Montgomery Boycott and Civil Rights MovementG Moore

Background to Boycott

Main Events of Boycott

Consequences of Boycott

Rosa Parks aged 90

Rosa died 2005

Lying in State

Funeral

Aretha Franklin at funeralTributes took 7 hours!!

Bernice King

Changes in High SchoolsSUPREME COURT RULING 1956 –

SCHOOL SEGREGATION UNCONSTITUTIONAL

ALL WHITE SCHOOLS HAD TO ACCEPT BLACK STUDENTS

MAJOR CLASH IN LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS

STATE GOVERNOR REFUSED TO ACCEPT INTEGRATED SCHOOLS

The Little Rock 9

9 BLACK STUDENTS TRIED TO ENTER LITTLE ROCK HIGH SCHOOL

VERBALLY ABUSED – THREATENED – SENT HOME FOR SAFETY

1100 FEDERAL TROOPS SENT TO PROTECT THE “LITTLE ROCK 9”

HAD TO BE PROTECTED FOR OVER A YEAR

Universities

SEGREGATED UNIVERSITIES NOT ALLOWEDUNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI THE FLASH

POINTJAMES MEREDITH REFUSED ENTRYNAACP WON RIGHT OF MEREDITH TO

ATTENDJFK SENT FEDERAL TROOPS TO PROTECT

HIMRIOTS – 2 DIED – HUNDREDS INJURED20K TROOPS TO KEEP THE PEACEUNIVERSITIES INTEGRATED VERY SLOWLY

The Sit-in ProtestsPROTESTS BEGAN IN NORTH CAROLINASTUDENTS LED THE PROTESTS4 BLACK STUDENTS SAT AT “WHITES-

ONLY” COUNTERBEGAN A “SIT-IN” PROTEST – SPREAD

TO OTHER PLACES - ATTACKEDSNCC THE MAIN PROTEST ORGANISERSOVER 50K YOUNG PEOPLE INVOLVED IN

PROTESTCAMPAIGN ALSO SUCCESSFUL

KKK attacks on Inter-state buses

Victim

Violence and intimidation

CIVIL RIGHTS MARCHES CAME UNDER ATTACK

WORST ATTACKS IN BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA

POLICE USED VERY EXTREME TACTICS4 YOUNG GIRLS KILLED IN CHURCH

BOMBING 1963 3 CIVIL RIGHTS WORKERS MURDERED IN

MISSISSIPPI 1964 KU KLUX KLAN INVOLVED IN ALL ATTACKS

Speech 5.40http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/ind

ex.php/encyclopedia/documentsentry/doc_eulogy_for_the_martyred_children/

Eulogy at funeralsAnd yet they died nobly and this

afternoon in a real sense they have something to say to each of us in their death. They have something to say to every minister of the gospel who has remained silent behind the safe security of stained-glass windows. They have something to say to every politician [Audience:] (Yeah) who has fed his constituents with the stale bread of hatred and the spoiled meat of racism.

MLK eulogyAnd so today, you do not walk alone.

You gave to this world wonderful children. [moans] They didn’t live long lives, but they lived meaningful lives. (Well) Their lives were distressingly small in quantity, but glowingly large in quality. (Yeah) And no greater tribute can be paid to you as parents, and no greater epitaph can come to them as children, than where they died and what they were doing when they died. (Yeah)

MLKThey did not die in the dives and

dens of Birmingham (Yeah, Well), nor did they die discussing and listening to filthy jokes. (Yeah) They died between the sacred walls of the church of God (Yeah, Yes), and they were discussing the eternal meaning (Yes) of love

This stands out as a beautiful, beautiful thing for all generations. (Yes) Shakespeare had Horatio to say some beautiful words as he stood over the dead body of Hamlet. And today, as I stand over the remains of these beautiful, darling girls, I paraphrase the words of Shakespeare: (Yeah, Well

: Good night, sweet princesses. Good night, those who symbolize a new day. (Yeah, Yes) And may the flight of angels (That’s right) take thee to thy eternal rest. God bless you.

Thomas BlantonJailed in May 2001

Mississippi car from swamp

Mississippi trialJailed but NOT for murder

Edgar Ray KillenFinally convicted in June 2001

Civil Rights ActSIGNED BY L.B. JOHNSONSEGREGATION FORBIDDEN IN

PUBLIC PLACESEQUAL EMPLOYMENT

COMMISSION FORMEDNO FUNDING FOR SEGREGATED

SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS etcGOAL – END ALL SEGREGATION

BASED ON RACE OR RELIGION 

Voting Rights ActMISSISSIPPI WORST STATE FOR VOTINGHUGE PROTESTS TOOK PLACEMLK ORGANISED FAMOUS MACH FROM

SELMA TO MONTGOMERYACT SIGNED BY LBJ IN 1965OUTLAWED LITERACY TESTS AND POLL

TAXCITIZENSHIP ONLY REQUIREMENT TO

VOTEHUGE INCREASE IN # BLACK VOTERS IN

SOUTH

Other Black ProtestorsBEGAN IN EARLY 1960’s WITH MALCOLM XHE BECAME LEADER OF NATION OF ISLAMHE URGED BLACK PEOPLE TO FIGHT BACKOTHER NEW ORGANISATIONS ALSO

CREATEDMOST FAMOUS WAS THE BLACK PANTHERSSLOGAN WAS “BLACK POWER” – YOUNG

URBAN BLACK SUPPORTERSBECAME VERY MILITANT AND

CONTOVERSIAL

ConclusionCIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT DID

SUCCEED MANY BLACK PEOPLE WENT ON TO

GREAT SUCCESSLARGE NUMBER OF BLACK

POLITICIANS ELECTEDBUT BY 1989 – ONE-THIRD BLACK

FAMILIES IN POVERTYBLACK UNEMPLOYMENT OVER

TWICE THAT OF WHITES

Conclusion

YOUNG BLACK UNEMPLOYMENT AT 30-40%

BLACK LIFE EXPECTANCY 10 YEARS LOWER THAN WHITES

HUGE PROBLEMS OF CRIME AND DRUG ABUSE IN BLACK AREAS

WASHINTON DC – 42% YOUNG BLACK MEN IN JAIL/PROBATION/PAROLE