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Monitoring, Reporting and Reducing Air Emissions from Marine Operations
Till Stoeckenius, ENVIRON Int. Corp.
GreenTech 2014
10-12 June St. John, NB
Overview
• Air quality impacts of marine port operations
• Reducing Emissions • Developing Emission Inventories for
Marine Ports • Ocean-Going Vessel Emissions Calculators • Voyage Planning Tools
Air Quality Impacts of Marine Port Operations
Port Air Emission Sources
• Ocean-going vessels
• Harbor craft
• Cargo handling equipment
• Trucks
• Locomotives
• Other – construction, materials handling, etc.
Pollutants
Pollutant Impact
Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) • Local health impact • Contributes to regional fine
PM loading
Nitrogen Oxides • Regional O3 and secondary PM formation
Sulfur Oxides • Local health impact • Secondary PM (sulfate)
formation
Other (CO, VOC, other PM, other toxics) • Less important for diesel combustion sources
Port Emission Inventories
Emissions: Port of Oakland
2005
2012
Emissions: Port of Oakland
Emissions: Port of Oakland
2005 Inventory
Oceangoing Vessel Emission Tools
Basic Emission Calculations: OGV
• Activities (Time in mode) – Cruise
– Reduced speed
– Maneuvering
– Berthing (hoteling)
• Engines – Propulsion
• Diesel electric
• Direct drive
– Auxiliary
– Boilers
• Emissions – Q (g/hr) = Engine Power Demanded (kW) x Emission Factor
(g/kW-hr)
– Q (g/nm) = Q (g/hr) / Vessel Speed (knots)
– Emission factors: Published values by engine category, technology and fuel type/sulfur content
– Engine Power Demand (by mode, ship specific) • Propulsion engine speed – load curve
• Auxiliary load
Emission Calculators
• Port vessel call emissions calculator
• Vessel speed reduction benefits analyzer
• Voyage Emissions Calculator
Port Vessel Call Emissions Calculator
• Tool for compiling annual emissions summary report for vessel calls
• Inputs – Vessel call data from port or Marine Exchange
(name/number, arrival/departure times) – Engine data by ship (IHS Sea-web) – Modal data
• Time in mode by vessel class • Engine loads by mode • Shore power usage
– Fuel parameters – Emission factor database
• Easy annual updates based on vessel call data
Vessel Speed Reduction Program Benefits Analyzer
• Vessel emissions vary by speed – Propulsion engine
g/nm proportional to (speed)2
– Aux. engine g/nm proportional to (1/speed)
– Direct drive propulsion engines less efficient at very low loads
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
NO
x Em
issi
ons
(gra
ms/
naut
ical
mile
)
Speed (knots)
Boiler
Auxiliary
Propulsion
Vessel Speed Reduction Program Benefits Analyzer
• Evaluate and track benefits of voluntary VSR program
• Potential VSR benefits vary by vessel type and program design
• Emissions calculation based on average speed is inaccurate
• Access database program – Track all calls by vessel type
– Calculate total vessel call emissions by speed (mode)
– Calculate actual VSR program benefit
ENVIRON: Concept and Emissions Calculations Marshall GIS: Software Development
Voyage Emissions Calculator
Drivers
International and National
MARPOL Annex VI
North America Emission Control Area
California Regulations
REGULATION
Sustainability Goals and Customer Green Cargo Requirements
SUSTAINABILITY
Fuel Costs Fines and Penalties
PROFIT
Emissions Calculator
Measure – Model – Evaluate
EMISSIONS Standard Scenario
EMISSIONS Alternative Scenario
COMPARE
• Fuel consumption • Fuel sulfur content • Operating parameters
Standard Scenario
• Fuel consumption • Fuel sulfur content • Operating parameters
Alternative Scenario (by voyage segment)
VOYAGE DATA BY SEGMENT
Interactive GIS-Based Emissions Calculations
Voyage Data
Port A
Port B
Port C
Waypoint 1
Waypoint 2
Waypoint 3
Waypoint 4
Waypoint 6 Waypoint 5
By segment: • fuel type • Scrubber on or off • avg. speed • distance
Course change with no waypoint
Waypoint with no course change
Identify Segment
Data by Segment
• Speed • Fuel • Scrubber status
Identify Port
Victoria, BC
Calculate and Compare
Questions?