Moha Final Paper 1st Draft

7/25/2019 Moha Final Paper 1st Draft

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................3

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................4

1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................5

1.1 Background of the study......................................................................................5

1.4 Research questions............................................................................................ 10

1.3. O!ecti"es of the study......................................................................................10

1.3.1. #enera$ o!ecti"e...........................................................................................10

1.3.%. &'eci(c o!ecti"es..........................................................................................10

1.) &igni(cance of the study....................................................................................11

1.* +i,itations of the &tudy.....................................................................................11

1.- &co'e of the study..............................................................................................12CHAPTER TWO....................................................................................................... 13

2. LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................13

Methods of Procurement.................................................................................13

Excet !s other"#se ro$#ded #n th#s...............................................................13

Public Private Partnership.........................................................................14

PROCEDURE OF OPEN TENDERING..................................................................14

Type and Scope of Contract.......................................................................20

Selection of Bidders....................................................................................20

Preparing and Issing a Bidding !oc"ent............................................21

Bid Preparation and S#"ission...............................................................22

Bidding Period and Bid Receipt.................................................................22

Bid $pening..................................................................................................23

Bid E%alation.............................................................................................. 23

In%itation to Bid &otices.............................................................................24

In%itation to Bid Letters.............................................................................25

Bid !ata S'eet.............................................................................................25

E%alation and (ali)cation Criteria.......................................................2%

Additional E%alation *actors....................................................................2&

(ali)cation Criteria...................................................................................2&

E+a"ple *inancial Capa#ility Criteria......................................................2'

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*inancial Sitation.............................................................................................2'

E+a"ple Spply Capacity Criteria.............................................................2'

Bidding *or"s..............................................................................................2(

Contry Eligi#ility........................................................................................2(

State"ent of Re,ire"ents.......................................................................30

!eli%ery and Co"pletion Sc'edle...........................................................31

Tec'nical Speci)cations and Co"pliance S'eet.....................................31

!ra-ings.......................................................................................................33

eneral Conditions of Contract.................................................................34

Special Conditions of Contract..................................................................34

&otes on t'e Letter of Acceptance...........................................................34

Letters to Unsccessfl Bidders...............................................................35

Bid Preparation and S#"ission...............................................................35

Bidding Period and Bid Receipt.................................................................35

Bid $pening..................................................................................................3%

C/APTER T/REE.............................................................................................. 3&

0. RESEARC/ 1ET/$!$L$ A&! $RA&I3ATI$&AL PR$*ILE..............3&

0.4 1et'odology.............................................................................................3&

0.4.4 Researc' !esign...................................................................................3&

0.4.0 Sorces of data.....................................................................................3&Pri"ary Sorce of !ata..................................................................................3&

Secondary Source o Data.............................................................................3&

!"#"$ Tar%et Population and Sa&ple Si'e...................................................3'

!"#"( Sa&plin% Techni)ue.............................................................................3'

!"#"* +ET,OD OF -N-./SIS -ND INTERPRET-TION.................................3'

!"#"0 Data Collection Instru&ents...............................................................3'

0.2.5 $rgani6ation of t'e stdy...................................................................3'

RE)ERE*CE+............................................................................................................ 50

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I first and foremost exress m! "o#e to A"mi$%t! ALLA& for %is '"essin$s on me e#er! da!d(rin$ and after t%e )or*+ next m! re#io(s ad#isor dear Mi%ret( Ke'ed and m! ,(rrent ad#isordear Me*onin Men$ist( for t%eir s(ort to me-

And a"so to m! "o#e"! 'rot%er A%med .ema" for %is s(ort I rea""! are,iate it-

Last"!+ I ne#er for$et m! ,"ass mates for t%eir friend s%i+ rea""! t%an* !o(-

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ABSTRACT

T%is resear,% reort )as ,arried o(t on t%e toi,+ 0E#a"(ation of oen 'iddin$ ra,ti,e in ,ase of

G(ra$e one+ We"*ite M or$ani3ation-4 T%e main o'5e,ti#e for t%is st(d! )as to examine %o),ometiti#e tenderin$ ,o("d 'e (sed as an effe,ti#e too" to a,%ie#e #a"(e for mone! in ('"i,se,tor ro,(rement at G(ra$e one+ We"*ite M or$ani3ation- T%e resear,%er administered

t)ent! 6278 9(estionnaires to some se"e,ted deartments in t%e or$ani3ation+ se,ifi,a""! t%e

ro,(rement (nit+ t%e stores deartment+ t%e a,,o(ntin$ deartment and t%en t%e en$ineerin$

deartment- T%e resear,%er (sed (rosi#e sam"in$ as a te,%ni9(e to $at%er am"e informationfor t%is )or*- B! (rosi#e sam"in$+ t%e resear,%er tar$eted t%ose deartments )it%in t%e

or$ani3ation )%ose dai"! a,ti#ities %a#e dire,t 'earin$ on ro,(rement- Information $at%ered

)ere ana"!3ed ,riti,a""! and resented in t%e form of ta'"es )%i,% is readi"! (nderstanda'"e- It)as fo(nd o(t from t%e ana"!ses t%at t%e G(ra$e one+ We"*ite M or$ani3ation (ses t%e

,ometiti#e tenderin$ met%ods in a)ardin$ most of t%eir ,ontra,ts t%ere'! ro,(rin$ $oods+

)or*s and ser#i,es at afforda'"e and ,ometiti#e ri,es- &o)e#er t%e ma5or ro'"em identified)as t%at+ t%e ro,esses in#o"#ed are seen to 'e ,om"ex more ese,ia""! for some ,ontra,tors and

t%ose em"o!ees )%o %a#e "itt"e *no)"ed$e in ro,(rement )%en it ,omes to )or*s and a"so t%e

ro'"em of o"iti,a" interferen,e -T%e resear,%er fina""! re,ommended t%at series of )or*s%os

and seminars s%o("d 'e or$ani3ed for 'ot% ro,(rement offi,ers ese,ia""! ne) ones )%o %a#e"itt"e *no)"ed$e in ra,ti,a" ro,(rement )%en it ,omes to )or*s and otentia" ,ontra,tors so

t%at t%e! )i"" %a#e more insi$%t into )%at $oes into t%e rearations or ro,essin$ of tender

do,(ments and "ast"! t%e :('"i, :ro,(rement A(t%orit! 6::A8 s%o("d instit(te meas(res tomonitor t%e ad%eren,e to t%e ('"i,

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C,-PTER ONE

4. I&TR$!UCTI$&

4.4 Bac7grond of t'e stdy

Procurement #s the !ct of !c,u#r#n- /u#n- -oods ser$#ces or "ors from !n

extern! source often $#! ! tender#n- or /#d rocess. t #s f!$or!/e th!t the

-oods ser$#ces or "ors !re !ror#!te !nd th!t the !re rocured !t the

/est oss#/e cost to meet the needs of the !c,u#rer #n terms of ,u!#t !nd

,u!nt#t t#me !nd oc!t#on. Coror!t#ons !nd u/#c /od#es often dene

rocesses #ntended to romote f!#r !nd oen comet#t#on for the#r /us#ness

"h#e m#n#m##n- exosure to fr!ud !nd cous#on.

Amost ! urch!s#n- dec#s#ons #ncude f!ctors such !s de#$er !nd

h!nd#n- m!r-#n! /enet !nd r#ce 6uctu!t#ons. Procurement -ener!

#n$o$es m!#n- /u#n- dec#s#ons under cond#t#ons of sc!rc#t. f -ood d!t! #s

!$!#!/e #t #s -ood r!ct#ce to m!e use of econom#c !n!s#s methods such

!s cost7/enet !n!s#s or cost7ut##t !n!ses.

An #mort!nt d#st#nct#on shoud /e m!de /et"een !n!ses "#thout r#s !nd

those "#th r#s. Where r#s #s #n$o$ed e#ther #n the costs or the /enets the

concet of exected $!ue m! /e emoed.

Direct procure&ent and indirect procure&ent

T/PES

Direct

procure&e

Indirect

procure&ent


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%oods

+aintenance2

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Capital

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f!c##t#es

9!sed on the consumt#on uroses of the !c,u#red -oods !nd ser$#cesrocurement !ct#$#t#es !re often s#t #nto t"o d#st#nct c!te-or#es. The rst

c!te-or /e#n- d#rect roduct#on7re!ted rocurement !nd the second /e#n-

#nd#rect non7roduct#on7re!ted rocurement.

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:#rect rocurement occurs #n m!nuf!ctur#n- sett#n-s on. t encom!sses !

#tems th!t !re !rt of n#shed roducts such !s r!" m!ter#! comonents

!nd !rts. :#rect rocurement "h#ch #s the focus #n su ch!#n

m!n!-ement d#rect !;ects the roduct#on rocess of m!nuf!ctur#n- rms.

n contr!st nd#rect rocurement !ct#$#t#es concern ce

su#es !nd m!ch#ne u/r#c!nts to comex !nd cost roducts !nd

ser$#ces?#e he!$ e,u#ment !nd consut#n- ser$#ces.

@!ue for mone #n u/#c rocurement #s !ch#e$ed throu-h ursu#n- the

o"est cut to dene comet#t#on #s restr#cted /

m!ret f!ctors or the /und#n- !nd tr!nsfer of rocurement r#ss e.-. u/#c7

r#$!te !rtnersh#sB.

As "e$e ! "#tnessed stron- comet#t#on /et"een su#ers -ener!

ushes do"n r#ces !nd ro$#des $!r#et #n the tes of sout#ons th!t c!n /e

m!tched to the #dent#ed needs of contr!ct !uthor#t#es. Tr!ns!renc !nd

!ccount!/##t must /e /!!nced "#th other -ood -o$ern!nce #mer!t#$es

such !s !dm#n#str!t#$e e>c#enc.

Ho"e$er suort#n- $!ue for mone re,u#res !ttent#on throu-hout the

ent#re rocurement cce. :ur#n- the re7tender#n- h!se for ex!me

underst!nd#n- #s re,u#red of the needs of contr!ct !uthor#t#es the essons

e!rned from re$#ous rocurements !s "e !s ! so#d -r!s of the m!ret.

:ur#n- the ost7!"!rd h!se e;ect#$e contr!ct m!n!-ement #s essent#! to

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ensur#n- th!t contr!ctors de#$er on t#me "#th#n /ud-et !nd !ccord#n- to the

needs !nd sec#c!t#ons #dent#ed / the contr!ct#n- !uthor#t.

f u/#c rocurement #s to /e successfu #n !ch#e$#n- $!ue for mone

contr!ct#n- !uthor#t#es shoudD f!ctor #n the "hoe of #fe cost "hen m!#n-

!"!rd dec#s#ons? !$o#d !n unnecess!r costs !nd de!s for themse$es !nd

su#ers? mon#tor the su !rr!n-ements !nd re$#s#t them #f the sto to

ro$#de the exected /enets? !nd ensure cont#nuous #mro$ement #n the

e>c#enc of #ntern! rocesses !nd sstems.

Ensur#n- $!ue for mone #s one of the ut#m!te !#mso/Fect#$es of the Pu/#c

Procurement Author#t PPAB !s "e !s ! u/#c sector or-!n#!t#ons s#nce

there #s den#te -o#n- to /e !ccount!/##t. As ! resut of th#s C!r#net# et !

200%B !mented on the f!ct th!t "#th e>c#ent rocurement r!ct#ces /oth

the u/#c !nd the r#$!te sectors ! ! e roe #n modern econom#es !s

the ensure reduct#on of "!stefu !ct#$#t#es. Ach#e$#n- such e>c!c #s !n

!m/#t#ous t!s !s rocurement f!ces numerous ch!en-es esec#! due to

the "or structure the e-! fr!me"or !nd the o#t#c! en$#ronment

rocurers f!ce.

ndeed #n recent e!rs u/#c !nd e$en r#$!te rocurement !ers h!$e set

u se$er! #n#t#!t#$es !nd net"ors !#med !t sh!r#n- /est rocurement

r!ct#ces. +ome ex!mes m! #ncude the ntern!t#on! )eder!t#on of

Purch!s#n- !nd m!ter#!s m!n!-ement )PMMB the ntern!t#on! urch!s#n-

!nd su Educ!t#on !nd Rese!rch Assoc#!t#on P+ERAB the Pu/#c

Procurement *et"or PP*B !nd the EG Pu/#c Procurement 8e!rn#n- !/ EG

8!/ 200372005B c!r#net# et ! 200%B !s "e !s th!t of the )eder! Reu/#c

of Eth#o#! c!ed the Pu/#c Procurement Author#t PPA 200(B.These

#n#t#!t#$es "ere t!en to ensure th!t the /est rocurement rocedures

comet#t#$e tender#n-B !re referred too.

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n Eth#o#! ho"e$er the Pu/#c rocurement Act %4( 200(B #s ex!#n "h#ch

the $!r#ous tender#n- methods !nd rocedures !re h#-h#-hted. +ect#on 35

74&B

The rese!rcher "# /!se h#s !r-uments on the /est tender#n-

methodsr!ct#ces comet#t#$e tender#n-B "h#ch !re toos for ensur#n- $!ue

for mone #n u/#c sector rocurements.

Procedures !nd cond#t#ons for comet#t#$e tender#n- !re ce!r #tem#ed #n

sect#on 35 of Act%4(.

Aso no"n !s the oen tender#n- e,u! oortun#t #s -#$en to ,u!#ed

su#ers to /#d for contr!cts. 8son !nd )!rr#n-ton.200%B.

The come #n the form of n!t#on! comet#t#$e tender#n- *CTB #ntern!t#on!

comet#t#$e tender#n- CTB !nd t"o st!-e tender#n- !nd restr#cted

tender#n- u/#c rocurement Act %4(.sect#on 35 3% 3'44!nd45B. These

!re the $!r#ous comet#t#$e methods of rocurement !$!#!/e !t the ! the

u/#c sector or-!n#!t#ons "hen #t comes to the !c,u#s#t#on of -oods "ors

!nd ser$#ces of "h#ch Eth#o#! #s not !n excet#on !s "e !s the ur!-e

Ione We#J#te ). or-!n#!t#on. t #s $er o/$#ous these d!s th!t e$en mostr#$!te sector or-!n#!t#ons m!e -ood use of the !/o$e ment#oned

methods to !ch#e$e $!ue for mone.

Current most :#str#ct fund for the#r roFects us#n- the ntern! ener!ted

)unds )B the :#str#ct Assem/ common funds !nd other donor !-enc#es.

t #s "e noted th!t the or-!n#!t#on sstem of tender#n- !nd !"!rd of

contr!cts !re /!sed on the terms !nd cond#t#ons out#ned #n the u/#c

rocurement Act %4(. Ho"e$er #f these cond#t#ons !re comrom#sed !nd

contr!cts !re /e#n- tendered for !nd !"!rded !nho" to "hom ou no".B

Then the urose for "h#ch the Act "!s en!cted "# /e #n $!#n.

Thus there "oudnt /e comet#t#$e contr!ctu! de!s !nd once th#s h!ens

#t "# !$e "! for contr!ctors to m#s!ror#!te our #m#ted resources

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there/ ro$#d#n- shodd "orsroFects "h#ch "# #ntend need to /e

reno$!ted or re7!"!rded "hen the !re !/!ndoned / these sesh

contr!ctors. Hence $!ue for mone c!nnot /e !ch#e$ed /ut r!ther c!uses

n!nc#! ost to the st!te !nd the or-!n#!t#on.

4.2 State"ent of t'e pro#le"

An e;ect#$e me!ns of ensur#n- $!ue for mone #n the !"!rd of contr!ct #s

/ !o"#n- ! !/e or ,u!#ed contr!ctors or su#ers to /#d or tender for

contr!cts comet#t#$e tender#n-B er sect#on 35744 of Act %4(. t c!n /e

deduced from the !/o$e st!tement th!t the comet#t#$e tender#n- method

"# ro$#de ! r!n-e of $!r#et of contr!ctors "#th $!r#et of -oods "ors !nd

ser$#ces "#th#n "h#ch !n or-!n#!t#on c!n seect the /est !$!#!/e ot#on !

th#n-s /e#n- e,u!.

Ho"e$er the oos#te #s en$#s!-ed #n most u/#c sector or-!n#!t#ons these

d!s !s contr!cts !re /e#n- !"!rded to some #ncometent contr!ctors "ho

throu-h du/#ous me!ns nd the#r "!s #nto the rocurement net !nd

m#s!ror#!te st!te funds !oc!ted to them #n the n!me of cont!ct de!s.

And somet#mes u/#c or-!n#!t#on rocure !-er s#e -oods !nd ser$#ce

"#thout foo"#n- the !" !nd d#rect#$es of the count. The rese!rch "or

therefore sees to ex!m#ne comet#t#$e tender#n- !s !n e;ect#$e too #n

ensur#n- $!ue for mone #n u/#c sector rocurement sec#c! !t the

ur!-e Ione We#te c#t !dm#n#str!t#on Wo#te ).M .

More so the #nterference of some o#t#c! -ures #n the "hoe tender#n-

rocess #tsef u to the !"!rd st!-e so to s! m!es the rocess $uner!/e

s#nce the /est tender#n- rocedures !re comrom#sed.

There for th#s rese!rch stud "# focus on the foo"#n- /!s#c stud ,uest#ons

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4.8 Researc' ,estions

Wh!t #nds method "!s #memented #n order to ensure $!ue for mone

dur#n- rocure !r-er s#e or-!n#!t#on! -oods !nd ser$#ceK

Ho" often the rocurement un#t foo" the u/#c rocurement roc!m!t#on!nd d#rect#$esK

Wh!t roe does the or-!n#!t#on rocurement un#t ! #n the tender#n- !nd

the !"!rd of contr!ctsK

Ho" does the oen tender#n- method he #n !ch#e$#n- $!ue for moneK

Wh!t !re the ro/ems encountered #n the tender#n- rocessesK

4.0. $#9ecti%es of t'e stdy.

4.0.4. eneral o#9ecti%e.

Th#s rese!rch stud "# /e conducted / the -ener! o/Fect#$e ofex!m#n#n-

ho" comet#t#$e tender#n- coud /e used !s !n e;ect#$e too to !ch#e$e

$!ue for mone #n u/#c sector rocurement !t the ur!-e Ione We#te ).M

Or-!n#!t#on.

4.0.2. Speci)c o#9ecti%es.

The sec#c o/Fect#$es see toD

7 Ascert!#n the tender#n- methods used / the ur!-e Ione We#te ).M

Or-!n#!t#on "hen #t comes to the !"!rd of contr!ctsroFects.

7 Ex!m#ne the roe of the rocurement un#t #n the tender#n- rocedures !nd

the !"!rd of contr!ct.

7 Ex!m#ne #f the tender#n- rocedures !doted / the or-!n#!t#on ensure

$!ue for mone.

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7 #$e recommend!t#ons !nd su--est#ons to"!rds #mro$#n- tender#n-

rocedures #n the ur!-e Ione We#te ).M Or-!n#!t#on

4.: Signi)cance of t'e stdy.

Th#s rese!rch "or #s of much #mort!nce to the or-!n#!t#on under stud

"hen #t comes to the rocurement of -oods "ors !nd ser$#ces us#n- st!te

funds !nd !so to ! u/#c sector or-!n#!t#ons !s "e !s other r#$!te

com!n#es "h#ch see $!ue for mone #n the#r d! to d! urch!ses s#nce #t

"!s ser$e !s ! reference note.

Add#t#on! #t "!s ser$e !s ! -u#de for further stud#es for students "ho !re

ursu#n- the s!me ro-r!m.

And !st #t "!s ser$e !s ! -u#de to the Pu/#c Procurement Author#t PPAB

"hen the "!nt to or-!n#e "orshos sem#n!rs etc for u/#c sector

or-!n#!t#ons on ho" to #mro$e uon the#r rocurement funct#ons.

4.; Li"itations of t'e Stdy

As hum!n !s the rese!rcher m!n "ere the d#>cut#es #n tr#n- to com#e

!de,u!te m!ter#!s for th#s "or.

The rst of #ts #nd "!s #n!de,u!te funds to tr!nsort the "r#ter to the stud

!re! to -!ther r!" d!t! for rocess#n- !s "e !s other ree$!nt #nform!t#on

on the to#c. +t# on funds the cost of r#nt#n- out ,uest#onn!#res !nd the

tr!nsort!t#on cost "oud #n$o$e #n !dm#n#ster#n- them /othered "#th the

#m#ted t#me "#th#n "h#ch to do so !nd n! the cost #n$o$ed #n the n!

r#nt out !nd /#nd#n- of th#s "or !so ose ! -re!t ch!en-e to the

rese!rcher.

The next ro/em !!rt from the #m#ted funds "ere the d#>cut#es the

rese!rcher "ont throu-h #n tr#n- to oc!te reference /oos !t the #/r!r !nd

the fe" ones !$!#!/e too "# under ressure s#nce other coe!-ues !so

need to use them.

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8!st /ut not the e!st "!s com/#n- !c!dem#c "or "#th the "r#t#n- of th#s

rese!rch "or "# $er t#resome d#>cut !nd stressfu.

4.< Scope of t'e stdy

The stud focused on E$!u!t#on of oen tender#n- r!ct#ce #n c!se of

ur!-e Ion We#te ).M. Th#s stud "!s restr#ct on ur!-e IoneWo#te ).M

or-!n#et#n rocurement un#t n!nce o>cer !nd users de!rtment. The !#m

of the stud "# -ener! to E$!u!te the r!ct#ce of oen tender#n- !s !

too for $!ue for mone #n c!se of ur!-e Ione We#te ).M.

9ut ho"e$er the c!se m! /e !#m of the stron-est con$#ct#on th!t most

u/#c sectors encounter s#m#!r ro/ems !nd for th!t m!tter !n!s#s !nd

recommend!t#ons "!s m!e #n the end m! -o ! on- "! to he.

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CHAPTER TWO

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Gnder )eder! :emocr!t#c Reu/#c of Eth#o#! Pu/#c Procurement !nd

Proert :#sos! +er$#ce the Proc!m!t#on !nd :#rect#$es on Pu/#c

Procurement det!# the fu rocurement rocesses rues !nd rocedures !nd

the rocurement methods to /e foo"ed / Procur#n- Ent#t#es. Accord#n-there #s st!nd!rd /#dd#n- document +9:B !t n!t#on! e$e de$eoed / the

feder! democr!t#c reu/#c of Eth#o#!. Th#s +9: for the Procurement of

oods #s su#t!/e for use under Oen ntern!t#on! Tender#n- e#ther "#th or

"#thout re7,u!#c!t#on. t #s !so su#t!/e for use under

Restr#cted Tender#n- !nd hence sho" ! the tender#n- r!ct#ce undert!en #n

Eth#o#!. n !dd#t#on !n !tern!t#$e +9: #s !$!#!/e for Oen !nd Restr#cted

*!t#on! Tender#n-. Hence to see the o$er! r!ct#ce ets /e-#n "#th the

Te !nd scoe of contr!ct.

Methods of Procurement

The foo"#n- methods sh! /e used #n u/#c rocurementD

!B Oen 9#dd#n-?

/B Re,uest for Proos!s?

cB T"o st!-e Tender#n-?

dB Restr#cted Tender#n-?

eB Re,uest for Luot!t#on?

1;


15/58

fB :#rect Procurement.

Excet !s other"#se ro$#ded #n th#s

Proc!m!t#on u/#c /od#es sh! use oen /#dd#n- !s the referred

rocedure of rocurement.

Pu/#c /od#es m! use ! method other th!n oen /#dd#n- on "here

cond#t#ons for use of such other method st#u!ted under th#s

Proc!m!t#on !re s!t#sed.

Pu/#c /od#es sh! not s#t rocurement re,u#rements for ! -#$en

,u!nt#t of -oods "ors or ser$#ces "#th the #ntent#on of !$o#d#n- the

referred rocurement rocedure st!ted under th#s Proc!m!t#on or #n

the rocurement d#rect#$e.

Public Private Partnership

The M#n#ster m! #ssue d#rect#$e rescr#/#n- the rues -o$ern#n- the

form!t#on of Pu/#c Pr#$!te P!rtnersh# !nd the modes of #mement!t#on of

such !rtnersh#.

PROCEDURE OF OPEN TENDERING

-dvertise&ents

1B n$#t!t#on to /#d sh! /e !d$ert#sed #n !t e!st one t#mes #n ! n!t#on!

ne"s !er of -ener! c#rcu!t#on "h#ch #s u/#shed #n the !n-u!-e the

/#dd#n- document #s re!red.

2B Where the u/#c /od nds #t necess!r #t m! #n !dd#t#on to the

med#um ment#oned #n su/ !rt#ce 1B of th#s Art#ce !d$ert#se the /#d on !

n!t#on! r!d#o !nd tee$#s#on.

3B The t#me !o"ed for re!r!t#on of /#ds sh! not /e ess th!n the

m#n#mum num/er of d!s st!ted #n the rocurement d#rect#$es.

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16/58

Invitation to 6id

A!rt from cont!#n#n- the foo"#n- !rt#cu!rs the #n$#t!t#on to /#d sh! /e

re!red #n !ccord!nce "#th the st!nd!rd /#dd#n- document to /e de$eoed

/ the A-encD

!B The n!me !nd !ddress of the u/#c /od?

/B A /r#ef descr#t#on of the -oods "ors or ser$#ces to /e rocured?

cB The me!ns !nd cond#t#ons for o/t!#n#n- the /#dd#n- documents !nd the

!ce from "h#ch the m! /e o/t!#ned?

dB The !ce !nd de!d#ne for the su/m#ss#on of /#ds? !nd

eB The !ce !nd t#me for oen#n- of /#ds !on- "#th !n !nnouncement th!t

/#dders or the#r reresent!t#$es !re !o"ed to !ttend !t the oen#n- of /#ds.

6iddin% Docu&ents

The /#dd#n- documents sh! cont!#n su>c#ent #nform!t#on to en!/e

comet#t#on !mon- the /#dders to t!e !ce on the /!s#s of comete

neutr! !nd o/Fect#$e terms. n !rt#cu!r /#dd#n- documents must #ncudeD

!B nstruct#ons for the re!r!t#on !nd su/m#ss#on of /#ds?

/B nform!t#on !/out the n! d!te for rece#t of /#ds the !ddress to "h#ch

/#ds must /e sent the d!te hour !nd !ce of oen#n- !s "e !s !n

!nnouncement th!t /#dders or the#r reresent!t#$es !re !o"ed to !ttend

the oen#n- ceremon?

cB /#d su/m#ss#on forms !nd "here !#c!/e forms of /#d secur#t to /e

ro$#ded?

dB The num/er of co#es to /e su/m#tted "#th the or#-#n! /#d?

eB The -ener! !nd sec#c cond#t#ons of the contr!ct?

1=


17/58

fB +ec#c!t#on of re,u#rements #ncud#n- t#me #m#t for de#$er or

comet#on of the t!s !s !ror#!te?

-B E$#dence to /e ro$#ded / the /#dder to demonstr!te #ts ,u!#c!t#ons !s

"e !s #ts sc! !nd e-! st!nd#n-?

hB The er#od dur#n- "h#ch the /#d rem!#ns #n force?

#B The cr#ter#! !nd the o#nts -#$en to e!ch cr#ter#on for e$!u!t#on of /#ds

!nd !"!rd of the contr!ct?

FB A reser$!t#on to the e;ect th!t the u/#c /od m! reFect ! /#ds !t !n

t#me r#or to the not#c!t#on of !"!rd? !nd

B The r#ce !dFustments th!t m! /e m!de dur#n- contr!ct

#mement!t#on !nd the cond#t#ons !nd the m!nner under "h#ch such r#ce

!dFustments c!n /e m!de to sec#! rocurements rescr#/ed / the

M#n#ster.

Provision o 6iddin% Docu&ents

1B 9#d documents sh! /e m!de !$!#!/e to c!nd#d!tes !t ! r#ce not

exceed#n- the cost of reroduct#on !nd de#$er of such documents to

c!nd#d!tes.

2B The /#dd#n- document sh! /e de#$ered to c!nd#d!tes on "or#n- d!s

/et"een the d!te of u/#c!t#on of the #n$#t!t#on to /#d !nd the cos#n- d!te

of the /#d !nd #n the m!nner sec#ed #n the #n$#t!t#on to /#d.

3B Where #t deems #t to /e !ror#!te the u/#c /od m! m!e the /#dd#n-

document !$!#!/e to c!nd#d!tes free of ch!r-e.

+odi7cations to 6iddin% Docu&ents

1B At !n t#me r#or to the de!d#ne for su/m#ss#on of /#ds the u/#c /od

m! on #ts o"n #n#t#!t#$e or #n resonse to !n #n,u#r / ! c!nd#d!te h!$#n-

1>


18/58

urch!sed the /#dd#n- documents mod#f the /#dd#n- documents / #ssu#n-

!n !ddendum "h#ch /ecomes !n #nte-r! !rt of the /#dd#n- documents.

2B An !ddendum sh! /e commun#c!ted romt to ! c!nd#d!tes h!$#n-

urch!sed the /#d documents !t the s!me t#me.

3B f the u/#c /od cons#ders #t necess!r to !mend the /#dd#n- documents

!nd #f #t determ#nes th!t there #s no enou-h t#me to #ncoror!te the

mod#c!t#on #t m! ostone the cos#n- d!te / ! num/er of d!s

deend#n- on the rocurement o/Fect "h#ch #s su>c#ent to en!/e the

/#dders to t!e the !ddendum #nto !ccount #n re!r#n- the#r /#ds.

6id Security

1B Pu/#c /od#es sh! #ncude #n the /#dd#n- documents ! cond#t#on th!t /#ds

must /e !ccom!n#ed / ! /#d secur#t. The !mount of such /#d secur#t

sh! /e su>c#ent to d#scour!-e #rresons#/e /#dders.

2B *ot"#thst!nd#n- the ro$#s#on of su/7!rt#ce

1B of th#s Art#ce rocurement #n resect of "h#ch /#d secur#t #s re,u#red

!nd the !mount of /#d secur#t thereof #s to /e rescr#/ed / the d#rect#$e to

/e #ssued / the M#n#ster.

3 A /#d secur#t "# /e forfe#ted #f ! /#dder "#thdr!"s h#s /#d "#th#n the

$!#d#t er#od thereof or #n the c!se of ! successfu /#dder #f the /#dder

1?


19/58

reud#!tes the contr!ct or f!#s to furn#sh erform!nce secur#t #f so

re,u#red.

Sub&ission and Receipt o 6ids

1 9#ds sh! /e su/m#tted #n "r#t#n- s#-ned !nd #n ! se!ed en$eoe to the

!ce !nd /efore the de!d#ne st!ted #n the #n$#t!t#on to /#d.

2 The u/#c /od sh! -#$e ! rece#t to the /#dder #nd#c!t#n- the t#me !nd

d!te on "h#ch the /#d document "!s su/m#tted "here #t /ecomes

#moss#/e to ut the /#d document #n ! /#d /ox due to #ts !r-e s#e.

3 W#thout reFud#ce to the ro$#s#ons of su/ !rt#ce

2B of th#s Art#ce ! /#d document rece#$ed !fter the de!d#ne for su/m#ss#on

sh! /e returned unoened to the /#dder.

Openin% o 6ids

1 At the t#me st#u!ted #n the /#dd#n- document for oen#n- of /#ds "h#ch

shoud foo" #mmed#!te !fter the de!d#ne for su/m#ss#on of /#ds the

u/#c /od sh! oen ! /#ds rece#$ed /efore the de!d#ne.

2 The n!me of the /#dder !nd the tot! !mount of e!ch /#d d#scounts

o;ered !nd !n such #nform!t#on !s the u/#c /od deems necess!r to et

the /#dders no" the#r re!t#$e r!n sh! /e re!d out !oud !nd recorded !nd

! co of the record sh! /e m!de !$!#!/e to !n /#dder on re,uest.

3. *ot"#thst!nd#n- the ro$#s#ons of su/ !rt#ce 2B of th#s Art#ce the

en$eoe cont!#n#n- the r#ce o;ered / the /#dder sh! /e re!d !fter the

e$!u!t#on of the techn#c! roos! "here techn#c! !nd n!nc#! roos!s

!re su/m#tted #n t"o se!r!te en$eos.

E5a&ination and Evaluation o 6ids

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20/58

1B The u/#c /od m! !s /#dders for c!r#c!t#on of the#r /#ds #n order to

!ss#st #n the ex!m#n!t#on !nd e$!u!t#on of /#ds? ho"e$er no ch!n-e #n the

su/st!nce of the /#d #ncud#n- ch!n-es #n r#ce sh! /e sou-ht o;ered or

erm#tted.

2B *ot"#thst!nd#n- su/7!rt#ce 1B of th#s Art#ce the u/#c /od sh! correct

!r#thmet#c! errors th!t !re d#sco$ered dur#n- the ex!m#n!t#on of /#ds. The

u/#c /od sh! -#$e romt not#ce of !n such correct#on to the /#dder th!t

su/m#tted the /#d.

3B W#thout rec##ce to su/7!rt#ce 4B of th#s Art#ce the u/#c /od m!

re-!rd ! /#d !s resons#$e on #f #t conforms to s!#ent re,u#rements set

forth #n the /#dd#n- documents.

4B The u/#c /od m! re-!rd ! /#d !s resons#$e e$en #f #t cont!#ns m#nor

de$#!t#ons th!t do not m!ter#! !ter or de!rt from the ch!r!cter#st#cs

terms cond#t#ons !nd other re,u#rement set forth #n /#dd#n- documents or #f

#t cont!#ns errors or o$ers#-hts th!t !re c!!/e of /e#n- corrected "#thout

touch#n- on the su/st!nce of the /#d. An such de$#!t#ons sh! /e

,u!nt#ed to the extent oss#/e !nd !ror#!te t!en !ccount of #n the

e$!u!t#on !nd com!r#son of /#ds.

5B An u/#c /od sh! not !"!rd ! contr!ct "henD

!B The /#dder h!s f!#ed to demonstr!te #n the m!nner ro$#ded #n Art#ce

2'1B of th#s Proc!m!t#on th!t #t #s ,u!#ed?

/B The /#dder does not !ccet ! correct#on of !n !r#thmet#c! error m!de

ursu!nt to su/7!rt#ce 2B of th#s Art#ce?

cB The /#d #s not resons#$e.

%B n the rocess of seect#n- the successfu /#dder the u/#c /od sh! on

cons#der su/st!nt#! resons#$e /#ds for further e$!u!t#on !nd com!r#son

!s dened #n su/ !rt#ce

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'B Of th#s Art#ce #n !ccord!nce "#th the cr#ter#! set forth #n the /#dd#n-

documents. *o cr#ter#on sh! /e used th!t h!s not /een set forth #n the

/#dd#n- documents.

&B *o /#dder m! /e re,u#red to ch!n-e the r#ce o;ered #n h#s /#d or

other"#se mod#f h#s roos! or to !ssume o/#-!t#on to do so excet !s set

forth #n the /#dd#n- document.

'B The successfu /#d sh! /eD

!B The /#d th!t #s found to /e resons#$e to the techn#c! re,u#rements !nd

"#th the o"est e$!u!ted r#ce?

/B f the u/#c /od h!s so st#u!ted #n the /#dd#n- documents the /#d

o;er#n-

/etter econom#c !d$!nt!-e !scert!#ned on the /!s#s of f!ctors !;ect#n- the

econom#c $!ue of the /#d "h#ch h!$e /een sec#ed #n the /#dd#n-

documents "h#ch f!ctors sh! to the extent r!ct#c!/e /e o/Fect#$e !nd

,u!nt#!/e !nd sh! /e -#$en ! re!t#$e "e#-ht #n the e$!u!t#on rocedure

or /e exressed #n monet!r terms "here$er r!ct#c!/e?

cB Where #t #s !scert!#ned #n ost e$!u!t#on of /#ds th!t the e-! n!nc#!

!nd techn#c! st!nd#n- of the c!nd#d!te seected !s the successfu /#dder #n

!ccord!nce "#th !r!-r!h !B or /B of th#s su/7!rt#ce conforms to the

re,u#rements st!ted #n the /#dd#n- document.

(B The u/#c /od sh! re!re !n e$!u!t#on reort cont!#n#n- ! summ!r

of the ex!m#n!t#on !nd e$!u!t#on of /#ds.

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Type and Scope of Contract

Th#s +9: #s su#t!/e for !n scoe of #ntended contr!ct #ncud#n- s#me

su !nd de#$er contr!cts !nd those for su de#$er #nst!!t#on !nd

comm#ss#on#n-. Atern!t#$e sec#!#ed +9:s !re !$!#!/e for the

rocurement of text /oos he!th sector -oods !nd T sstems.

Selection of Bidders

The method for seect#on of 9#dders "# deend on the rocurement method

/e#n- used !nd "hether or not ! re7,u!#c!t#on h!s /een conducted.

Where Oen Tender#n- #s used "#thout re,u!#c!t#on the PE must u/#sh

!n n$#t!t#on to 9#d not#ce so th!t /#dd#n- #s oen to ! #nterested /#dders. Ast!nd!rd form!t "#th -u#d!nce notes on #ts comet#on #s ro$#ded !ter #n

th#s Gser u#de. The n$#t!t#on to 9#d *ot#ce must /e !ro$ed / the Tender

Comm#ttee /efore u/#c!t#on.

The not#ce must /e u/#shed #n !t e!st one n!t#on! ne"s!er of -ener!

c#rcu!t#on. Where tender#n- #s #ntern!t#on! the not#ce must !so /e

u/#shed #n ! ne"s!er us#n- the s!me !n-u!-e !s the not#ce !nd of

su>c#ent c#rcu!t#on to !ttr!ct fore#-n comet#t#on. *ot#ces shoud !so /e

u/#shed on the #nternet "here$er oss#/e. PEs shoud !so ensure th!t

/#dd#n- documents !re n!#ed !nd !ro$ed /efore u/#sh#n- the

n$#t!t#on to 9#d not#ce to !$o#d !n de!s #n the rocess.

Where Oen Tender#n- #s used "#th re7,u!#c!t#on the /#dders #n$#ted "#

/e those seected dur#n- the re7,u!#c!t#on rocess. There #s therefore no

need to u/#sh !n n$#t!t#on to 9#d not#ce /ut the /#dd#n- document shoud

/e !ccom!n#ed / !n n$#t!t#on to 9#d etter. A s!me etter !nd

-u#d!nce notes on comet#n- #t !re #ncuded !ter #n th#s Gser u#de. The

etter shoud /e !ro$ed / the Tender Comm#ttee !t the s!me t#me !s the

/#dd#n- document.

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23/58

Where Restr#cted Tender#n- #s used the /#dders #n$#ted "# /e those #ncuded

on the short#st. There #s norm! no need to u/#sh !n n$#t!t#on to 9#d

not#ce /ut the /#dd#n- document shoud /e !ccom!n#ed / !n #n$#t!t#on to

/#d etter. Ho"e$er "here restr#cted tender#n- #s used on the -rounds th!t

there !re ! #m#ted num/er of /#dders !/e to su the -oods ! not#ce

must /e u/#shed !t e!st 15 d!s /efore the #ssue of the /#dd#n- document.

Th#s not#ce "# o;er !n !dd#t#on! /#dders the oortun#t to exress the#r

#nterest #n /e#n- !dded to the short#st. A s!me etter !nd -u#d!nce notes

on comet#n- !n #n$#t!t#on to /#d etter !re #ncuded !ter #n th#s Gser u#de.

The etter shoud /e !ro$ed / the Tender Comm#ttee !t the s!me t#me !s

the /#dd#n- document. The short#st must #ncude su>c#ent /#dders to ensure

e;ect#$e comet#t#on !nd shoud /e !ro$ed / the Tender Comm#ttee !t

the s!me t#me !s the /#dd#n- documents.

Preparing and Issing a Bidding !oc"ent

The Procurement Gn#t #s resons#/e for the re!r!t#on !nd #ssue of the

9#dd#n- :ocument /ut must o/t!#n !ro$! of the document from the

Tender Comm#ttee /efore #ssu#n- the document or u/#sh#n- !n n$#t!t#on

to 9#d *ot#ce. The Procurement Gn#t must use the !ror#!te +9: !s th#s #s

! m!nd!tor re,u#rement for contr!cts to /e funded / the o$ernment of

the )eder! :emocr!t#c Reu/#c of Eth#o#!. n dec#d#n- the de!d#ne for 9#d

+u/m#ss#on the Procurement Gn#t sh! !o" 9#dders su>c#ent t#me for

o/t!#n#n- !nd stud#n- the 9#dd#n- :ocument re!r#n- comete !nd

resons#$e /#ds !nd su/m#tt#n- the /#ds. Procur#n- Ent#t#es !re re,u#red to

com "#th the m#n#mum /#dd#n- er#ods -#$en #n the Re-u!t#ons.

Where ! 9#d *ot#ce h!s /een u/#shed the PE must #ssue 9#dd#n-

:ocuments romt to ! 9#dders "ho re,uest them !nd ! !n re,u#red

fees. A record must /e et of the 9#dders to "hom 9#dd#n- :ocuments h!$e

/een #ssued. Rece#ts must /e #ssued for ! fees !#d. Where the 9#dd#n-

:ocument #s #ssued to re7,u!#ed or short7#sted /#dders the documents

2/


24/58

must /e #ssued to ! /#dders !t the s!me t#me !nd must /e #ssued e!r

enou-h to ensure com#!nce "#th the m#n#mum /#dd#n- er#od -#$en #n the

:#rect#$es. A record must /e et of the #ssue of ! /#dd#n- documents.

The Procur#n- Ent#t !nd 9#dder shoud ee #n m#nd th!tD

The Procur#n- Ent#t #s resons#/e for the re!r!t#on !nd #ssu#n- of

the 9#dd#n- :ocument.

The Procur#n- Ent#t sh! use the +9: #ssued / the Pu/#c

Procurement A-enc !s th#s #s ! m!nd!tor re,u#rement for contr!cts

funded / Pu/#c )unds.

The Procur#n- Ent#t shoud re!re 9#dd#n- :ocuments us#n- the

u/#shed $ers#on of the +9: "#thout suress#n- or !dd#n- text to the

sect#ons of the document to /e used "#thout mod#c!t#on.

The Procur#n- Ent#t sh! !o" 9#dders su>c#ent t#me for stud#n- the

9#dd#n- :ocument re!r#n- comete !nd resons#$e /#ds !nd

su/m#tt#n- the /#ds.

Bid Preparation and S#"ission

The 9#dder #s resons#/e for the re!r!t#on !nd su/m#ss#on of #ts 9#d.

:ur#n- th#s st!-e the Procur#n- Ent#t sh!D

Promt resond to re,uests for c!r#c!t#ons from 9#dders !nd

!mend !s needed the 9#dd#n- :ocuments.

Amend the 9#dd#n- :ocuments on "#th the !ror#!te !ro$!s #n

!ccord!nce "#th the Procur#n- Ent#ts rocedures !nd the Pu/#c

Procurement Proc!m!t#on.

Bidding Period and Bid Receipt

2;


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:ur#n- the /#dd#n- er#od the Procur#n- Ent#t sh!D

1. Hod !n re /#d meet#n- !nd #ssue m#nutes romt?

2. Promt resond to re,uests for c!r#c!t#ons from 9#dders?

3. ssue !mendments to the 9#dd#n- :ocuments #f necess!r?

4. Rece#$e !nd record se!ed /#ds from 9#dders or m!e ! 9#d 9ox !$!#!/e

u to the de!d#ne for /#d su/m#ss#on?

5. Cose /#dd#n- !t the rec#se d!te !nd t#me of the de!d#ne !nd ensure th!t

no !te /#ds !re rece#$ed?

%. Nee ! /#ds rece#$ed secure unt# the t#me for /#d oen#n-.

Bid $pening

The Tender Comm#ttee of the Procur#n- Ent#t #s resons#/e for the 9#d

Oen#n- "h#ch #s ! cr#t#c! e$ent #n the /#dd#n- rocess. The Tender

Comm#ttee must remem/er th!t #n!ror#!te rocedures !t 9#d Oen#n- !re

usu! #rre$ers#/e !nd m! re,u#re c!nce!t#on of the 9#dd#n- Process "#ththe conse,uent de!s !nd "!ste of t#me !nd resources.

Bid E%alation

The Tender Comm#ttee !ss#sted / ! Techn#c! Comm#ttee #f re,u#red #s

resons#/e for the e$!u!t#on of ! /#ds rece#$ed. The Tender Comm#ttee

must remem/er th!t m#st!es comm#tted !t /#d e$!u!t#on m! !ter romt

com!#nts from 9#dders re,u#r#n- ree$!u!t#on of the /#ds "#th the

conse,uent de!s !nd "!ste of t#me !nd resources. The Tender Comm#ttee

sh!D

M!#nt!#n the /#d e$!u!t#on rocess str#ct condent#!

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26/58

ReFect !n !ttemts or ressures to d#stort the outcome of the e$!u!t#on

#ncud#n- fr!ud !nd corrut#on

+tr#ct ! on !nd ! of the e$!u!t#on !nd ,u!#c!t#on cr#ter#!

sec#ed #n the 9#dd#n- :ocuments to determ#ne the o"est e$!u!ted /#d

!nd to m!e ! recommend!t#on for !"!rd of contr!ct.

Gon comet#on of the 9#d E$!u!t#on the Tender Comm#ttee sh! /e

re,uested to m!e ! Contr!ct A"!rd recommend!t#on to the he!d of the

Procur#n- Ent#t. t #s #mort!nt to note th!t the Contr!ct A"!rd dec#s#on /

the he!d of the Procur#n- Ent#t #s not ! contr!ct #t #s ! dec#s#on to !"!rd

contr!ct to the /#dder "ho su/m#tted the o"est e$!u!ted /#d.

Bid Acceptance and Contract A-ard and Place"ent

9#d !ccet!nce !nd !"!rd !nd !cement of ! contr!ct c!n /e confus#n- for

/oth !rt#es #f there #s not ! rec#se !nd sec#ed rocedure for !"!rd of

contr!cts. The rocedure sec#ed #n the

Proc!m!t#on !nd :#rect#$es ro$#des ! se,uence of e$ents /!sed on theneed to reco-n#e 9#dders r#-hts to !e! !-!#nst the conduct of the

e$!u!t#on !nd the need for ! contr!ct to /e !ced !s soon !s #s r!ct#c!

!fter ! dec#s#on to !"!rd h!s /een !ro$ed. The foo"#n- rocedure #s

re,u#red under the Proc!m!t#on !nd :#rect#$esD

The he!d of the Procur#n- Ent#t m!es ! contr!ct !"!rd dec#s#on

/!sed on the recommend!t#on of the Tender Comm#ttee.

The Procur#n- Ent#t not#es ! 9#dders of the resut of the e$!u!t#on.

After ! er#od of $e "or#n- d!s #f no com!#nt h!s /een rece#$ed

/ the Procur#n-

2=


27/58

Ent#t the PE !"!rds the contr!ct / #ssu#n- ! 8etter of Accet!nce to the

successfu /#dder.

The contr!ct "# /e conrmed / #ssue of ! fu conformed Contr!ct

:ocument.

PEs shoud note th!t the 8etter of Accet!nce !nd the Contr!ct :ocument

shoud not cont!#n !n ro$#s#ons or cond#t#ons "h#ch $!r from those #n the

9#dd#n- :ocument or the 9#dders 9#d #ncud#n- !n su/se,uent

c!r#c!t#ons. An such mod#c!t#ons shoud /e !-reed / the 9#dder #n

"r#t#n- /efore ! contr!ct !"!rd dec#s#on #s m!de. The Contr!ct :ocument

comr#ses those !ers cont!#ned !t +ect#on ( of the 9#dd#n- :ocument !nd

#t #s !t the st!-e of contr!ct !"!rd th!t these c!n /e cometed.

In%itation to Bid &otices

n$#t!t#on to 9#d *ot#ces must /e u/#shed under the Oen Tender#n-

method uness ! re,u!#c!t#on h!s /een conducted. The !re des#-ned to

ro$#de #nform!t#on th!t en!/es otent#! /#dders to dec#de "hether to

!rt#c#!te #n ! /#dd#n- rocess. A!rt from the essent#! #tems #sted #n the

dr!ft /eo" the n$#t!t#on to 9#d *ot#ce shoud !so #nd#c!te !n #mort!nt

/#d e$!u!t#on cr#ter#!

for ex!me the !#c!t#on of ! m!r-#n of reference #n /#d e$!u!t#onB or

,u!#c!t#on re,u#rement ! m#n#mum e$e of turno$er or exer#enceB.

The n$#t!t#on to 9#d *ot#ce #s for u/#c!t#on uroses on !nd #s not ! !rt

of the 9#dd#n- :ocuments. A /r#ef descr#t#on of the te of oods !nd

Re!ted +er$#ces shoud /e ro$#ded #ncud#n- ,u!nt#t#es oc!t#on of roFect

!nd other #nform!t#on necess!r to en!/e otent#! /#dders to dec#de

"hether to resond to the #n$#t!t#on

In%itation to Bid Letters

2>


28/58

n$#t!t#on to 9#d etters !re #ssued to short7#sted /#dders under Restr#cted

Tender#n- or "here /#dders h!$e /een re7,u!#ed. The !re used to #n$#te

sec#c 9#dders "ho !re fet to h!$e the rere,u#s#te s#s c!!c#t or

,u!#c!t#ons to fu ! re,u#rement. The etter shoud /e s#-ned !nd the

se! of the

Procur#n- Ent#t shoud /e !>xed. A /r#ef descr#t#on of the te of oods

!nd Re!ted +er$#ces shoud /e ro$#ded #ncud#n- ,u!nt#t#es oc!t#on of

roFect !nd other #nform!t#on necess!r to en!/e otent#! /#dders to

dec#de "hether to resond to the #n$#t!t#on. f 9#dd#n- :ocuments re,u#re

/#dders to h!$e sec#c exer#ence or c!!/##t#es such restr#ct#ons shoud

/e #ncuded #n th#s !r!-r!h.

t shoud /e noted th!t the n$#t!t#on to 9#d 8etter shoud /e !ddressed to !

9#dders th!t h!$e e#ther re7,u!#ed or h!$e /een seected for restr#cted

tender#n- so th!t e!ch 8etter #nd#c!tes the n!mes of ! 9#dders th!t h!$e

/een #n$#ted to /#d. Add#t#on! #nform!t#on such !s det!#s of !n roosed

re /#d meet#n- shoud !so /e #ncuded #n the #n$#t!t#on to /#d etter.

Bid !ata S'eet

The 9#d :!t! +heet 9:+B cont!#ns #nform!t#on !nd ro$#s#ons th!t !re

sec#c to ! !rt#cu!r /#dd#n- rocess. The Procur#n- Ent#t must sec#f #n

the 9:+ on the #nform!t#on th!t the T9 re,uest /e sec#ed #n the 9:+. A

#nform!t#on sh! /e ro$#ded? no c!use sh! /e eft /!n. To f!c##t!te the

re!r!t#on of the 9:+ #ts c!uses !re num/ered "#th the s!me num/ers !s

the corresond#n- T9 c!use. Th#s u#de ro$#des #nform!t#on to the

Procur#n- Ent#t on ho" to enter ! re,u#red #nform!t#on !nd #ncudes ! 9:+

form!t th!t summ!r#es ! #nform!t#on to /e ro$#ded.

E%alation and (ali)cation Criteria

The urose of the E$!u!t#on !nd Lu!#c!t#on Cr#ter#! ELCB #s to sec#f

the cr#ter#! th!t the Procur#n- Ent#t "# use to e$!u!te the /#ds !nd ost7

2?


29/58

,u!#f the o"est7e$!u!ted /#dder. The Procur#n- Ent#t must re!re the

ELC !nd #ncude #t !s ! !rt of the 9#dd#n- :ocuments. The ELC #s not !

Contr!ct document !nd therefore #t #s not ! !rt of the Contr!ct. The

urose of the E$!u!t#on !nd Lu!#c!t#on Cr#ter#! ELCB #s to #nform

9#dders of the cr#ter#! th!t the Procur#n-

Ent#t "# use to e$!u!te the /#ds !nd ost7,u!#f the /#dder su/m#tt#n- the

o"est e$!u!ted /#d.

Th#s #s to ensure th!t the e$!u!t#on #s f!#r !nd tre!ts ! 9#dders #n the s!me

m!nner. t !so shoud !ss#st 9#dders to re!re resons#$e /#ds "h#ch meet

the PEs needs !nd !re comet#t#$e. The

Procur#n- Ent#t must re!re the ELC !nd #ncude #t !s ! !rt of the 9#dd#n-

:ocuments.

The ELC #s not ! Contr!ct document !nd therefore #t #s not ! !rt of the

Contr!ct. Hence #s to /e !dded #n four m!#n !re!sD

Add#t#on! e$!u!t#on f!ctors to /e #ncuded #n the e$!u!ted r#ce?

The e$!u!t#on of mut#e contr!cts "here /#dders !re erm#tted to

/#d for se!r!te ots or !c!-es?

The !#c!t#on of ! m!r-#n of reference? !nd Post7,u!#c!t#on

cr#ter#!.

Additional E%alation *actors

n !dd#t#on to the /#d r#ce the n!nc#! e$!u!t#on "# somet#mes t!e #nto

!ccount other f!ctors.

The cost of #n!nd tr!nsort!t#on #nsur!nce !nd other costs "#th#n the

)eder! :emocr!t#c

2@


30/58

Reu/#c of Eth#o#! #nc#dent! to de#$er of the -oods to the#r n!

dest#n!t#on. *9 th#s f!ctor shoud not /e used #f the r#ce for these ser$#ces

h!s !re!d /een re,uested !

(ali)cation Criteria

The Procur#n- Ent#t shoud #nd#c!te #n th#s !rt "hether or not ost7

,u!#c!t#on cr#ter#! "# /e !#ed to the /#dder su/m#tt#n- the o"est

e$!u!ted /#d !nd the cr#ter#! "h#ch "# /e !#ed.

Where ! re7,u!#c!t#on h!s /een conducted or ost7,u!#c!t#on #s not

cons#dered necess!r th#s shoud /e st!ted here "#th the "ords c#ent

exer#ence to erform the contr!ct roer /ut shoud not /e excess#$e or

restr#ct comet#t#on unnecess!r#.

+u c!!c#t cr#ter#! !re used to ensure the 9#dder #s c!!/e of su#n-

the te s#e !nd ,u!nt#t of the oods re,u#red "#th#n the de#$er er#ods

re,u#red. T#c! ex!mes !re -#$en /eo" /ut the !ctu! cr#ter#! #ncuded

must /e ree$!nt to the -oods /e#n- rocured. The Procur#n- Ent#t must

st!te the documents re,u#red from 9#dders !s e$#dence of the#r

,u!#c!t#ons.

E+a"ple *inancial Capa#ility Criteria

/7


31/58

*inancial Sitation

The 9#dder sh! ro$#de !ud#ted st!tements of !ccounts for the !st 3 e!rs

demonstr!t#n-D

! #,u#d#t r!t

!n #nde/tedness r!t#o

! rot!/##t r!t#o

A$!#!/##t of )#n!nc#! Resources

The 9#dder sh! ro$#de /!n references demonstr!t#n- the !$!#!/##t of

su>c#ent funds !ndor cred#t to successfu erform the contr!ct. 8#t#-!t#onThe 9#dder sh! ro$#de det!#s of ! c!#ms !r/#tr!t#on or other #t#-!t#on

end#n- or !re!d reso$ed for the !st 5 e!rs. A end#n- #t#-!t#on sh!

#n tot! not reresent more th!n #nsert ercent!-e ercent of the 9#dderQs

net "orth.

E+a"ple E+perience Criteria

The 9#dder sh! ro$#de det!#s of the successfu comet#on contr!cts of !

$!ue -re!ter th!n for s#m#!r oods !nd Re!ted +er$#ces #n the )eder!

:emocr!t#c Reu/#c of Eth#o#!the re-#on dur#n-

! er#od of three e!rs end#n- on the /#d su/m#ss#on de!d#ne. The 9#dder

sh! ro$#de e$#dence th!t #t h!s !t e!st #nsert num/er e!rs exer#ence

of ro$#d#n- the oods !nd Re!ted +er$#ces re,u#red.

E+a"ple Spply Capacity Criteria

The 9#dder sh! demonstr!te th!t #t h!s !$!#!/e roduct#on c!!c#t to

successfu erform the !ss#-nment. The roosed contr!ct sh! not

reresent more th!n #nsert ercent!-e ercent of the 9#dders !nnu!

turno$er. The 9#dder sh! demonstr!te th!t #t h!s f!c##t#es or reresent!t#on

/1


32/58

#n !nd #s !/e to ro$#de fu m!#nten!nce !nd ser$#c#n- f!c##t#es to suort

the -oods.

Bidding *or"s

The Procur#n- Ent#t must #ncude ! /#dd#n- forms th!t the 9#dder must

comete !nd #ncude #n #ts /#d #n the 9#dd#n- :ocument. As sec#ed #n

+ect#on 4 of the 9#dd#n- :ocument these forms !re the 9#d +u/m#ss#on

)orm the Pr#ce +chedues the 9#d +ecur#t )orm !nd the M!nuf!cturers

Author#!t#on. As the 9#dder or ! n!nc#! #nst#tut#on or m!nuf!cturerB #s

re,u#red to comete these

)orms -u#d!nce notes !re #ncuded on the forms #n /od /et"een s,u!re/r!cetsB #n the +9:.

These -u#d!nce notes shoud not /e deeted / the Procur#n- Ent#t r#or to

the #ssue of the 9#dd#n- :ocument.

Contry Eligi#ility

A countr#es !re e#-#/e excet countr#es su/Fect to the foo"#n- ro$#s#ons.

A countr sh! not /e e#-#/e #fD

As ! m!tter of !" or o>c#! re-u!t#on the o$ernment of the )eder!

:emocr!t#c Reu/#c of Eth#o#! roh#/#ts commerc#! re!t#ons "#th

th!t countr ro$#ded th!t the o$ernment #s s!t#sed th!t such

excus#on does not recude e;ect#$e comet#t#on for the ro$#s#on of

the -oods re,u#red? or

9 !n !ct of com#!nce "#th ! dec#s#on of the Gn#ted *!t#ons +ecur#t

Counc# t!en under

Ch!ter @ of the Ch!rter of the Gn#ted *!t#ons the o$ernment of the

)eder! :emocr!t#c

/2


33/58

Reu/#c of Eth#o#! roh#/#ts !n #mort of -oods from th!t countr or !n

!ments to ersons or ent#t#es #n th!t countr.

The #st of e#-#/e countr#es m! d#;er "here the rocurement #s funded /

! donor or "here other restr#ct#ons !re #mosed / o$ernment o#c. n

such c!ses the Procur#n- Ent#t shoud !mend the text !ccord#n- #nsert#n-

e#ther ! #st of e#-#/e countr#es or ! #st of #ne#-#/e countr#es. The #st of

countr#es shoud /e checed d#rect "#th the o$ernment or donor.

State"ent of Re,ire"ents

The +t!tement of Re,u#rements +RB sh! ro$#de su>c#ent #nform!t#on !s to

en!/e /#dders to e>c#ent !nd !ccur!te re!re /#ds th!t !re re!#st#c!nd comet#t#$e. The +t!tement of Re,u#rements +RB #s ! Contr!ct

document !nd therefore #t #s ! !rt of the Contr!ct. The Procur#n- Ent#t

must re!re the +R !nd #ncude #t !s ! !rt of the 9#dd#n- :ocuments. The

+R shoud /e comete rec#se !nd ce!r. An #ncomete #mrec#se or

unce!r +R m! romt /#dders to re,u#re c!r#c!t#ons from the Procur#n-

Ent#t or to su/m#t cond#t#on! /#ds or /#ds th!t m! /e /!sed on d#;erent

underst!nd#n-s of the Procur#n- Ent#ts re,u#rements. :eend#n- on the

n!ture of the c!r#c!t#ons the Procur#n- Ent#t m! need to !mend the

9#dd#n- :ocuments !nd e$entu! to extend the /#d7su/m#ss#on de!d#ne.

Cond#t#on! /#ds m! h!$e to /e reFected. 9#ds th!t !re not com!r!/e coud

not /e e$!u!ted.

The Procur#n- Ent#t sh! !ss#-n exer#enced st!; to dr!ft the +R #n !

m!nner erm#tt#n- the "#dest oss#/e comet#t#on "h#e !t the s!me t#me

ce!r sec#f#n- the re,u#red st!nd!rds of "orm!nsh# the ch!r!cter#st#cs

of m!ter#!s !nd erform!nce of the oods !nd the de#$er !nd comet#on

of the oods !nd Re!ted +er$#ces. On / foo"#n- th#s !ro!ch "# the

Procur#n- Ent#t ensure th!t the o/Fect#$es of econom e>c#enc !nd

f!#rness #n rocurement c!n /e re!#ed !s en$#s!-ed under oen tender#n-

rocedures. The +t!tement of Re,u#rements cons#sts of four !rtsD

//


34/58

8#st of oods !nd Re!ted +er$#ces

:e#$er !nd Comet#on +chedues

Techn#c! +ec#c!t#on !nd Com#!nce +heet

:r!"#n-s

!eli%ery and Co"pletion Sc'edle

The urose of the :e#$er !nd Comet#on +chedue :C+B #s to sec#f the

de#$er d!tes !nd !ces for e!ch of the oods !nd the de#$er !ces !nd

comet#on d!tes for e!ch of the Re!ted +er$#ces !s #sted #n the 8#st of

oods !nd Re!ted +er$#ces. The :C+ !s !rt of the +t!tement of

Re,u#rements const#tutes ! Contr!ct document !nd therefore "# form !rt

of the Contr!ct. The Procur#n- Ent#t must re!re the :C+ !nd #ncude #t !s

! !rt of the +t!tement of Re,u#rements. n re!r#n- the :C+ the Procur#n-

Ent#t shoud t!e #nto !ccount the foo"#n-D

The de#$er !nd comet#on d!tes shoud /e re!#st#c. Gnre!#st#c!short de#$er or comet#on exect!t#ons m! resut #n restr#cted

comet#t#on or m! romt com!#nts from rosect#$e /#dders.

The d!te or er#od for de#$er shoud /e c!refu sec#ed t!#n-

#nto !ccount th!t the de#$er terms st#u!ted must /e cons#stent

Tec'nical Speci)cations and Co"pliance S'eet

The urose of the Techn#c! +ec#c!t#ons !nd Com#!nce +heet T+C+B #s

t"ofod. )#rst #t #s used to dene #n coumn /B the techn#c! ch!r!cter#st#cs

of the oods !nd Re!ted +er$#ces re,u#red / the Procur#n- Ent#t. +econd

#t ro$#des the f!c##t for the 9#dder to com!re the sec#c!t#on of the

-oods o;ered #n coumn cB "#th those re,u#red. Th#s f!c##t!tes !ter

/;


35/58

techn#c! e$!u!t#on !nd focuses 9#dders on com#!nce to the sec#c!t#on

re,u#red.

The T+C+ !s ! !rt of the +t!tement of Re,u#rements const#tute ! Contr!ct

document !nd "# therefore form !rt of the Contr!ct. The Procur#n- Ent#t

must re!re the T+C+ !nd #ncude them !s ! !rt of the 9#dd#n-

:ocuments !s !#c!/e to e!ch Contr!ct. n re!r#n- the T+C+ the

Procur#n- Ent#t shoud t!e #nto !ccount the foo"#n-D

We7re!red T+C+ "# f!c##t!te the ex!m#n!t#on e$!u!t#on !nd

com!r#son of the /#ds / the Procur#n- Ent#t !s the T+C+ const#tute the

/enchm!rs !-!#nst "h#ch the Procur#n- Ent#t "# $er#f the techn#c!

resons#$eness of /#ds !nd su/se,uent e$!u!te the /#ds.

The T+C+ shoud re,u#re th!t ! -oods !nd m!ter#!s to /e #ncoror!ted #n

the -oods /e ne" unused !nd of the most recent or current modes !nd

th!t the #ncoror!te ! recent #mro$ements #n des#-n !nd m!ter#!s

uness ro$#ded for other"#se #n the contr!ct.

The T+C+ shoud m!e use of /est r!ct#ces. +!mes of sec#c!t#ons

from successfu s#m#!r rocurements #n the s!me countr or sector m!ro$#de ! sound /!s#s for dr!ft#n- the T+.

The use of metr#c un#ts #s encour!-ed.

+t!nd!rd##n- techn#c! sec#c!t#ons under ener! Techn#c!

+ec#c!t#ons m! /e !d$!nt!-eous deend#n- on the comex#t of the

-oods !nd the reet#t#$eness of the te of rocurement. Techn#c!

+ec#c!t#ons shoud /e /ro!d enou-h to !$o#d restr#ct#ons on "orm!nsh#

m!ter#!s !nd e,u#ment common #n$o$ed #n m!nuf!ctur#n- s#m#!r #nds

of -oods e$en #f these m! not necess!r# ! to ! !rt#cu!r

rocurement. P!rt#cu!r techn#c! re,u#rements for ! !rt#cu!r rocurement

"oud /e #n e!ch c!se sec#ed throu-h deet#ons or !ddend! to the

Techn#c! +ec#c!t#ons.

/


36/58

The sec#c!t#on of st!nd!rds for e,u#ment m!ter#!s !nd "orm!nsh#

sh! not /e restr#ct#$e. Reco-n#ed #ntern!t#on! st!nd!rds shoud /e

sec#ed !s much !s oss#/e.

Reference to /r!nd n!mes c!t!o-ue num/ers or other det!#s th!t #m#t !n

m!ter#!s or #tems to ! sec#c m!nuf!cturer shoud /e !$o#ded !s f!r !s

oss#/e.

Where un!$o#d!/e such #tem descr#t#on shoud !"!s /e foo"ed / the

"ords


37/58

sh! #ncude !n !dd#t#on! !d7hoc /#dd#n- form to /e !n Att!chment to the

9#d +u/m#ss#on +heetB "here the 9#dder sh! ro$#de det!#ed #nform!t#on

on such techn#c! erform!nce ch!r!cter#st#cs #n resect to the

corresond#n- !ccet!/e or -u!r!nteed $!ues.

When the Procur#n- Ent#t re,uests th!t the 9#dder ro$#des #n #ts /#d ! !rt

or ! of the Techn#c! +ec#c!t#ons techn#c! schedues or other techn#c!

#nform!t#on the Procur#n- Ent#t sh! sec#f#n det!# the n!ture !nd extent

of the re,u#red #nform!t#on !nd the m!nner #n "h#ch #t h!s to /e resented

/ the 9#dder #n #ts /#d.

!ra-ings

The urose of dr!"#n-s #s to sec#f oc!t#ons d#mens#ons m!ter#!s to /e

used st!-es of m!nuf!ctur#n- !nd other ch!r!cter#st#cs of the oods !nd

Re!ted +er$#ces. The Procur#n- Ent#t shoud re!re !ror#!te dr!"#n-s

!s needed !nd #ncude them #n the 9#dd#n- :ocuments. +uch dr!"#n-s !s

!rt of the +t!tement of Re,u#rements !re Contr!ct :ocuments !nd "#

therefore form !rt of the Contr!ct. +#m#!r the Procur#n- Ent#t m!

re,uest the +u#er to ro$#de dr!"#n-s e#ther "#th #ts /#d or for !ro$!.

eneral Conditions of Contract

The CC cont!#n st!nd!rd ro$#s#ons th!t h!$e /een des#-ned to rem!#n

unch!n-ed !nd to /e used "#thout mod#f#n- the#r text. The CC ce!r

#dent#f the ro$#s#ons th!t m! norm! need to /e sec#ed for ! !rt#cu!r

/#dd#n- rocess !nd re,u#re th!t such sec#c!t#on /e #ntroduced throu-h

the +CC. The CC !re Contr!ct documents !nd "# therefore form !rt of

the Contr!ct.

Special Conditions of Contract

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The +ec#! Cond#t#ons of Contr!ct +CCB cont!#n ro$#s#ons th!t the CC

re,u#re /e sec#ed for ! !rt#cu!r /#dd#n- rocess. The Procur#n- Ent#t

shoud #ncude !t the t#me of #ssu#n- the 9#dd#n- :ocuments ! #nform!t#on

or sec#c!t#on th!t the CC #nd#c!te sh! /e ro$#ded #n the +CC. *o

+CC C!use shoud /e eft /!n. To f!c##t!te the re!r!t#on of the +CC #ts

c!uses !re num/ered "#th s!me num/ers !s the corresond#n- CC

c!uses. Th#s u#de hes the Procur#n- Ent#t on ho" to #nut ! #nform!t#on

re,u#red. t #ncudes ! +CC form!t th!t summ!r#es ! #nform!t#on to /e

ro$#ded. The +CC !re Contr!ct "# form !rt of the Contr!ct.

&otes on t'e Letter of Acceptance

The 8etter of Accet!nce does not form !rt of the 9#dd#n- :ocument.

Ho"e$er #t #s the document norm! used to !ccet ! /#d !nd therefore to

form ! contr!ct so #t #s essent#! th!t #t #s used correct / Procur#n-

Ent#t#es. A 8etter of Accet!nce must not /e #ssued r#or to o/t!#n#n- !

re,u#red !ro$!s #ncud#n- from the Tender Comm#ttee !nd he!d of the

Procur#n- Ent#t !nd ensur#n- th!t su>c#ent funds h!$e /een comm#tted for

the contr!ct. A s!me "ord#n- for ! 8etter of Accet!nce #s #ncuded /eo".

The etter shoud /e s#-ned !nd the se! of the Procur#n- Ent#t shoud /e

!>xed.

Letters to Unsccessfl Bidders

Procur#n- Ent#t#es !re re,u#red to #nform unsuccessfu 9#dders th!t the#r /#ds

h!$e /een unsuccessfu !nd to #nform them of the successfu 9#dder !nd

ro$#de /r#ef re!sons "h the#r /#d h!s f!#ed.

Gnsuccessfu 9#dders must /e #nformed of the successfu 9#dder !t e!st $e

"or#n- d!s r#or to contr!ct !"!rd. A s!me "ord#n- for ! etter to !n

unsuccessfu 9#dder #s #ncuded /eo". The etter shoud /e s#-ned !nd the

se! of the Procur#n- Ent#t shoud /e !>xed.

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Bid Preparation and S#"ission


:ur#n- th#s st!-e the Procur#n- Ent#t sh!D

Promt resond to re,uests for c!r#c!t#ons from 9#dders !nd !mend !s

needed the 9#dd#n- :ocuments.

Amend the 9#dd#n- :ocuments on "#th the !ror#!te !ro$!s #n

!ccord!nce "#th the Procur#n- Ent#ts rocedures !nd the Pu/#c

Procurement Proc!m!t#on.

Bidding Period and Bid Receipt


:ur#n- the /#dd#n- er#od the Procur#n- Ent#t sh!D

S Hod !n re /#d meet#n- !nd #ssue m#nutes romt?

S Promt resond to re,uests for c!r#c!t#ons from 9#dders?

S ssue !mendments to the 9#dd#n- :ocuments #f necess!r?

S Rece#$e !nd record se!ed /#ds from 9#dders or m!e ! 9#d 9ox !$!#!/e

u to thede!d#ne for /#d su/m#ss#on?

Cose /#dd#n- !t the rec#se d!te !nd t#me of the de!d#ne !nd ensure

th!t no !te /#ds !re rece#$ed?

Nee ! /#ds rece#$ed secure unt# the t#me for /#d oen#n-.

Bid $pening

The Tender Comm#ttee of the Procur#n- Ent#t #s resons#/e for the 9#d

Oen#n- "h#ch #s ! cr#t#c! e$ent #n the /#dd#n- rocess. The Tender

Comm#ttee must remem/er th!t #n!ror#!te rocedures !t 9#d Oen#n- !re

/@


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usu! #rre$ers#/e !nd m! re,u#re c!nce!t#on of the 9#dd#n- Process "#th

the conse,uent de!s !nd "!ste of t#me !nd resources.

C/APTER T/REE

0. RESEARC/ 1ET/$!$L$ A&! $RA&I3ATI$&AL PR$*ILE

0.4 1et'odology.

The methodoo- !rt "!s focused on rese!rch des#-n sources of d!t!

t!r-et ou!t#on !nd s!me s#e s!m#n- techn#,ues d!t! coect#on

#nstruments re#!/##t !nd $!#d#t d!t! !n!s#s rocedures !nd n! the

concus#on. t !so descr#/es #n det!#s the methods the rese!rcher emo for

the coect#on of d!t! !nd the $!r#ous "!s use #n !n!#n- the d!t! !s "e!s the s!me s#e "# use.

;7


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0.4.4 Researc' !esign

The Rese!rch te "!s /e descr#t#$e "h#ch "!s tr to descr#/e the oen

tender#n- r!ct#ce of ur!-e Ione We#te )m or-!n#!t#on to ensure $!ue

for mone.

The rese!rcher used ,uest#onn!#res erson! o/ser$!t#ons !nd #nform!

#nter$#e"s to conrm f!cts !nd -ures -!ther from ed sur$e !s "e !s the

deoment of e$!u!t#ons !nd !ssessments s#nce the rese!rcher "# need to

nd out ! the f!cts ert!#n#n- to the stud #n order to m!e he!th#er

Fud-ments !nd -!$e the !ror#!te recommend!t#ons !t the end of th#s

stud

0.4.0 Sorces of data9oth the r#m!r !nd the second!r sources "!s used / the rese!rcher #n

o/t!#n#n- f!cts "h#ch "# ree$!nt to th#s "or.

Pri"ary Sorce of !ata

:!t! from the r#m!r source "!s en!/e the rese!rcher to !c,u#re rsth!nd

#nform!t#on !nd m!ter#!s on the to#c under stud. The r#m!r d!t! "#

-!ther from ur!-e oneWe#te ).M rocurement un#t )#n!nce o>cer !nd

user de!rtments throu-h the use of ,uest#onn!#res erson! o/ser$!t#on.

Secondary Source o Data

The second!r source ex!ns#$e refers to the !$!#!/e d!t! !re!d

-!thered / other on the !re! or #ssue under stud. These "# #nform!t#on

t!ed from the or-!n#!t#on rocurement records !d$ert#sement

ne"s!er /#d documents !nd rec#tes "h#ch heed to !n!e #nterreted

!nd #nfer the nd#n- of the stud. Th#s "!s en!/e the rese!rcher to -!ther

!de,u!te #nform!t#on on the rese!rch to#c.

!"#"$ Tar%et Population and Sa&ple Si'e.

)or the urose of th#s "or the rese!rcher "!s t!r-et the st!; of the

ur!-e Ione We#te ).M or-!n#!t#on #n th!t the rese!rcher "!s to nd out

;1


42/58

the te of tender#n- method used #n !"!rd#n- contr!cts !nd ho" #t h!s

heed to !ch#e$e $!ue for mone #n the#r urch!ses.

+ec#c! some "# seect de!rtments "#th#n the or-!n#!t#on "hose

m!For !ct#$#t#es coud h!$e d#rect #n6uence on the to#c under d#scuss#on "!s

cons#der. Th#s "!s #ncud#n- the rocurement un#t the !ccount#n- un#t !nd

the stores un#t /r#n-#n- to t"ent 20 so the s!me s#e of the stud "# /e

/r#n-#n- 20.

The rese!rcher "!s use uros#$e s!m#n- #n -!ther#n- ree$!nt #nform!t#on

for th#s "or.

!"#"( Sa&plin% Techni)ue

n o/t!#n#n- d!t! from the st!; of the seect un#ts "#th#n the !/o$e

ment#oned or-!n#!t#on the rese!rcher dec#ded to use the uros#$e

s!m#n- techn#,ues. Th#s s!m#n- method used for th#s "or /ec!use the

rese!rcher #dent#es those de!rtments to /e more con$en#ent #n ro$#d#n-

!ccur!te !nd !de,u!te f!cts !nd -ures "h#ch coud /est !ns"er the

,uest#onn!#res !dm#n#stered for the successfu com#!t#on of the "hoe

rese!rch "or.

!"#"* +ET,OD OF -N-./SIS -ND INTERPRET-TION

H!$#n- the -o! th#s stud #n m#nd the ro" d!t! rocessed / t!/e th!t #dent#f#n-

!nd c!ss#f#n- e!ch !ns"er "h#ch st!t#st#c / the rese!rcher. The d!t! "# !n!e

!nd #nterret the nd#n- / descr#t#$e st!t#st#cs method "#th t!/e !nd ercent!-e.

!"#"0 Data Collection Instru&ents

The d!t! coect#on #nstruments for th#s "or "ere ,uest#onn!#res erson!

o/ser$!t#on !nd !n #nform! #nter$#e".

0.2.5 $rgani6ation of t'e stdy

The "r#ter #n th#s !rt de!t "#th ho" h#s "r#te "oud h!$e structur! !nd

successfu "# !rr!n-e from one ch!ter to the other. The rst of "h#ch #s

the #ntroduct#on "# m!e u of the /!c-round of the stud the st!tement

of the ro/em the !#ms !nd the o/Fect#$es of the stud !-!#n the rese!rch

;2


43/58

,uest#ons methods !nd techn#,ues "ere used rese!rch methodoo-B

s#-n#c!nce of the stud #m#t!t#on the scoe of the stud !nd of course the

or-!n#!t#on of the stud #tsef !nd the rese!rch methodoo- !nd -o further

to d#scuss ho" r!" d!t! !nd #nform!t#on to-ether "#th the ou!t#on "#

use for th#s rese!rch tre!ted.

Ch!ter to"s the #ter!ture re$#e" !nd #n th#s ort#on the "r#ter /rou-ht to

/e!r some comrehens#$e #ece of others #n re!t#on to the to#c.

Ch!ter three #t ro$#ded ! det!#ed !n!s#s of d!t! "h#ch "# coect !nd

the resonses to the ,uest#onn!#res "# send out for the urose of th#s

stud.

Ch!ter four de! "#th the m!#n nd#n-s of the stud !nd "# -#$es summ!r

of the nd#n-s of the rese!rch "or su--est#ons !nd recommend!t#on

$!r#ous "!s of #mro$#n- uon tender#n- rocesses !t the ur!-e Ione

We#te ).M Or-!n#!t#on to /e !/e to !ch#e$e $!ue for mone #n the#r

re,uest to rocure us#n- funds. t "# !so -#$e -ener!#!t#on "h#ch !/e to

#mro$e the s!me tender#n- method for other u/#c sectors.

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44/58

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS

4. Introduction.

T%is ,%ater+ resent in tota"it! t%e main findin$s and ana"!sis of data $at%ered from t%e fie"d- It

,onse9(ent"! $i#es a #i#id a,,o(nt on t%e s,oe Cometiti#e Tenderin$+ an Effe,ti#e Too" inEns(rin$ a"(e for Mone! in :('"i, Se,tor :ro,(rement- In addition+ t%is ,%ater resent deend

on t%e findin$ it s%o)s imortant re,ommendations )%i,% %a#e most imortant 'enefits to

We"*ite -M or$ani3ation and a"so ot%er ('"i, se,tors-

Responses wic were !"tered #ro$ #in"nce o##icer "nd procure$ent dep"rt$ent

4.% Descripti&e "n"'(sis

4.%.% )ender o# Respondents

T%is 9(estion aimed at findin$ o(t t%e n(m'er of t%e resondents )%o )ere ma"e and t%ose )%o

)ere fema"e in t%e sam"ed si3e- T%e resonses are %o)e#er s%o)n in ta'"e ;-1-

Ta'"e ;-1 'e"o) indi,ates t%at o(t of t)ent! 6278 resondents inter#ie)ed+ sixteen 61=8 of t%em

)ere ma"es reresentin$ ?7 )%i"es fo(r 6;8 )ere fema"es reresentin$ 27 of t%e tota"o("ation inter#ie)ed- T%e resonses after ana"!ses ,"ear"! s%o) t%at ma5orit! of t%e

resondents are ma"es ro'a'"! 'e,a(se of t%e nat(re of )or*-

T"*'e 4.% Responses on )ender o# Respondents

Resonses re9(en,! :er,ent

Ma"e 1= ?7-7

ema"e ; 27-7

Tota" 27 177-7

;;


45/58

So(r,e ie"d S(r#e!+ 271=

4.%.+ A!es o# Respondents

T%is 9(estion )as as*ed to see* for t%e a$es of t%e resondents- T%e resonses are ana"!3ed in

ta'"e ;-2 'e"o)-

Ta'"e ;-2 'e"o) indi,ates t%at+ ei$%t 6?8 resondents )ere 'et)een t%e a$es of 2


46/58

T"*'e 4., Responses on N"$es o# Dep"rt$ents

Resonses re9(en,! :er,ent

:ro,(rement = /7

A,,o(ntin$ < 2@!ears )or*in$ exerien,e reresentin$ /


47/58

;=!rs ; 27

>@!rs > /

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