Mongolia: Area and Culture 3 (421), 2015

7/25/2019 Mongolia: Area and Culture 3 (421), 2015

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Kdnrfis Lnwjio,Ieirutis Prmgissmr,Yoavirsaty mg Fmojmo, YCJ.Zueurtmhmm,Aotirontamonf Nssmkantamo gmrEmohmf [tujais

Kdrastmpdir Ntwmmj,Aojanon YoavirsatyNhoisd Lartnfno Mtvmsd Fmrnoj Yoavirsaty mgLujnpist, Duohnry

Cfnus Cmppi,Yoavirsaty mg Fiapzah[d.Kdmaenn,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg Emohmfan[.Jufne, Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg EmohmfanF.Lmfj,Emohmfano Nknjiey mg [kaiokiP.Jifhirbnrhnf,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg

EmohmfanFa Onrnohmn,Nustrnfano Ontamonf Yoavirsaty

C.Mcnjn, Zmcym Yoavirsaty mg Gmriaho [tujaisJ.Mthmotsitsih,Dnocuc Yoavirsaty mgGmriaho [tujais, [mutd CmrinJ.Lue-Mkdar,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mgEmohmfanY.Irjioilnt,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mgEmohmfanE.Lnynrsnacdno,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg

EmohmfanJ.Lnynrsnacdno, Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg

EmohmfanBno \mhnfn, Yoavirsaty mg Xnrsnw

Nfion Mlirgnfzirmvn,Cnrf Yoavirsaty mgPrndnKd.Lmfjlnntnr,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mgEmohmfanB.Hiriflnjrncd,Emohmfano [tnti Yoavirsatymg IjukntamoQu.Lmfjlnntnr,Emohmfano Yoavirsaty mg[kaioki noj Zikdomfmhy

Rmractuiv Lufnt \njonivakd,Aostatuti gmrEmohmfano, Lujjdast noj Zalitno [tujais,\ussanLnynreioju,Aooir Emohmfano Yoavirsaty,Kdaon

Nfakan Knepa,Emohmfan [mkaity, Y[NEmoacn Kdnritti, Yoavirsaty mg Fmojmo[.Lnahnfsnadno,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg

EmohmfanAois [tmfpi,Yoavirsaty mg LmooO.Bnotsnoomrmv,Ontamonf Yoamo mg EmohmfanoEusak KmepmsatmrsBno-Mfmg [vnotissmo,Fuoj YoavirsatyCae Ca-[uo,Dnocuc Yoavirsaty mg Gmriaho[tujais, [mutd Cmrin

Pitir C.Enrkd,Knfagmroan [tnti Yoavirsaty,Inst Lny, Y[NIfasnlittn \nhnhoao, Yoavirsaty mg HmttaohioEnran Cntdnraon Fnoh,Nustrano Nknjiey mg[kaiokis[dnrnj [moa,Bnwndnrfnf Oidru Yoavirsaty,Oiw JifdaCmakda Entsujn, Msncn AotirontamonfYoavirsaty, BnpnoZncnsda Entsucnwn, Mtnoa Yoavirsaty

M.Lntsnacdno,Emohmfano Nknjiey mg [kaiokiO.Nftnotsitsih,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mgEmohmfanDusif Lmrbahao, [dmwn Xmeno's Yoavirsaty,

Bnpno

Praotij ly OYE Priss Pulfasdaoh

EMOHMFAN2 N\IN NOJ KYFZY\I [ZYJAI[

IJAZM\ AO KDAIG

LNZ-A\IIJYA Bnotsno,Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg Emohmfan, AE[

LMMC \IWAIX IJAZM\

Qu. Euocd-Nehnfno,Jnocmmc Yoavirsaty, Cmrin

. [nruuf-Irjioi,Ontamonf Gmriaho Nggnars Zrnaoaoh Kiotir, Y[N

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ONZAMONF YOAWI\[AZQ MG EMOHMFAN

Zme ; : 8>:

ZDI PIKYFAN\AZQ MG KMOKIPZ "ZAEI" AO EMOHMFANO KMHOAZAMO

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(- )

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(kmokipt,. mokiptus-) . , . . , . ,

, (.,., , 8>). , , , , . , , , , . , , , ,

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> , . >17> , >14> . < ; . .

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Zdi nrtakfi aotrmjukis tdi kmokipt taei ao Emohmfano eaoj noj tdmuhdt tdrmuhdmut tdirisinrkd grme tdi jaggiriot caojs mg nspikts sukd ns pdafmsmpdy, syelmfase, kdrmomfmhy,trnjatamonf eitdmj tm uojirstnoj tdi taei noj ats kustme.Emohmfano uojirstnojaoh mg taei

lmuojs up kufturnf lidnvamr, omenjak kufturi, kfaentak kmojatamos, himhrnpdy noj aojavajunfajimfmhy.Fnohunhi noj kmhoatamo eutunffy aouioki moi nomtdir noj nri lmtd ielijjij aoixpiraiokis noj iovarmoeiots mg ats usirs. Zdus pnrtakufnr nttiotamo as pnaj tm enoagist Emo-hmfano wny mg tdaocaoh taei usaoh eitdmjs mg kmhoatavi faohuastaks. Gurtdiremri, wi dnvinjjrissij omt mofy rifntamosdap litwiio fnohunhi noj kmhoatamo lut nfsm tm rivinf kmokipttaei noj ats grneis tdrmuhdmut eitnpdmrs, prmvirls, ajames noj mtdir fnohunhi nspikt aoEmohmfano fatirnturi. Ao mur guturi risinrkd wi aotioj tm kmokiotrnti mo dmw Emohmfanosix-

priss kmokipt mg taei lmtd ao ixpiraiokis noj fnohunhi liknusi tdmuhdt mg dueno-liaohsas nfwnysnftirnlfi.


15/232

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ENOOI\ AO EM\AO DYY\

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S>:U. . S>9U , , . . . , // . , , . . ,


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NL[Z\NKZ

Zdas omvif onrrntis nlmut tdi hrint jinfs mg Zieuubao noj sahoaknot kmotralutamos enjily tdi Emtdir Dmifuo ao tdi istnlfasdeiot mg tdi Hrint Emohmfano Iepari, ns wiff ns ji-skralis nlmut tdi gnkt tdnt Dmifuo wns tdi rst wagi (quiio) mg tdi Qisucdia Lnntnr. Ivio

tdmuhd tdi quiio Dmifuo wns rstfy tncio nwny ly gmrki grme dir lifmvij duslnoj nojliknei n eielir mg Lmrbahao gneafy, fntir sdi jijakntij nff dir tdmuhdts noj giifaohs gmr tdiguturi mg Lmrbahao gneafy. Dastmrak eirat mg Dmifuo emtdir as tdi gnkt tdnt sdi kmufj refyritnao tdi pmsatamo, nutdmraty noj pramraty mg Lmrbahao gneafy ao uoaty watd tdi pmfataknf nktav-atais mg Emohmfano prmvaokis noj tralis ao TAAA kiotury. Zdas omvifs onrrntis nlmut EmtdirDmifuos pnrtakapntamo ao pmfataknf fagi mg Emohmfan, dmw sdi kmufj mvirkmei mlstnkfis nojdnrj satuntamos tdnocs tm dir wasjme noj psykdmfmhaknf pmwirs noj dmw sdi ijukntij dassmos noj enji tdie dahdfy aotiffahiot nrastmkrnts. Nfsm tdas omvifs aepfais tdnt wasjme,hmmj bujheiot, dahd psykdmfmhaknf pmtiotanfaty mg Dmifuo Emtdir stnojs lidaoj tdi Zieu-

baos mutstnojaoh sukkiss.

Ciy wmrjs2 Emtdir Dmifuo, nrastmkrntak/omlfi lmy, comwfijhi noj wasjme


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Zme ; : ;1:4

,

YHIJIA CDNO NOJ NLMYZ MG \IFNZAMO[DAP[

LIZXIIO EMOHMFAN NOJ ZALIZ

.-()

2 . >09, >07, >81, >40, >4>, >4;, >10, >1:, >17,


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- ...S>4U .

>11>, >00 .>4.. / /, ., >11>, 1;-14 .>1Wno Bno Lia, Oynen Banl Zsano. Zdi dastmraknf stntus mg Kdaoisi Zalit, Liabaoh., >14>, p->0;:->>0< / . />01>94 /, />>:>4< /, />>:8->7/, />>4 /, />U- , .

, , .

. , . ... , = ... ,

, , ... . S;11>, :94 .;> . . ., >117, :0 .


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Zme ; : :197

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.

, (>97947/8)- . >949 , . >948 , , , . >917 - , , (>917->790 )- .

,

TWAA ;0- , -


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eiji>>

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54/232

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55/232

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56/232

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onei Hir(i)sio(h) bi bnfnyar quotnaba. Nktn Dastmrakn. Z.WA.YL. -4;.8. . -

. - , >114.>7-0. .

. >149>>. . . , 14;

>:. . TWAA . , , ... -., . >001

>9. . - . - , >114. >7-8td kiotury. Moi mg tdiewns oneij [dmfma wdm wns wiff-comwo ns [itsio cdno noj wns moi eielir mg jnynocdno Lnteuocds jarikt itdoakaty.

Di wns tdi praoki mg Cdnfcd Emhuf, wns ixnftij ns tdi Endn-[nenja wasi caoh, wnsrufaoh tdi [itsio cdno prmvaoki noj mwoij n fnrhi pnrt mg Emohmfan. Di as tdi dastmraknfhuri wdm wns finjiraoh tdi kmuotry watd das mwo pmfataknf kmokipts noj nktavatais nlmut

pulfak pmfaky juraoh tdnt taei.


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98

EMOHMFAN2 N\IN NOJ KYFZY\I [ZYJAI[

ZDI AO[ZAZYZI GM\ EMOHMFANO [ZYJAI[


Zme ; : 9870

>

NONPDM\[ AO EMOHMFAN

.()

Zm

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AA. \&\(>11;) sifg [I .

2. (syotnktak)

.

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58/232

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. sifg , . .

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60/232

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>:- - >9- -

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prmnkd tm nonpdmrn. [iktamo ; waff prisiot emomemrpdieak noj pmfyemrpdieak nonpdmrs.[iktamo : waff li gmkusij mo nonpdmrs ao Emohmfano.


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Zme ; : 7>74

KMEPN\NZAWI \I[IN\KD MG KDAOI[I NOJ

EMOHMFANO AJAME[

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65/232

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67/232

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68/232

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69/232

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Zme ; : 718:

ZDI Z\NJAZAMO MG X\AZAOH WI\[AMO MG

EQZD "OMEYFYO CDNZNO"

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70/232

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Zme ; : 8940

-

GM\ ENOKDY\ANO NOJ EMOHMFANO \IPM\Z LMMC[ MG EAOA[Z\Q MG

[ZNZI NGGNA\[ MG MYZI\ EMOHMFAN AO ZDI AOAZANF ZAEI MG ENOKDY

JQON[ZQ

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o

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Din Bayman Biidkmn [ayin [mjisM LMJaiat N Xiiat {A Rin Gmidoahmmn Hiibmm*

Di%/-:90/

cuain/0>-:9>/

[majisM/0>-::9/

LMJaiat Xm/0>-:9>/

Xiiat [NRin/0>-:9-9>9/

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80/232

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Zme ; : 4>44

K ScifncifiU SdyimU

N [ZYJQ MG ZDI IZQEMFMHQ MG ZDI LN[AK XM\J ZMOHYI

AO CM\INO NOJ EMOHMFANO FNOHYNHI

- ()( )

A. PN

N. k

.

. . (H.B.\nestijt)

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nn n hayri- px >8

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, Sdyim,xU- Sdimf, xU, Shnf, cnU ScifiU- .

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p- . c-?t-?p- p- e- . k e- c- . .

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86/232

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88/232

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Zdi hmnf mg tdas stujy as tm affustrnti n kfmsi ngoaty litwiio Cmrino noj Emohmfanofnohunhi. Zdi lnsak wmrjs3 Sdyim, x, U, Sdimf, xU, Shnf, cnU, Senf,n, U, Senfdnjn, nxnn, xxU, Scifn, cifiU, xxScifiCcificU mg

twm fnohunhis ns tdi risinrkd mlbikts mg tdas stujy nri ityemfmhaknffy kmhonti saoki tdiynri viraij tdiar saeafnratais mg pdmomfmhaknf strukturis noj tdi fixaknf pnrnffifs mg wmrj rmmtstdrmuhdtdi pdmomfmhaknf kmrrispmojioki npprmnkd.

Ciywmrjs2 tmohui, ityemfmhy, Prmtmfnohunhi, Cmrino, Emohmfano, Scifn, cifiU, xxScifiC cificU, SdyimU, SenfU


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189)), ( ;(>14:)) . .

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ao n lnj tiepir, n dnrj pir-smo tm hit nfmoh watd, n lnj ihh 3 - tdi sdirenos dmrsirienaos watdmut wntir, tdi kmllfirs /sdmiencirs/ wagi as tdi wmrst sdmj, tdi sdmiencirs

smo nfwnys hmis lnrigmmt3 - tm rifaivi moisifg/onturi, tm li ixikutij, tmfinvi tdi rmme3 - n lnj lihaooaoh encis n lnj iojaoh3 , - di wdm sfiips kntkdis om sd, piooy-wasinoj pmuoj-gmmfasd3 , stnrt mo n eirry omti, lut oasd mo

n snj moi, stnrt smeilmjy wiff noj ioj lnjfy, tdi emuotnao dns lrmuhdt gmrtd n emusi, gnstlihaooir ixdnust daesifg smmo, tdi emri dnsti, fiss spiij, hrint kry noj fattfi wmmf, eukd

njm nlmut omtdaoh3 - tmm fnzy tm fagt n ohir tm difp moisifg, omkrmss, om krmwo, ajfioiss as tdi emtdir mg nff vakis, ajfioiss as tdi rmmt mg nff ivaf, ajfi lrnao as

tdi jivafs wmrcsdmp3 at as oivir fnti tm eioj3 , tm stnoj mo mois mwo lmttme, kmei up ao tdiwmrfj, tm hrmw up .

, . .

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108/232

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>. .. (>117) . .,111) . .,;. .. (>119)Pinrf \msnry mg Xasjme.,

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Yoavirsaty Priss.>114)Gaxij Ixprissamo noj Ajames ao Iohfasd, Kfnriojmo

Priss, Mxgmrj.

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Moi mg tdi enao prmlfies wdio wi gnki watd wdafi stujyaoh gmriaho fnohunhis as ajames.Ajames nri kfmsify rifntij tm tdi kustme, kufturi noj fagistyfi mg noy kmuotry, tdus at as vatnf tmdnvi sugkaiot comwfijhi nlmut tdnt kmuotry tm stujy ats ajames. Zdirigmri, skdmfnrs nri likme-

aoh emri aotiristij ao tdas ifj. Zdas pnpir jaskussis tdi trnosfntamos mg smei ajames watdtdi wmrj dmrsi grme tdi skaiotak wmrcs ly smei skdmfnrs.


109/232

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. nllrivantamo, nkrmoye .

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tamo (>188),Lfiojs ao Iohfasd wmrj-gmrentamo Neirakno spiikd vmf7: < ([ueeir >141), Lnuir Fnurai Iohfasd wmrj-gmrentamo Knelrajhi (>14;), Enrkdnoj, Criajfir,Kdnrfis, Xnfis Cntai (>11>) , , ,, , , , .

, , . , , , , . ,

- Zdi Ontamonf Yoavirsaty mg Emohmfan-OYE, -Zdi Aostatuti gmr Emohmfano [tujais-AE[, , -Eaoastry mg Ijukntamo noj [kaioki-EIJ[, ,, -Aogmrentamo Zikdomfmhy, Pmst noj Zifikmeeuoakntamos Nutdmraty-AZPZN .

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117/232

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, Katazio [irvakis[IKZAMO 2 - , (.

, 749 ) Nssmkantamo - , Yoamo- Nsano Pnkak PnrfaneiotnryN[[MKANZAMO Xist Iurmpino YOAMO ,

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120/232

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127/232

>;110) knffs tdas tdi nkmustak lfur mg onturnf spmcio Iohfasd. Ao mrjir tm ciip up watd tdispiij mg aogmrenf spmcio Iohfasd, wi oiij tm li nlfi tm jastaohuasd wdiri wmrj lmuojnraisfai watdao tdi strine mg smuojs.

Aosmeukd ns, Faohuastak rijuktamos nri n pnrt mg onturnf Iohfasd noj n pdiomeiomo tmfmsi smuojs ao wmrjs mr pdrnsis ao mw mg spiikd mr husd. Nftdmuhd tdiy dnppio ao spmcioIohfasd, nfemst oivir ao wrataoh, tdiy knoomt li kmosajirij ns sfnoh mr aeprmpir. BneisJino Lrmwo noj Noo Dafgirty () usi tdi tire rijukij gmres tm rigir kmffiktavify tmtdi prmkissis mg kmotrnktamo, ifasamo, nssaeafntamo, noj rijuktamo. Nfsm, Neirakno risinrkdir OaonXaiostaio stntis tdnt tdi stntastaknffy sahoaknot knusi gmr rijukij gmres as omt n smrt mguoijukntij caoj mg spiikd mr aogmrenfaty lut spiij mg spiikd. Zdmuhd ao aogmrenf spiikd witioj tm spinc emri quakcfy, noj pimpfi tdaoc ats tdi aogmrenfaty, lut nktunffy ats tdi spiijmg spiikd. Grme tdas wi kno kmosajir tdnt at as emri rifntij tm tdi spiij mg spiikd rntdir tdnoaogmrenfaty. Liknusi wdio pimpfi spinc, hioirnffy jm noytdaoh, tdiy usunffy tioj tm jm atgnst ao mrjir tm snvi taei noj fnlmur, wdakd aouioki mo tdiar spincaoh tmm. At as knffij noikmomey praokapfi.

Zdiri nri sivirnf lnsak gmres mg rijuktamos, sukd ns, kmotrnktamo, ifasamo noj wmrj strissitk. Ivio tdmuhd tdiy nri jastaohuasdij grme inkd mtdir, tdi risuft tdiy knusi as snei gmr


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>. Zdiy lmtd meat moi mr emri fittirs mr wdmfi syffnlfi ao n wmrj mr pdrnsi.. Ifasamo as tdi meassamo mg moi mr emri smuojs ao saohfi wmrj mr pdrnsi. Lut Kmotrnk-

tamo as tdi kmelaontamo mg twm mr emri wmrjs tm gmre n sdmrtir wmrj. Ag tdiri as no meassamoao saohfi wmrj faci Kmegtirlfi gmr kmegmrtnlfi, at as surify ifasamo omt kmotrnktamo.

. Zdi ifasamo mg vmwifs litwiio kmosmonots as knffij [yokmpi. Gmr aostnoki2Kmegmrtnlfi ngtir ifasamo at smuojs ScegtlfU (tdi smuoj mlitwiio kmosmonots


129/232

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Grme gmres mg dnvi2 dnviot, dnsot, dnjot Grme gmres mg jm2 jmot, jmisot, jajot, jmoommr juoomgmr jm omt comw Grme emjnf virls2 knot (tdi guff gmre as tdi saohfi wmrj knoomt),kmufjot,

enyot (rnri),eahdtot,eustot,sdnot (gmrsdnff omt),sdmufjot,wmot (gmr waff omt),wmufjot, jnriot,oiijot,muhdtot.

;. Kmotrnktamo aovmfvaoh pripmsatamos tm noj mg n fmttngmr n fmt mg caojn gmr caoj mg muttngmr mut mg smrtngmrsmrt mg hmoongmrhmaoh tm hmttngmrhmt tm dngtngmr dnvi tm dnstn gmr dns tm wnoongmr wnot tm

muhdtngmr muhdt tm tryoon gmr tryaoh tm:. Kmotrnktamos aovmfvaoh prmomuos noj quistamo wmrjs fitsgmr fit uswdio usij tm enci rst-pirsmo pfurnf aepirntavis tgmr at, nrkdnak ixkipt ao stmkc usis sukd ns Zwns tdi oahdt ligmri Kdrastens. iegmrtdieaonscie (nsc tdie) ae, ir, as, itk. gmr dae, dir, das- Xdntsirgmr wdnt as dir- Xdntsazgmr wdnt as das- Eiitaz gmr eiit das-

Ziffaegmr

tiff dae- [dmwir gmrsdmw dir ynff, gmrymu nff, usij ns n pfurnf sikmoj-pirsmo prmomuo, enaofy ao tdi [mutdiro

Yoatij [tntis. Hioirnffy,ymuas kmotrnktij ao vnramus wnys jipiojaoh mo iojaoh smuoj mgtdi wmrjs prikiji at. Gmr aostnoki2

- litkdngmr lit ymu- jmokdngmr jmot ymu- hitkdngmrhit ymu- hmtkdngmrhmt ymu- dmwnryngmrdmw nri ymu- dmwjyngmrdmw jm ymu- dmwbyngmrdmw jaj ymu- dmwubyngmrdmw wmufj ymu- byngmrjaj ymu- wnjjnyngmrwdnt nri ymumr wdnt jm ymu- wdntkdn gmrwdnt nri ymu mr wdnt dnvi ymu- wnokdngmrwnot ymu- wdnbyngmrwdnt jaj ymu- wdiobyngmrwdio jaj ymu- wdirbyngmrwdiri jaj ymu- wdmbyngmr wdm jaj ymu

- wmubyn gmr wmufj ymu- biitgmr jaj ymu int


131/232


132/232

>;14:.H.Lrmwo.Fastioaoh tm [pmcio Iohfasd. [ikmoj Ijatamo. Fmojmo2 Fmoheno, >110.B.Lrmwo noj N. Dafgirty.Fastioaoh gmr rijukij gmres, >147. ZI[MF unrtirfyTT/:2891-87;B.Lrmwo noj N. Dafgirty. Zdi iggiktavioiss mg tinkdaoh rijukij gmres gmr fastioaohkmepridiosamo, >14


133/232

>;;



Zme ; : >;;>:0

MO ZDI YOJI\[ZNOJAOH MG ZIO KMEPIZIOKI[ MGEMOHMFANO EIO

.

()

2 , , , ()- 2 , , , (), , , , () . ,, . , .

2 , ,

, , , , ,

/ / . , . , , . , , .

, >. ,

, , , , ., ,, , , , .-, ., (), - . . ,. , .-, ., ., ., .,., ., ., ., ., .,., .,

>., ,, , ., >, 17-18


134/232

>;:

, , . - - .

, ,

. 3 . , 2

, ,

, ,

, . , , , , , , , , 144, >>< :.-, , . >11>, >04


135/232

>;9

, 9 , , . , .

.

- 7.,

( ) (, , , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) ( )

( , ) ( , ) . >0 -

8. 2>. - 0. -

, >0 - , (4)- .

TAT-TT .2 , .-

-2 9 , , , .7., ., , ., , 17-18 4 , . , , ijukntamo . 2 ., , , - , , >1:- , .. , , , -

- , , >19>, 701 , , cebaf, N Kmokasi Iohfasd-Emo-hmfano Jaktamonry, Lfmmeaohtmo, >180, >9> . , , .


136/232

>;7

2 ( ), // , , / / , , 1 .

, ( -) ( ..) (

..) >0 >> .- .

. - , ,

... ,

, , .

. , . , - , , , .

= - , , -- , >; . , , . , ,

. >:.

, - , , , , , , 1.-, , ., >11> >0., , ., >119, >09 >>.-, , , >110, :., , .,


137/232

>;8

, , . , , , .

< -

, . 2 .- . . . . >9. ( , ) .

- , , , , , , ,

>7. ,

= . , () () . . 2 , / , , , /,

, / , />8 , , , , ,., ., ,

, . . ,

, . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . , , , , , , , , >4

. , .

... , . , , , >1 .

>9.-, , = dttp2//smoao.eo/oiws/insy-pnhi/;7 ., ., ,

, 8., , ., 180, ;


138/232

>;4

2

. ( ), , , , , , , , .

, . , , , ,

, , , , , . .) ,

, ,,>01 Eaoastry mg Ijukntamo, Kufturi, [pmrts, [kaioki noj Zikdomfmhy-BNPNO

2

,()

, ()


139/232

>;1

, , ; . , , , . , , ,

, , . 2 2

- -

- ... . , (Baocncu om cnosia m

eiznsda) , .

. .2

- -

- ,

.- ,


140/232

>:0

.

11180,;.:. , 9 , , >111.9. , 2 , , :.7. ., , , 119.

4. ., , , >174.

1. .., , , >188 9, / ./

>0. .-, , = dttp2//smoao.eo/oiws/insy-pnhi/;>. ., - , , :.>.

>:. .. , , >144.>9. ., , ,, >144.

>7. ., , , 4. ., ., , , 1. ., ,

, .. .-,

, , >110,


141/232

>:>



Zme ; : >:>>90

EYFZAPFI AOZIFFAHIOKI[ ZDIM\Q AO IOHFA[D

FNOHYNHI ZINKDAOH

., .()

2 ,A^, , , ,

,

. , , , S>0.x - 0U , , . S>;.x >>4->10: A^ .

, , A^ , , , , , . , - , A^ A^ , . , , , . , .


142/232

>:0U>14;

, , , , - , - ,, -, -,

. . . , . , , , . - -, . S7. x >:U >111

, ixastiotanf .

Faohuastak aotiffahioki(wmrj senrt) Fmhaknf-entdientaknf aotiffahioki(ouelir/rinsmoaoh senrt) [pntanf aotiffahioki(pakturi senrt) Lmjafy-Caoistditak aotiffahioki(lmjy senrt) Eusaknf aotiffahioki(eusak senrt) Aotirpirsmonf aotiffahioki(pimpfi senrt)

Aotrnpirsmonf aotiffahioki(sifg senrt) Onturnfast aotiffahioki(onturi senrt)

, - , , . , , , , , , A^ , .

.

. . . -

.>14; Grneis mg Eaoj >14:


143/232

>:;

- , , .

. , . . . >11> , . >11< . >11;

. >117 , , . >117 >114 . . >11> >11;

>117 , . S;.x >:-2 2 .


144/232

>::

EA Aostruktamonf noj Nssisseiot Eious [nepfi Znscs Ysij ao Xrataoh Kfnss nt Emuotfnci Zirrnki Dahd [kdmmf

Faohuastak eiou2 Fmhaknf-Entdientaknf eiou2Ysi stmrytiffaoh tm Krinti stmry prmlfies gmrXrati n pmie, eytd, fihioj, Zrnosfnti aotm n gmreufn

sdmrt pfny mr oiws nrtakfi nlmut Krinti n taeifaoi mg Finj n kfnss jaskussamo mo Aoviot n strntihy hnei tdnt .Aoviot sfmhnos gmr Enci up nonfmhais tm ixpfnaoKmojukt no aotirvaiw mg mo Jisaho n kmji gmr

Caoistditak eiou2 Wasunf eiou2\mfi pfny mr staeufnti Kdnrt, enp, kfustir mr hrnpdKdmrimhrnpd n jnoki mg Krinti n sfajisdmw, vajimtnpi, mr pdmtm nflue mgAoviot n lmnrj mr mmr hnei mg Jisaho n pmstir, luffitao lmnrj, mr eurnf mgLuafj mr kmostrukt n Krinti njvirtasieiots gmrJivasi n sknviohir duot tm Wnry tdi sazi noj sdnpi mg Jisaho n prmjukt gmr Kmfmr kmji tdi prmkiss mg

Eusaknf eiou2 Aotirpirsmonf eiou2Havi n prisiotntamo watd eusaknf Kmojukt n eiitaoh tmnkkmepnoaeiot mo Nkt mut javirsi pirspiktavis mo[aoh n rnp mr smoh tdnt ixpfnaos Aotiotamonffy usi smkanf scaffs tm finro nlmut.Aojaknti tdi rdytdeaknf pnttiros ao Zinkd smeimoi ifsi nlmutIxpfnao dmw n paiki mg eusak saeafnr tm Kmffnlmrntavify pfno rufis mr prmkijuris tmYsi eusak tm iodnoki finroaoh Havi noj rikiavi giijlnkc moKrinti n eusaknf kmffnhi tm jipakt

Aotrnpirsmonf eiou2 Onturnfast eiou2[it noj pursui n hmnf tm Kmffikt noj kntihmrazi jntnJiskrali dmw ymu giif nlmut..,. Ciip n bmuronf mg mlsirvntamos nlmutJiskrali ymur pirsmonf vnfuis nlmut Enci n tnxmomey mgXrati n bmuronf iotry mo Ixpfnao dmw n pfnot mr noaenf spikais risielfisJm n prmbikt mg ymur kdmaki mo [pikagy tdi kdnrnktirastaks mg[ifg-nssiss ymur wmrc ao Nttioj no mutjmmr ifj trap tm

2

, , , , ,

, , ,

, , , , , , ,

,

.S;.x 79-89U


145/232

>:9

, .

, .S>. x >111 . S1.x 47U , , , , , , . , , , , , . S4.x


146/232

>:7

(faohuastak aotiffahioki) , , , , , , , . . S:. >;U , , ,

, Jarikt eitdmj, Kme-euoakntavi tinkdaoh eitdmj , .

- (fmhaknf-entdientaknf aotiffahioki) , , , , , . Hrne-enr trnosfntamo eitdmj , , , , , , ,

. S>. x >. x >. x >


147/232

>:8

Euftapfi

Aotiffahioki

Jiskraptamo \mfis Znscs, nktavatais noj

nssisseiots

Faohuastak

aotiffahioki

Xmrjs noj

fnohunhis

wrattio noj spmcio

wmrjs, aotirpritntamo noj

ixpfnontamo mg ajins noj

aogmrentamo van fnohunhi,uojirstnojs rifntamosdap

litwiio kmeeuoakntamo

noj einoaoh

Kmpywratirs, ijatmrs, dastmra-

nos, bmuronfasts, fnwyirs,

faohuasts, Pmits, P\ noj ei-

jan kmosuftnots, spincirs,tinkdirs, wratir prmgissmrs,

trnaoirs, trnosfntmrs, ZW noj

rnjam prisiotirs, vmaki-mvir

nrtasts,

ijat n piirs pnpirhavi no mrnf prisiotntamo

fast tdi striohtds noj

wincoissis mg n prmjuktwrati n iufmhy

wrati jariktamos tm nk-

kmepnoy n enp

Fmhaknf

entdientaknf

Aotiffahioki

Fmhak noj

ouelirs

nonfyzi prmlfies,

jitiktaoh pnttiros,

pirgmre entdientaknf

knfkufntamos, skaiotakrinsmoaoh noj jijuktamo

uojirstnojs rifntamo-

sdap litwiio knusi noj

iggikt tmwnrj n tnohalfi

mutkmei mr risuft

Nonfysts, nrlatrntmrs,

lnocirs, kirtaij pulfaknkkmuotnots, aosurnoki

lrmcirs, trnjirs oihmtantmrs,

risinrkdirs, skaiotasts, stntas-

takanos, kmeputir prmhrne-

eirs iohaoiirs

nonfyzi dmw n kmeputir

wmrcs nssiss tdi vnfui

mg n lusaoiss mr n prmp-

msatamo, krinti n prmkiss,

jivasi n strntihy tm

nkdaivi no nae, pirgmre

n eiotnf entdientaknf

knfkufntamo, krinti n

prmkiss tm einsuri

smeitdaoh

Eusaknf Aotif-

fahioki

Eusak, smuoj,

rdytde

nwnrioiss, npprikantamo

noj usi mg smuoj, rikmh-

oatamo mg tmonf noj rdytd-

eak pnttiros, uojirstnojs

rifntamosdap litwiio

smuoj noj giifaoh

nkmustak iohaoiirs, saohirs

kmepmsirs, JBs, iotirtnao-

ir, iovarmoeiot noj omasi

nonfysts, eusak prmjukirs,

eusaknf aostrueiot ripnar

spikanfasts, eusaknf pirgmre-irs, vmaki kmnkdis

kmnkd smeimoi tm pfny

n eusaknf aostrueiot,

kmepmsi eijan baohfis,

ajiotagy eusak gmr enffs

noj ritnaf stmris, finj n

kdmar, pirgmre n eusaknfpaiki, rivaiw n eusaknf

pfny, wdastfi n tuoi

Lmjafy

caoistditaknf

Aotiffahioki

Lmjy emvi-

eiot kmotrmf

iyi noj lmjy kmmrjaon-

tamo, enounf jixtiraty,pdysaknf nhafaty noj

lnfnoki

Notdrmpmfmhasts, ntd-

fitis, lamfmhasts, jnokirs,

himfmhasts, aostrueiotnfasts,

oursis, pdysaknf ijukntamo

tinkdirs, pdysaknf tdirnpasts,

pdysakanos nktmrs, saho-fno-

hunhi aotirpritirs

nrrnohi wmrcpfnki guroa-

turi, jiemostrnti n spmrts

tikdoaqui, jisaho n

waojmw jaspfny, aotirprit

n spiikd usaoh Neirakno

saho fnohunhi, pripnri

snepfis gmr enhoakn-

tamo noj tistaoh, put tm-hitdir n paiki mg emjufnr

guroaturi, raji n dmrsi,

stnkc lmmcs mo n sdifg


148/232

>:4

[pntanf vasunf

Aotiffahioki

Aenhis noj

spnki

aotirpritntamo noj kri-

ntamo mg vasunf aenhis,

paktmranf aenhaontamo noj

ixprissamo, uojirstnojsrifntamosdaps litwiio

aenhis noj einoaohs nojlitwiio spnki noj iggikt

Nrkdatikts, nrtasts, skufptmrs

knrtmhrnpdirs, katy-pfnooirs,

iohaoiirs, hrnpdak jisahoirs

aoviotmrs, fnojsknpi nrkda-

tikts, pdmtmhrnpdirs

kmepmsi n pdmtmhrnpd

krinti no mrhnoazntamonf

fmhm jisaho n luafjaoh

jisaho n dastmrak

kmstuei jisaho n

fnojsknpi aotirpritn pnaotaoh mrhnoazi

n stmrnhi rmme pnkc

no nutmemlafi truoc

pnaot n fnojsknpi

Aotirpirsmonf

Aotiffahioki

Mtdir pim-

pfis giifaohs

nlafaty tm rifnti tm mtdirs,

aotirpritntamo mg lidnvamr

noj kmeeuoakntamos,

uojirstnojs tdi rifntamo-

sdap litwiio pimpfi noj

tdiar satuntamos, aokfujaohmtdir pimpfi

njvirtasaoh prmgissamo-

nfs, kmnkdis noj eiotmrs,

kmuosifmrs, knri havirs,

ijukntmrs, dinftd prmvajirs

D\ prmgissamonf, eijantmrs

pmfatakanos, psykdmfmhasts,snfis-pimpfi, tinkdirs, tdirn-

pasts, trnaoirs

nggikt tdi giifaohs mg

mtdirs ao n pfnooij wny,

kmnkd mr kmuokaf nomtdir

pirsmo, jiemostrnti

giifaohs tdmuhd lmjy fno-

hunhi, aotirprit emmjsgrme gnkanf ixprissamos, eiotmr n oiw gnkufty

eielir

Aotrnpirsmonf

Aotiffahioki

[ifg-nwnri-

oiss

mois mwo oiijs gmr nojrinktamo tm kdnohi, nlafaty

tm jinf watd kdnohi ao

tdi wmrcpfnki, moisrifntamosdap tm mtdirs

noj tdi wmrfj, pirsmonf

kmhoaznoki, pirsmonf

mlbiktavaty, tdi knpnlafaty

tm uojirstnoj moisifg

moi wdm as sifg-nwnri noj

aovmfvij ao tdi prmkiss mg

kdnohaoh pirsmonf tdmuhdts,

lifaigs, noj lidnvamr ao

rifntamo tm tdiar satuntamo,

mtdir pimpfi, tdiar purpmsi

noj naes

kmosajir noj jikaji moismwo naes noj pirsmonf

kdnohis riquarij tm

nkdaivi tdie (omt oikis-

snrafy rivinf tdas tm mtd-

irs), kmosajir noj jikaji

mois mwo pmsatamo aorifntamo tm tdi Iemtamonf

Aotiffahioki Emji

. 7;->40U

, , .

, , , , , .

, .


149/232

>:1

, , .

>. Nromfj B., Gmosikn K.,Euftapfi Aotiffahioki Zdimry noj Gmriaho FnohunhiFinroaoh2 N Lrnaolnsij Pirspiktavi, Aotirontamonf Bmuronf mg Iohfasd [tujais(ABI[), 117 Om. f (;)9. Dnffiy E.D.,Finroir-Kiotirij Aostruktamo noj tdi Zdimry mg Euftapfi Aotiffahiokis

watd [ikmoj Fnohunhi Finroirs,Zinkdirs Kmffihi \ikmrj, 07(>)7. Hnrjoir D., Grneis mg Eaoj2 Zdi Zdimry mg Euftapfi Aotiffahiokis, Lnsak Lmmcs,

Oiw Qmrc., >14;.8. Hmttgrijsmo F.[., [mkanf Kmosiquiokis mg Hrmup Jaggiriokis ao Kmhoatavi Nlafaty.

Nrt Eij Pulfasdirs, 117Om.>4.1. [cidno P.,N kmhoatavi npprmnkd tm fnohunhi finroaoh, Mxgmrj Yoavirsaty Priss, Mxgmrj, >114.>0. [pinreno K.,Hioirnf aotiffahioki, mlbiktavify jitireaoij noj einsurij.

Neirakno Bmuronf mg Psykdmfmhy,>10: Om.>9, ->. [tirolirh \.B.,Liymoj A^2 N Zranrkdak Zdimry mg Aotiffahioki. 2 KnelrajhiYoavirsaty Priss, Knelrajhi., >149.

>;. Zdurstmoi F.F., Praenry eiotnf nlafatais. Yoavirsaty mg Kdaknhm Priss, Kdaknhm, >1;4.>:. Xntirdmusi F., Xntirdmusi euftapfi aotiffahiokis, tdi Emznrt Iggikt, noj

Iemtamonf Aotiffahioki2 N Krataknf \ivaiw, Ijukntamonf Psykdmfmhast, (:).

\I[YEI

Zdi purpmsi mg tdas nrtakfi as tm jaskuss tdi Zdimry mg Euftapfi Aotiffahiokis noj ats np-pfakntamo ao tdi ifj mg gmriaho fnohunhi tinkdaoh. Zdi pnpir nfsm ixiepfais tdi njnptntamomg tdi tdimry ao tdi kmotixt mg tinkdaoh Iohfasd ns n gmriaho fnohunhi noj gmriaho fnohunhitinkdaoh noj finroaoh ao hioirnf ly jiskralaoh n sit mg nktavatais noj n fissmo pfno usaoh tdiEA npprmnkd.

Zdi nrtakfi rivaiws tdi typis mg aotiffahiokis jiskralij noj jioij ly Dmwnrj Hnrjoirnoj nutdmrs wdm gmffmwij noj rivasij tdi tdimry ao tires mg fnohunhi tinkdaoh. Emrimvir,at aokfujis pmsatavi risufts noj ixpiraiokis mg Neirakno skdmmfs nppfyaoh Euftapfi Aotiffa-

hiokis tdimry tm tdiar kurrakufue noj tinkdaoh tm aeprmvi stujiot pirgmrenokis. Gaonffy,tdi nrtakfi prmvajis n lraig kmokfusamo rihnrjaoh tdi pmssalfi mutkmeis mg tdi nppfakntamo mgtdimry mg Euftapfi Aotiffahiokis.


150/232

>90


151/232

>9>



Zme ; : >9>>97

,

Y[NHI NOJ [AZYNZAMO MG EMOHMFANO FNOHYNHI NOJ FIZZI\[

, -(- )

. , , , , .

. >.>.7- , , , , , , > .

, . , , , . , , , . , .


152/232

>99;

. , , , .

- .- >00% :% :0% , 0% , >0% , , >0% .8 . .

. , , , , , , , , , ,

.

. . , , , , , , , ,

. , , , , , . >7.


154/232

>9:

.

. .

. , . , . . , , .

, , .

. . , 4 -

. 1 . , - .

. .

. . , , , . . , , . ()

4 .-. , , .,;, >1


155/232

>99

. - . . , .>0 . . 0 08 07

. , , , , - , , , . , , .

9 < >8- . > . , , . , , ,

, , , .

, , -

>0.. , , 0>9(:799), :.0>.>.. , .,


156/232

>97

. , , . , -

, .

.-. 2 , , ., ;.. . ., ;.. . ( ), ., .. . , ., .


157/232

>98



Zme ; : >98>80

. ,

[MEI PIKYFAN\AZAI[ MG KMOZIOZ[ NOJ KDN\NKZI\ JI[K\APZAMO[

MG J.LMJMM[ YRIEBAZ YHYYFIF

.()

A. .

TAT , TT . , , . . >1>0- , , , , . >110- . , , , . . , . - Emohmfano[tujais ;1 .

A.A. .

. /, / . 2

>

> . . . 9;, 41:, ,


158/232

>94

01->>1 .


159/232

>91

. >191 . . .-,. . , .

, . , ,

. ... - , , , .

... , - - , ,, . ... - - , , , . - . >>1 .7 . . -, . . ., >11>. ;-:


160/232

>70

, .

. . . . >119

< . . . - 191 . 0- - :0 - - ;0- - - -


161/232

>7>

,

, , , , 8 . .

, , . .. >1>0- , . .

119,


162/232

>70 .

, , , >1>0- , .

. 189,


163/232

>7;

. , ,

, , . .

, . .

.

. .

,

. .

AA.A. .

2 >> . = . , . .

>. , , . , . , , , . , , . . .

. . . , . , , , . , . , . , , . ,

. .

>> . . -, . . ., >11>, 7


164/232

>7:


165/232

>79

AA.AA. .

, . , . 2

, ,

, , , , , >11>, 7


166/232

>77

>;

, .

, , , ,

=, , , , , , , , .

; / . 2

.../4 /

. , . . .

, , /1 / . ,

, , , , ,

>; . .-, .. ., >11>, ;1


167/232

>78

. , , .

+ . , , . .

. . . />> / , .

. , . />> / . , , , /


168/232

>74

, , .

, , , , ,

, , . , , .

. , . 1>0- , , .

- , , . .

. , . , . , , , . , ,, . , , , . , , .


169/232

>71

2 , >. .-. 2 . ., >11>11>7. .. . . ., 189>>. .. . ., >

>149

>;. .. . ., :.

. . ., 9. . , . ., >141>7. .. . ., >18:>8. .. . ., >119>4. .. .

., >181>1. .. . ., >188. .-. . . 8. >141074;). >11;;. .

. [ZYJAN EMOHMFAKN. Zmeus AW, Gnskakufa >-8. ., >17). >11;9. ( ).

. 1107. .. . . 9847). >1108. .

. >;. >1104. . >104->1><


170/232

>80

1. .>1>9->10. . >1>;->1>: >>.. .:, .>, ., ., .. .>, .8.>7.dttps2//eo.wacapijan.mrh/waca/]>8.dttp2//www.hmmjrinjs.kme/lmmc/sdmw/47;8;9:>4.dttp2//www.lmfmj.eo/emlafi.pdp=oaj5>0941.dttp2//llntzmrah.lfmhspmt.kme/


171/232

>8>



Zme ; : >8>>87

DYEM\ ZIKDOA^YI[ AO EMOHMFANO M\NF ZNFI

.

()

, , , .

, , . , , , , , .

, , , , , , , . . 2 (.,>14


172/232

>814


173/232

>8;

, . , , , , , ,

. , (., >1444:, 41) .

;.

, . .


174/232

>8:

, , . , (., >1414:, 97) - - = ,

.

.


175/232

>89

, . ....2 . , ,

. 2

- ... (., >14:, 7;) .

9. . .

. . ... , .

, , .

, ... (., >14


176/232

>87

>. (>14


177/232

>88



Zme ; : >88>4


178/232

>84

WAAA ( ), , , , .

, ,

, , , .

, ., >1:7 - (, , , - )- ( . ),

;; ( .) .

>140 ( .), >141 ( .), . >11> ( .) ( .) ,, , , (.), >11< , ( . ), 118 W ( , . , , ), (., .) ( . ), ; ( .), -

( .), ( .), (.), (.) .

, , , . >1:;->1:7 , . .

, ,


179/232

>81

, , , , . ,

. , , , , , 2 , . . , .., , , , , ,

()- . ( ) ;; ( .)- , , , . .

>141 ,

. , , , , , .

/>11114), (.>111.19), (:) , ,


180/232

>40

. .

2 . (. >171) ,

, , . 2

, , . (.


181/232

>4>

. , , , , ,

, , , , 2, , 2 , , - , 2 , 2 , , - ( )


182/232

>4. .

144),9. 7. (. >111.19),8. ( .

. . >114)

4. . ( )

1. >0. >>. .. .>1:7-; .

NL[Z\NKZ

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Documents

Mongolia: Area and Culture 3 (421), 2015