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Molecular Biology and EvolutionJEOPARDY!!
Transcription and RNA Processing
Translation and Genetic Code
More Translation and
Mutations
Evolution 1 Evolution 2
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10 10 Transcription and RNA
Processing
The gene sequence that indicates the start of a gene is called….
1010
TATA box or promoter (TATAAA)
Transcription and RNA Processing
2020 Transcription and RNA
Processing
The enzyme that adds complementary RNA strands to the
template DNA
20 20 Transcription and RNA Processing
RNA Polymerase
3030 Transcription and RNA Processing
To protect the mRNA from destruction by cytoplasmic enzymes,
it needs…
30 30 Transcription and RNA Processing
A “G” cap and a poly “A” tail
30 30 Community 1Community 1
4040 Transcription and RNA Processing
Why is mRNA at the ribosome shorter than it was in the nucleus?
40 40 Transcription and RNA Processing
RNA splicing– introns are removed and exons are pasted together.
50 50 Transcription and RNA Processing
To begin transcription, the TATA box must be bound by…
5050
Transcription Factors
Transcription and RNA Processing
1010
The genetic code consists of…
Translation and Genetic Code
Codons (3 nucleotide sequences on mRNA)
1010 Translation and Genetic Code
2020
What is translation?
Translation and Genetic Code
Conversion of nucleic acid Conversion of nucleic acid language to amino acid language language to amino acid language
to build a proteinto build a protein
2020 Translation and Genetic Code
3030
What does tRNA do in translation?What does tRNA do in translation?
Translation and Genetic Code
Joins to a specific amino acid and Joins to a specific amino acid and transfer it by matching its transfer it by matching its
anticodon to the codon on mRNA anticodon to the codon on mRNA at the ribosomeat the ribosome
3030 Translation and Genetic Code
4040
What happens during initiation of What happens during initiation of translation?translation?
Translation and Genetic Code
mRNA joins with the small mRNA joins with the small ribosomal subunit, which is then ribosomal subunit, which is then joined by a tRNA, and then joined by a tRNA, and then joined by the large ribosomal joined by the large ribosomal subunit. subunit.
4040 Translation and Genetic Code
5050
Why is it significant that there are Why is it significant that there are 64 codons for 20 amino acids?64 codons for 20 amino acids?
Translation and Genetic Code
5050
Mutations can still occur with potentially no noticeable effect on the phenotype.
Translation and Genetic Code
1010 More Translation and Mutations
Any mutation that affects a single nucleotide is called…
Point Mutation
1010 More Translation and Mutations
2020
A point mutation that involves a A point mutation that involves a single nucleotide switched with single nucleotide switched with
another is called a…another is called a…
More Translation and Mutations
*Substitution*Substitution
2020 More Translation and Mutations
3030
Frameshift mutations can be caused Frameshift mutations can be caused by…by…
More Translation and Mutations
3030 More Translation and Mutations
Insertions or deletions
4040
List the sequence of events in List the sequence of events in translation.translation.
More Translation and Mutations
4040 More Translation and Mutations
*Initiation*Elongation <Codon recognition, peptide
bond formation, translocation>*Termination
5050
In terms of In terms of transcription and transcription and
translation, how does translation, how does genotype determine genotype determine
phenotype?phenotype?
More Translation and Mutations
5050 More Translation and Mutations*the information from the gene
on DNA that was inherited from parents is the genotype. It is transcribed onto mRNA, and eventually translated into a protein. The protein is the
phenotype (expression of the genotype)
1010 Evolution 1
What does the theory of evolution suggest about all living organisms?
1010 Evolution 1
All living organisms came from a common ancestor.
2020
Studying preserved Studying preserved organisms in organisms in
sedimentary rock is sedimentary rock is used as what?used as what?
Evolution 1
2020 Evolution 1
Evidence of EvolutionEvidence of Evolution
3030 Evolution 1
When looking at structures that are very similar but different in function, what kind of evidence of evolution are you studying?
3030 Evolution 1
Homologous structures
4040 Evolution 1
A fire wipes out an entire population of organisms. A few survive, reproduce, and give rise to a new population. This is an example of…
4040Evolution 1
*Bottleneck effect (Genetic Drift)
5050 Evolution 1
Variation in a population is Variation in a population is only significant if what?only significant if what?
5050 Evolution 1
*The variation allows for traits that increase the fitness of the population. *Beneficial traits are heritable and are passed on through reproduction.
1010
My name is Bond, Ionic Bond;Taken, not shared!
Evolution 2
10 Population Growth
From: Mariano Cecowski <MCecowski#NoSpam.sif.com.ar>
Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the waterwhich one disolves faster?
A: The one in Alaska because it is
HIJKLMNO
10 Population Growth
Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson.
Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in.
Urine - The opposite of "You're out!"Benign: What we want when we are eight.
Intestine - Currently taking an exam
CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing
TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport
1010 Evolution 2
Dark colored moths outnumbered light colored moths in Manchester England during the Industrial Revolution.
How would Lamarck explain this phenomenon?
1010 Evolution 2
According to his Theory of Evolution by Acquired Characteristics, Lamarck would suggest that the light colored moths turned dark colored, reproduced, and passed on this acquired trait to the next generation.
1010 Genetics 2Genetics 2
2020 Evolution 2
Dark colored moths outnumbered light colored moths in Manchester England during the Industrial Revolution.
How would Darwin explain this phenomenon?
Darwin would have explained through his Theory of Evolution Darwin would have explained through his Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Light moths were easily seen by by Natural Selection. Light moths were easily seen by
predators and therefore more likely to be eaten. Dark moths predators and therefore more likely to be eaten. Dark moths were naturally selected to survive in that their dark traits were naturally selected to survive in that their dark traits
allowed them to blend into their environment. The dark moths allowed them to blend into their environment. The dark moths survived, reproduced, and overtime there were more dark survived, reproduced, and overtime there were more dark
colored moths in the population. colored moths in the population.
2020 Evolution 2
3030 Evolution 2
Variation within a Variation within a population comes population comes from….from….
3030 Evolution 2
*new allele combinations that arise from mutations.
3030 Genetics 2Genetics 2
4040 Evolution 2
Darwin observed selective breeding of dogs to help him better understand natural selection. What did he call this type of selective breeding?
4040 Evolution 2
*artificial selection
5050 Evolution 2
Upon application of a pesticide in her garden, Sally initially found it to be an effective method to destroy the pests. Within a few months, the pesticide was completely ineffective and her garden was being destroyed by pests. (a)Why did the pesticide become ineffective?(b)What should she do?
5050 Evolution 2
(a)(a) The pesticide destroyed 99% of the The pesticide destroyed 99% of the pests, but 1% had a mutation that pests, but 1% had a mutation that enabled them immunity to the enabled them immunity to the pesticide. The pesticide-resistant pesticide. The pesticide-resistant pests then reproduce, and overtime pests then reproduce, and overtime their population increased in the their population increased in the garden.garden.
(b)(b) Sally will need to get a new Sally will need to get a new pesticidepesticide