sheep: 1

North West


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Sheep: 2

Free State


Dairy: 1


Beef: 1, Sheep: 2


Beef: 1



Sheep: 1




Sheep: 2

Sheep feedlots

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2, Goat: 2


Beef: 3

Calves in wet weather, dams not immunised

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1

Kareedouw, Tenax Vet Clinic

Dairy: 1

One, 1 week old calf died of pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated.

Western Cape


Sheep: 3


Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2


Dairy: 1

Northern Cape


Sheep: 2

Prieska area


Sheep: 2

Mastitis in general ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.3 (8) 1.8 (6) 2.2 (6)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (2)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 2.3 (4) 2.2 (6)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Dairy: 1

Gauteng


Centurion, Deltamune

Dairy: 3

Western and Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1

Limpopo


Dairy: 2

North West


Dairy: 1

Free State


Beef: 2


Dairy: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Dairy: 2

Eastern Cape


Dairy: 2


Beef: 1


Dairy: 3

High somatic cell counts due to hot weather and late lactations


Dairy: 2

Six chronic mastitis cases


Dairy: 2

E. coli, 3 cases, 2 cases in Boknes


Beef: 1

Western Cape


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 1

Marked escalation due to soiled environments in feeding areas and calving pens. Build-up of bacterial numbers is

very rapid where organic material is allowed to accumulate. Organic material prevents sterilisation by ultra violet

rays from the sun.This problem has surfaced mainly due to the fact that milk prices are unacceptably low and

farmers try to cut costs by extending the time between scraping /cleaning of the holding/feeding/calving areas.


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3

Navel Ill ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1

Trauma ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Gauteng


Goat: 2

Fractures

Limpopo


Beef: 1

Traumatic pericarditis

Free State




Sheep: 1


Beef: 2

Traumatic pericarditis

Downer ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

Gauteng


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 1


Dairy: 2


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Beef: 1

Western Cape


Beef: 2

Droogte


Dairy: 1

Other ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)




reported

Beef 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Gauteng


Beef: 2

Hernia

Kwazulu-Natal


Sheep: 1

Rumen stasis, too little roughage

Northern Cape


Sheep: 2

Liver necrosis - uknown cause

Metabolic Diseases

Acidosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.3 (3)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 2

North West


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 1

Feedlot


Dairy: 2

Acidosis has caused so many problems. It's course is very insidious by nature therefore inflicting huge losses by

the time the problem is identified. Often, due to the low milk prices, some farmers are forced to make use of low

quality roughage and to balance the ration, excessive concentrate is added thus contributing to the subclinical

acidosis !!



Dairy: 1

Displaced abomasum ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.3 (3)


reported

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.3 (3)

Free State


Dairy: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3

Ketosis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 2

Free State


Dairy: 1


Sheep: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 3, Sheep: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 2

Milk Fever ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape




Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


reported

Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Free State


Dairy: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 3


Dystocia (Difficult Births) ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.8 (9) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.1

(19) 1.9 (10) 1.3 (4) 1.4 (7)


reported

Beef 2.0 (6) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.1

(15) 1.7 (6) 1.3 (3) 1.7 (3)

Dairy 1.5 (2) 2.3 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (4)

Sheep 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1, Goat: 1


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1


Beef: 2


Sheep: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3

Gauteng


Sheep: 1

Limpopo


Beef: 2


North West


Beef: 3


Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Dairy: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

16 month old heifers grazing with bull calves just after they were weaned


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2, Dairy: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Eastern Cape


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Dairy: 1


Beef: 1

Western Cape


Beef: 2


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 1

Plettenberg Bay, Plettenberg Bay A Reitz

Beef: 2

Four cases of problem calvings - too large calves. Two out of 4 calves stillborn


Beef: 1


Dairy: 1

Endometritis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (2)


reported

Dairy 2.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (2)

Free State


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3



Dairy: 1

Western Cape


Dairy: 3


Dairy: 3

Metritis ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 2.3 (4) 2.0 (2) 2.7 (3)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Gauteng


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 3


Sheep: 1

Free State


Dairy: 1


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Eastern Cape


Sheep: 1


Dairy: 3

82 cases

Western Cape


Beef: 2


Dairy: 3



Dairy: 3

Poor conception ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.3 (4) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (9) 2.2 (6) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2)


reported

Beef 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.1 (7) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Dairy 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 1

North West


Beef: 3

Free State


Beef: 1


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 1


Beef: 3

Due to heat waves late embryonic deaths occurred

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 3


Beef: 3

Late rains


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape



Dairy: 3

Due to heat stress during December and January


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Beef: 3


Dairy: 3

Abortions and resorptions due to severe heat a month ago.

Retained afterbirth ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.4 (5) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1) 1.8 (4)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.8 (4)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2

Limpopo


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 2


Dairy: 1


Beef: 1


Goat: 1


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 3

Eastern Cape


Beef: 3

Western Cape


Dairy: 2



Dairy: 2


Dairy: 1


Dairy: 2

Sheath Prolaps ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


reported

Beef 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

North West


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2

Uterus prolaps ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 1.3 (4) 1.3 (3)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.3 (3) 1.5 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 1


Sheep: 1


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 1




Dairy: 1


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 1

Western Cape


Beef: 1


Dairy: 2


Dairy: 1

Vaginal (Cervical) prolaps ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.3 (3)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1

Gauteng


Beef: 2

North West


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2

Western Cape


Sheep: 1

Climatical Cause

Drought ^




West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (4)


reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 3

Some farms horribly affected. Fodder bank for winter problematic.

Sheep: 3

North West


Beef: 3

Grazing poor to nothing

Free State


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Very poor grazing due to lack of rain - prospects for winter poor.

Kwazulu-Natal

Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Consultancy

Beef: 3

Water levels of dams desperately low


Beef: 3

No rain

Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

Heat stress ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2)


reported

Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 2, Dairy: 3

North West


Dairy: 3


Beef: 3


Kwazulu-Natal


Dairy: 2

Eastern Cape


Dairy: 3

Western Cape


Beef: 3

Resorptions and abortions due to heat stress


Dairy: 3

Lightning ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.1 (7) 1.7 (3) 2.0

(12) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1)


reported

Beef 2.2 (5) 1.7 (3) 2.0

(11) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Sheep: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 3


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3

North West


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 2

Free State


Beef: 1


Beef: 3


Beef: 3



Beef: 3


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 1


Beef: 1


Beef: 2


Beef: 2, Sheep: 2


Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 2


Beef: 3

Eastern Cape


Beef: 1

Non specific diseases

Cause of death not established ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


reported

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Goat: 2

Neurological symptoms and lung edema- negative for heartwater

Preditors ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2)




reported

Beef 1.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (2)

Gauteng


Beef: 1

Dog bite wounds

Free State


Sheep: 3


Sheep: 3

Sabotation - Theft ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 2.8 (4)


reported

Beef 2.5 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (2)

Free State


Beef: 3, Sheep: 3


Beef: 2, Sheep: 3

Trauma ^


West

Free

State

Kwazulu-

Natal

Eastern

Cape

Western

Cape

Northern

Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (3)


reported

Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga


Beef: 1

Free State


Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal


Goat: 1



sprained fetlock


Beef: 1


Beef: 1

Traumatic pericarditis (wire)

Documents

Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally ... · Jan Kempdorp – Dr. Jan Brand Kathu – Dr. Jan Vorster Kimberley – Drs. Van Heerden and Swart Kimberley – Dr