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Monitoring methods of Large Carnivores
in Greece
(Yorgos Mertzanis, PhD biologist – NGO Callisto)
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE CARNIVORES
Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017
Three +1 large carnivore species in Greece.
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) status- Greece .
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
Part of the Dinara Pindos & Eastern Balkan populations
475-500 ind (Pilidis, 2015)
22,000 km2 range
Totally protected
“endangered” (Red data
Book) Recolonization of former
range
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) status- Greece .
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
Part of the Dinara Pindos & Eastern Balkan populations
>1,000 ind (Iliopoulos 2016)
62,000 km2 range
(Iliopoulos 2016)
Protected-priority species under 39o parallel
“vulnerable” (Red data Book)
Recolonization of former
range
Golden jackal (Canis aureus) status- Greece
.
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
< 1,000 ind (Giannatos 2004)
<5,000 km2 range
protected
“endangered” (Red data Book)
Recession of former range
due to human persecussion and forest fires
Balkan Lynx (Lynx lynx balkanica) status- Greece
.
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
Population: unknown (Kominos 2016)
N.Pindos - Rodopi
Strictly protected
“critically endangered” (Red data Book 2009)
? ?
LC Monitoring techniques in Greece.
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
BEAR: A. Distribution range size and trends
• Systematic records of bio-signs
• FWCOY spring surveys
• Confirmed attacks on livestock-
beehives and cultivations (yearly
official data from ΕΛΓΑ, 2013).
• Questionnaire surveys
• Camera traps
13,500 km2 (permanent range) – 22,000km2 total
BEAR: B. Population levels and trends
• Systematic records of bio-signs
• FWCOY spring surveys
• Genetic fingerprinting
N.Pindos-Gramos: ~97-150 (Tsaparis et al 2014),
Rodopi:~ 92 ind.(Pilidis 2015)
Total: 475-500 ind.(Pilidis 2015).
• Human-caused mortality records
• Camera traps
BEAR: C. Home range and spatial activity – social interactions
• Telemetry
(65 tagged ind.)
• Genetic fingerprinting
(capture-recapture)
Home range size Average HR (MCP100) for M ~271 km2 Average HR (MCP100) for F ~118km2 (Giannakopoulos et al. 2015)
Habitat connectivity – gene flow
Habitat use Monitoring of problem bears.
BEAR: C1. Telemetry: Monitoring of Problem bears – bears vs human
related food.
• 2 cases of FWCO
denning next to villages
• Bears attracted by
human related food
resources
Aversive conditioning (deterring means-relocation)
Setup a Bear Emergency protocol and team
Management of garbage dumps, etc.
(Riegler 2012)
• Confirmed attacks to livestock- 2013
per municipality (ΕΛΓΑ, 2013).
• Occupancy models to predict
presence
• Closed season- three summer months
• Royle- Nichols – closed one season
occupancy models
(Iliopoulos et al. 2016)
WOLF: A. Distribution range size/ Complete census: ΟCCUPANCY
MODELS from large scale presence data (livestock damage records)
WOLF: Β. Territory size: Based on, a) Pack spacing b) direct territory size
estimations (Iliopoulos et al. 2016)
Interviews with locals-
breeding sites confirmed
Howling sessions :
Pack spacing and
counting.
Camera traps (pups of the year)
Wolf telemetry
Territory size:
Β.2 Average pack size
Camera trapping
(>30 days- winter
data)
Snowtracking
Minimum pack size
ν= 26 / 5.4 ± 0.6
individuals/pack
(95%C.I)
(Iliopoulos et al. 2016)
Distribution occupancy Canis lupus (2013): Psi>0.5 ~64000km2
Number of packs estimated: 189 (95% C.I, 162-227) Population estimation: 1020 (95% C.I, 875-1362) Density: 1.4-2.1 ind./100km2
(Iliopoulos et al. 2016)
JACKAL: Distribution range size and population estimation
(2004 & 2010) (Giannatos 2004-WWF Greece, Migli, Petridou 2010 – WWF Greece/Callisto)
• Questionnaires – interviews –
information gathering.
• Acoustic stimulation sessions/
call-ins
• Transect counts with spotlights
(depending on terrain and
vegetation coverage
• Telemetry
Balkan LYNX : Intensive surveys for presence detection
(1991- 2015 and continued) (Kominos, Panagiotopoulou – Kominos, Galanaki)
• Questionnaires – interviews –
information gathering.
• Testimonies records
• Camera traps network
Reliability categories (based on SCALP classification): Category 1 (C1): “Hard facts” verified and unchallenged observations such as dead Lynx and clear photos of Lynx. Category 2 (C2): Observations controlled and confirmed by a specialist, such as killed livestock or wild prey, and Lynx tracks or other field signs. Category 3 (C3): Unconfirmed observations of the category 2 (kills, tracks,other field signs too old or badly documented) and all observations such asdirect observations and calls which by their nature cannot be verified.
Balkan LYNX : Intensive surveys for presence detection
(1991- 2015 ongoing) (Kominos, Panagiotopoulou – Kominos, Galanaki)
Category 1 (C1): Red dots “hard evidence” Category 2 (C2): Green dots “2nd hand confirmed information” Category 3 (C3): Yellow dots “2nd hand uncnfirmed” (n=178) Kominos,Galanaki 2016.
2.9 Conclusions 2014 2006
2.9.1 a) Range Assessment FV-Favourable FV-Favourable
2.9.1 b) Range Trend
2.9.2 a) Population Assessment FV-Favourable FV-Favourable
2.9.2 b) Population Trend
2.9.3 a) Habitat for the species Assessment
U1 U1
2.9.3 b) Habitat for the species Trend + improving + improving
2.9.4 a) Future prospects Assessment U1 FV-Favourable
2.9.4 b) Future prospects Trend + improving
2.9.5 Overall assessment of Conservation Status
U1 U1
2.9.6 Overall trend in Conservation Status
+ improving + improving
Iliopoulos et al, 2015
LC’s monitoring in Greece
(context & funding)
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
LIFE projects (1994-95, 1997-99, 2000-02, 2009-13, 2011-2015, 2016-2020) EU Member States 6 year reporting (HD 92/43, art.17) (2000-06, 2007-13) Monitoring in Protected areas (National Parks)
Other regional scale Monitoring projects: i.e. related to large scale transportation infrastructure (via Egnatia). Who?: NGO,s, Universities, Research Institutes, Protected Areas Management bodies and scientific staff.
BEARCONNECT: 1st project workshop, Bucharest, 20-22 March 2017
Current bear monitoring activities-Peristeri Mt. Range
Pindus Mt. range area of Florina
LIFE AMYBEAR – LIFE 15NAT/GR/001108 (2017 – 2020)
Improvement of Ursus arctos* global conservation status by achieving a
sustainable management of human-bear co-existence through minimization
of bear-human negative interference
Maintain human caused bear mortality at a sustainable level not exceeding
6% of the minimum estimated population
Maintain the number of the yearly reproductive females at no less than 10-
12% of the minimum estimated population
Improvement of the tolerance level of specific target groups regarding their
coexistence with the targeted species
Improvement of the awareness level on the added values of the targeted
species in relation to the attractiveness of the area targeted by the project
Sound acquisition of know-how by the personnel of local competent
authorities on specific & concrete management techniques
Coordinating Beneficiary: Lever Development Consultants SA Associated Beneficiary(ies): Municipality of Amyndeo
CALLISTO Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia
LC’s monitoring in Greece
(conclusions)
Regional Workshop of the
EU PLATFORM ON COEXISTENCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE
CARNIVORES -(Bucharest, Romania, 8-10th June, 2017)
Combined application of different standardized methods
Systematic and intensive at sectorial level for reliable extrapolations
Repetition time patterns (depending on species) for better analysis of trends Emphasis on specific aspects: i.e. regional scale Monitoring
related to large scale transportation infrastructure .