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Monsanto Fellows Climate Change Panel Report Edoardo Feri 23 June 2010 Monsanto Fellows Climate Change Panel

Monsanto Fellows Climate Change Panel Report - OECD.org · Monsanto Turns to its Fellows to Answer Inquiry from the Board • Inquiry from Science & Technology Committee of the Board

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Monsanto Fellows Climate Change Panel Report

Edoardo Feri23 June 2010

MonsantoFellows ClimateChange Panel

Outline

• Background and rationale

• Monsanto Fellows Climate Change Panel

• Methodology

• Findings

• Recommendations

• Monsanto actions following the report

Monsanto Turns to its Fellows to Answer Inquiry from the Board

• Inquiry from Science & Technology Committee of the Board

• Technology Organization was asked how well Monsanto is positioned relative to challenges and opportunities presented by climate change

• Including potential economic, regulatory, and environmental impacts

• General call for volunteers issued to the Monsanto Fellows

• More than 20 responded and became engaged in process

• “Monsanto Fellows Climate Change Panel” formed in December 2006

• Organized into six themes

• External consultants sought and involved

• Climate Change symposium held (2 March 2007)

• Review of  the six theme‐team reports (3 May 2007)

• Report to Science & Technology Committee (14 June 2007)

About the Monsanto Fellow Program

• First established in 1948, re‐launched in November 2001

• Intended to recognize, utilize, and develop Monsanto scientists and their scientific leadership skills 

• Rigorous nomination process

• Oral reviews every three years

• Includes one Nobel Prize winner (Chemistry, 2001), Dr. William Knowles, a retired Distinguished Fellow, for his work in chiral synthesis

• Current roster• Associate Fellow (31)

• Fellow (32)

• Senior Fellow (19)

• Distinguished Fellow (3)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Chiral Synthetis Asymmetric synthesis, also called chiral synthesis, enantioselective synthesis or stereoselective synthesis, is organic synthesis that introduces one or more new and desired elements of chirality.[1][2] This is important in the field of pharmaceuticals because the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity

Panel Concluded that Temperatures areIncreasing

• All temperature measures agree surface warming is underway

• Unanimous corroborative data (glaciers, migration dates, etc.)

• Unprecedented rate of warming began in late 1960’s, linked by modeling to man‐made causes

Complete summertime melt of Arctic ice cap now imminent

US Climate Change Science Program Report (27 May 2008)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Migration dates

GHG Concentrations Linked to World Population Growth and Affluence

Fastest growth occurred in 1962 (doubling time of 32 years)

Hansen target

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Le sue ricerche lo portano ad affermare che per mantenere un equilibrio climatico che consenta lo sviluppo delle attività umane, la concentrazione di CO2 in atmosfera non deve superare le 350 parti per milione (oggi siamo già a 387), un target durissimo anche rispetto alle trattative negoziali verso Copenhagen. ���

CO2 Levels Still Accelerating

Trend reaches 556 ppm(twice pre‐industrial value)within 54 years (2063)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Annual Cyvle

GHG Forcing, Significance

source: NOAA GHG Inventory (2008)

Direct forcing only, minor GHG gases not shown (CFC’s etc.)

This amount of addedradiational forcing already

equates to a nearly 2% increaseof absorbed solar radiation.  That’slike moving the earth a million milescloser to the sun.  Natural changesin solar intensity (due to sunspot

activity, etc.) are on theorder of 0.1%.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Nitrous Oxide Methane

Global Warming Predicted to be Non‐Uniform 

∆Precip

∆T ⁰C

• Warming predicted to occur mainly …

• over land areas rather than over the oceans

• near the poles rather than in the tropics

• at night rather than during mid‐day

• in winters rather than in summers

• Precipitation changes less certain, but …

• overall increase certain, especially near the poles

Impacts of Further Warming

based on: IPCC (2007) and current warming trend

Water

Eco-systems

Food

Coasts

Health

0°F 2°F 4°F 6°F 8°F 10°F

2008 2028 2043 2055 2066 2076

increased water availability in moist tropics and high latitudesdecreasing water availability and increasing drought in mid-latitudes and semi-air low latitudeshundreds of millions of people exposed to increased water stress

up to 30% species at extinction risk >40% species extinctionsincreased coral bleaching – most corals bleached – widespread coral mortalityincreasing species range shifts and wildfires – terrestrial biosphere becomes net carbon source

complex, localized negative impacts on small holders, subsistence farmers and fisherscereal productivity decreases in low latitudes

cereal productivity increases at mid- to high-latitudes – some productivity reversals

increasing damage from floods and storms30% of coastal wetlands lost

millions experience coastal flooding each year

increasing burden from malnutrition, diarrheal, cardio-respiratory, and infectious diseasesincreasing morbidity and mortality from heat waves, floods, and droughtschanging distribution of some disease vectors – substantial burden on health services

Presenter
Presentation Notes
High latitudes mid semi –air low latitudes Degree fahrenheit Coral bleaching Net carbon source Coastal wetlands

Monsanto’s Sustainable Yield Initiative

Help corn, soy & cotton farmers double yields by2030 (vs. 2000)

Reduce use of energy, water, & other inputs by 1/3 per unit of output

Farmers of all sizes become more productive, including >5M people in resource‐poor farm families

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Unit of output

Doubling Crop Yields by 2030 would Avoid Substantial GHG Emissions

,500 

1,000 

1,500 

2,000 

2,500 

3,000 

3,500 

USA CAN MEX ARG BRZ PRC IND ROW

Millions Ton

s CO

2 eq

Corn

Cotton

Soybeans

Wheat

Three Crops

Four Crops

• Estimates derived by Monsanto using methods like those recently published by Burney et al.†

• Global GHG emissions reduced by >10 billion tons CO2e

• US would attain about a 2 billion ton CO2e reduction

PRC

IND

BRZ

ARG

USA

MEX

CAN

† Burney JA, Davis SJ, Lobell DB, “Greenhouse Gas Mitigation by Agricultural Intensification,” PNAS Early Edition (2010). http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/06/14/0914216107

ROW = Rest of World

Solar‐Powered Crop Protection

• Crop chemical production is responsible for the majority of GHG emissions by ag technology providers

• Bt‐crops decrease number of insecticide sprays

• Reduce “latent” GHG content of insecticide production

• Reduce fuel use associated with spraying operations

• Ag biotech uses solar energy to power crop protection

New Ag Technologies are Key to the Global Response to Climate Change• Need to produce more food, feed, fiber, and fuel, and in more sustainable ways

• New technologies will enable the following positive impacts to continue:

• Yield (reduce land requirements)

• Efficiency (yield/emissions)

• Direct GHG sequestration

• Advanced breeding

• Stress mitigation

Drought tolerance traits:Pursued in Corn, Soy and Cotton

Potential reduction of irrigation by 10% (corn) to 20% (cotton)

Would reduce diesel usage, thus decreasing CO2 emissions

Added benefit:With our drought tolerance focus, we are increasing the quantity of performance tests conducted in stressed environments

Stress Tolerance Traits 

Efficient use of resources, enhanced adaptive ability

Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA)

THE PARTNERS• African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) is leading 

the project

• Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Howard Buffet Foundation

• CIMMYT and Monsanto will bring best in global maize germplasm, testing and breeding methods, and biotechnology

• National Ag.  Research System (NARS) participation is a crucial part of testing products and bringing WEMA to Sub‐Saharan African farmers

• Countries: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa

THE TECHNOLOGY• Best global germplasm to combine new sources of drought tolerance

and African adaptation

• More rapid gains in conventional drought tolerance through molecular breeding

• Additional drought tolerance obtained through state‐of‐the‐art biotechnology

DEDICATED TO DELIVERING WEMA

Recorded droughts between 1971 and 2000, and the number of people affected

Concluding “Climate” Predictions

• Geo‐political climate and economic constraints will continue to hamper GHG reduction efforts

• China, US, Russia, India …

• Cheap, abundant coal

• Ag will continue to be forced to adapt to ever more challenging environmental stresses

• Real reductions in ag GHG emissions will only be possible with breakthrough technologies

• New discoveries and new practices essential