47
Polypodiales Cyatheales Psilotales Salviniales Schizaeales Glecheniales Hymenophyllales Osmundales Marattiales Equisetales Ophyoglossales Lycopodiidae crvotočine Spermatophyta sjemenjače središnje tankostjene paprati tankostjene paprati ( Leptosporangiatae) Psilotidae Marattiidae Equisetidae debelostjene paprati Eusporangiatae Monilophyta ljuskavi listovi sporangiji s drškom anulus, sorusi člankovita građa stabljike cjeloviti anulus sporangiofor elatere (haptere) Polypodiidae megafili sifonostela + eustela eustela cp DNA inverzija heterosporija Sistematska botanika 238-261 Praktikum 36-47

Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

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Page 1: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Poly

podi

ales

Cya

thea

les

Psilo

tale

s

Salv

inia

les

Schi

zaea

les

Gle

chen

iale

s

Hym

enop

hylla

les

Osm

unda

les

Mar

attia

les

Equi

seta

les

Oph

yogl

ossa

les

Lycopodiidaecrvotočine

Spermatophytasjemenjače

središnje tankostjene paprati

tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)

Psilotidae

Mar

attii

dae

Equi

setid

ae

debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae

Monilophyta

ljuskavi listovi

sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi

člankovitagrađa stabljike

cjeloviti anulus

sporangiofor

elatere(haptere)

Polypodiidae

megafilisifonostela + eustela

eustela

cp DNA inverzija

heterosporija

Sistematska botanika 238-261Praktikum 36-47

Page 2: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

maleni broj predstavnikaneobične građa

fertilni diolista

asimilacijski diolista (bez palisadnogparenhima

terminalnisporangiji(strobilus)debelostijenisporangiji

Ophioglosum vulgatumBotrychium matricarifolium

Red: Ophioglossales (ca. 80 vrsta)

paprati debelostjenih sporangija!

O. reticulatum (n=720) HR: Ophioglossum 3 vrste, Botrychium 2 vrste

Page 3: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Poly

podi

ales

Cya

thea

les

Psilo

tale

s

Salv

inia

les

Schi

zaea

les

Gle

chen

iale

s

Hym

enop

hylla

les

Osm

unda

les

Mar

attia

les

Equi

seta

les

Oph

yogl

ossa

les

Lycopodiidaecrvotočine

Spermatophytasjemenjače

središnje tankostjene paprati

tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)

Psilotidae

Mar

attii

dae

Equi

setid

ae

debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae

Monilophyta

ljuskavi listovi

sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi

člankovita građa stabljike

cjeloviti anulus

sporangiofor

elatere(haptere)

Polypodiidae

megafilisifonostela

eustela

cp DNA inverzija

heterosporija

Page 4: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Preslice(Equisetum)

E. arvenseE. telmateiaE. sylvaticumE. pratense

E. palustreE. fluviatileE. ramosissimumE. hyemale - ugrožena (VU – osjetljiva)

E.variegatum

Red: Equisetales (15 vrsta)

Page 5: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Tiaminaza – enzim koji razgrađujevitamin B1

Page 6: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Karinalni kanalLisigena šupljina

Valekularni kanal

Provodna žila

Epiderma

Kora

Page 7: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

strobilus

nodij

skraćeniinternodiji

sporofilsporangij

uzdužnapukotinadržak

izosporedvoslojna stjenkadržak

Page 8: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

vlaga

haptere

suša

Page 9: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 10: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

red CalamitesIli kalamiti

Page 11: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- razvojdebelostijenogsporangija

- razvoj tankostijenogsporangija

Page 12: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Poly

podi

ales

Cya

thea

les

Psilo

tale

s

Salv

inia

les

Schi

zaea

les

Gle

chen

iale

s

Hym

enop

hylla

les

Osm

unda

les

Mar

attia

les

Equi

seta

les

Oph

yogl

ossa

les

Lycopodiidaecrvotočine

Spermatophytasjemenjače

središnje tankostjene paprati

tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)

Psilotidae

Mar

attii

dae

Equi

setid

ae

debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae

Monilophyta

ljuskavi listovi

sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi

cjeloviti anulus

sporangiofor

haptere

Polypodiidae

megafilisifonostela

eustela

cp DNA inverzija

heterosporija

Page 13: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- 10500 vrsta, 35 porodica i 320 rodova

- kopnene izosporne (Polypodiales)- HR: 60-ak vrsta

- listovi megafili (obično perasto razdjeljeni), većinom sporotrofofili

- vodene heterosporne (Salviniales)- HR: 6 vrsta

- sifonostela

Page 14: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- stabljika kratka u obliku rizoma (proizvodi nove listove megafile svake godine)

- korijenje adventivno nastaje iz stabljike pri bazi listova- u mladosti zavojita vernacija lista

Red Polypodiales

Rachis = os plojke

sporotrofofil

Page 15: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- gametofiti nadzemni

Page 16: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 17: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 18: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 19: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- tankostjeni sporangiji skupljeni u soruse na donjoj strani lista

Page 20: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- kopneni obliciizosporna izmjena generacija

- vodeni oblici hetersporna izmjenageneracija

Page 21: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Asaplenium trichomanes ‘ - smeđa slezenica

Asplenium ruta-muraria – zidna slezenica

Dryopteris filix-mas – muška paprat

- ženska paprat

Page 22: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Gymnocarpium Dryopteris –glatka paprat

Adiantum capillus-veneris – gospin vlasak

Ceterach officinarum - zlatnjak

Polypodium vulgare - oslad

Page 23: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Polystichum aculeatum- bodljikava paprat

Blechnum spicant - rebrača

Phylitis scolopendrium - jelenak

Pteridium aquilinum - bujad

Page 24: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

indol

Page 25: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Poly

podi

ales

Cya

thea

les

Psilo

tale

s

Salv

inia

les

Schi

zaea

les

Gle

chen

iale

s

Hym

enop

hylla

les

Osm

unda

les

Mar

attia

les

Equi

seta

les

Oph

yogl

ossa

les

Lycopodiidaecrvotočine

Spermatophytasjemenjače

središnje tankostjene paprati

tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)

Psilotidae

Mar

attii

dae

Equi

setid

ae

debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae

Monilophyta

ljuskavi listovi

sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi

cjeloviti anulus

sporangiofor

haptere

Polypodiidae

megafilisifonostela

eustela

cp DNA inverzija

heterosporija

Page 26: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

porodica: Marsileaceae (

Marsilea quadrifolia

j

adventivno korijenje

Red Salviniales

Page 27: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 28: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- unutar mikrospore se razvijaju dva anteridija s većim brojem spermatozoida- unutar megaspore se razvija samo jedan arhegonij

Page 29: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

porodica: SalviniaceaeSalvinia natans - nepačka

Barthlott et al. 2010. The Salvinia Paradox. Advanced Materials 22 (21) 2325–2328.

Page 30: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

- unutar mikrospore se razvijaju dva anteridija svaki s dva spermatozoida- unutar megaspore se razvija nekoliko arhegonija

Page 31: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 32: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Azolla fluviatilis

Page 33: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 34: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Anabena azolle – modrozelena alga

Page 35: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Nitrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3). This vital process along with nitrification (formation of nitrites and nitrates) and ammonification (formation of ammonia from protein decay) make nitrogen available to autotrophic plants and ultimately to all members of the ecosystem. Although Azolla can absorb nitrates from the water, it can also absorb ammonia secreted by Anabaena within the leaf cavities.

Recent studies have shown that the actual site of nitrogen fixation occurs within the thick-walled heterocysts. As the heterocyst matures, the photosynthetic membranes (thylakoid membranes) become contorted or reticulate compared to regular photosynthetic cells of Anabaena, and they become non-photosynthetic (and do not produce oxygen). This fact is especially noteworthy because nitrogen fixation requires the essential enzyme nitrogenase, and the activity of nitrogenase isgreatly inhibited by the presence of oxygen.

Page 36: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 37: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 38: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 39: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 40: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 41: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 42: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 43: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 44: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Pilularia minuta Durieu – sitna loptarka (Marsileaceae) CR kritično ugrožena

Page 45: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 46: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH
Page 47: Monilophyta - unizg.hrN itrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH

Salvinia molesta

Cyrtobagous salviniae