M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜/MentorTEYXO™ 12

2010

¶EPIEXOMENA

¢HMHTPIO™ ZYM¶I¢H™ Î.¿. 3 H ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ M·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ IÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ· Eη›‰Â˘ÛË

™ONIA KAºOY™H Î.¿. 19 AÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·: H ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÛÂÚÈÓÒÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ

XPY™A ™OºIANO¶OY§OY 36 ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ Î·È T¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›Â˜ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Î·È EÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜: ªÈ· ÚÒÙË ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË

ª∞ƒπ∞ ∫À¶ƒπ∞¡π¢√À Î.¿. 49 ∏ Û˘Ó¯È˙fiÌÂÓË Âη›‰Â˘ÛË Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ∆¶∂ ˘fi ÙËÓ ÔÙÈ΋ Ù˘ Ì·ıËÙÔÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘

πø∞¡¡∏™ Ãπ™∆∞∫√¶√À§√™ 63 ™¯ÔÏ›· ¢Â‡ÙÂÚ˘ ∂˘Î·ÈÚ›·˜ Î·È ¢È·ÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈ΋ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ∂·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡

¢π√¡À™π√™ §√À∫∂ƒ∏™ Î.¿. 77 ∆Ô ¯·ÚÙÔÊ˘Ï¿ÎÈÔ ÂȉfiÛÂˆÓ Î·È ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Ì·ıËÙ‹ (portfolio) ˆ˜ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÚfiÔ˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘

πø∞¡¡∏™ Ã∏™∆∞∫√™ Î.¿. 87 ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈΤ˜ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÈηÛÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹: ŒÓ· project Ì ÂÚÁ·ÏÂ›Ô ÙÔÓ ¯¿ÚÙË ÛÙËÓ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ· ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË

™√ºπ∞ Ã∞∆∑∏°∂øƒ°π∞¢√À 103 ∏ ÌÔÓ·ÍÈ¿ Î·È Ë ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ÙÔ˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›ˆÓ Ù¿ÍÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ™¯ÔÏ›Ԣ

¶∞¡∞°πø∆∏™ ª∞¡π∞∆∏™ 118 ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ‚›· Î·È ÂÙÂÚfiÙËÙ· ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: ∏ ·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘

∞£∞¡∞™π√™ ∫√§√µ∂§ø¡∏™ Î.¿. 139 ¢È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ù¿Í˘ Î·È Ê‡ÏÔ˘ ÛÙȘ ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Î·È Ì·ıËÙÚÈÒÓ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡, °˘ÌÓ·Û›Ô˘ Î·È §˘Î›Ԣ ÚÔ˜ ÙË º˘ÛÈ΋ ∞ÁˆÁ‹

πø∞¡¡∏™ ∆√ª¶√À§√°§√À Î.¿ 152 ¶·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ηıÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·Ú·Î›ÓËÛ˘ ÛÙÔ Ì¿ıËÌ· Ù˘ º˘ÛÈ΋˜ ∞ÁˆÁ‹˜

™∆∞Àƒ√™ °ƒ√™¢√™ 168 √ÙÈο ÌËӇ̷ٷ ÛÙ· ÂÍÒÊ˘ÏÏ· ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ: ªÈ· ·fiÂÈÚ· ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘

£∂√¢øƒ√™ ∆™√À¡∞∫√™ Î.¿ 184 ¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ·Ó¿ÁÓˆÛ˘ Î·È ÂÚÌËÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ì¿ıËÌ· Ù˘ °ÂˆÁÚ·Ê›·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∞’ Ù¿ÍË ÙÔ˘ °˘ÌÓ·Û›Ô˘

µπµ§π∞ ¶√À §∞µ∞ª∂209

µπµ§π√∫ƒπ™π∂™211

√¢∏°π∂™ ¶ƒ√™ ∆√À™ ™À°°ƒ∞º∂π™223

∏ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ· ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË

¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ∑˘Ì›‰Ë˜¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘

™˘Ú›‰ˆÓ ¢Ô˘Î¿Î˘¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘

ª·Ú›· ÃÈÔÓ›‰Ô˘-ªÔÛÎÔÊfiÁÏÔ˘¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘

¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë

ŒÓÙÂη (11) ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ·˜ ∂η›‰Â˘Û˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÛÂÂÙ‹ÛÈ· ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÏÔ-ÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·ÙÔ˘˜. ∂Ú¢ӋıËηÓ: ·) ÔÈ ÁÓÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù¿ Shulman (°ÓÒ-ÛË ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘, ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛË ¶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ ηȰÓÒÛË ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ) ÚÈÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÌfiÚʈۋ ÙÔ˘˜, ‚) ˉڿÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ٷ ηٿ Habermas ÁÓˆÛȷο ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· (∆Â-¯ÓÈÎfi, ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi Î·È ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi). ∆· ÚÒÙ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÚԤ΢-„·Ó Ì ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ £ÂÌÂÏȈ̤Ó˘ £ÂˆÚ›·˜, ˆ˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘, ¤‰ÂÈ-Í·Ó fiÙÈ: ·) ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ·Ó ÙȘ ηٿ Shulman ÁÓÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ∞ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜, ÛÙËÓ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛ˶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÂÓ›Û¯˘Û·Ó ÙË ÁÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Î·È ‚) fi¯È Ìfi-ÓÔ ÍÂ¤Ú·Û·Ó ÙÔ ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ηٿ Habermas ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÎÈÓ‹ıËηÓ

3

√ Î. ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ∑˘Ì›‰Ë˜ Â›Ó·È Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi˜ Û‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ¢.∂. ¡. µÔȈٛ·˜, Ô Î. ™˘Ú›‰ˆÓ ¢Ô˘Î¿-΢ Â›Ó·È ˘Ô„‹ÊÈÔ˜ ¢Ú ÛÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘ Î·È Ë Î. ª·Ú›· ÃÈÔÓ›‰Ô˘-ªÔÛÎÔÊfiÁÏÔ˘Â›Ó·È Â›ÎÔ˘ÚË Î·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· ÛÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘.

ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜, ·ÔÎÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔȯ›· «Û¯ÂÙÈ-΋˜» ¯ÂÈڷʤÙËÛ˘ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙ· Û¯ÔÏÈο ‚È‚Ï›· ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ.

§¤ÍÂȘ-ÎÏÂȉȿ: ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈο ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ¶π, °ÓÒÛË ÂηÈ-‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù¿ Shulman, °ÓˆÛȷο ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ηٿ Habermas.

Abstract

Eleven teachers of Primary Education took part in a year-long, in-servicetraining in their school, on the use of Mathematics Educational Software,created by the Pedagogical Institute, in their everyday teaching practice. Thefollowing areas were researched: a) teachers’ knowledge according toShulman’s Subject Matter Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge andCurricular Knowledge, before and after their training; b) their actionsaccording to Habermas’ Knowledge Interests (Technical Interest, PracticalInterest and Emancipatory Interest). The first results that were drawn usinggrounded theory and interviews, show that: a) teachers improved theirknowledge, as defined by Shulman, of IT Subject Matter, as well as theirPedagogical Content Knowledge and consolidated their knowledge of thecurricula of Mathematics and IT in primary schools; also, b) they overcomeHabermas’ Technical Interest level and acted at the level of PracticalInterest, acquiring «some» emancipation with regard to Mathematicstextbooks.

1. ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹

∆Ë Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿ 2006-2007 ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË Î·È ÙËÓ Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔ-Ú›· ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Î·È ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfiۯ‰fiÓ ÁÈ· οı ̿ıËÌ· Ù˘ ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋˜ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ·˘ÙfiÂ›Ó·È Î·È ÙÔ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi (∂§) ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¶ÚˆÙÔ-‚¿ıÌÈ· ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÚ›· CD-Rom ¤Ó· ÁÈ· οı‰‡Ô Ù¿ÍÂȘ (∞’-µ’, °’-¢’ Î·È ∂’-™∆’) (http://pi-schools.sch.gr/software/dimoti-ko/).

∆Ô ∂§ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞’ Î·È µ’ Ù¿ÍË ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ∂§ «ÎÏÂÈÛÙÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘» Î·È ÂÚȤ¯ÂÈ ÙȘ ÂÓfiÙËÙ˜ «∞ÚÈıÌÔ› Î·È Ú¿ÍÂȘ»,«ªÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ», «°ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·», «¶ÚfiÛıÂÙÔ ˘ÏÈÎfi», «¢È·ıÂÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙË-ÚÈfiÙËÙ˜», «™¯¤‰È· ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜» Î·È «™˘Ó‰¤ÛÌÔ˘˜» ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ‰ÈÎÙ˘·-ÎÔ‡˜ ÙfiÔ˘˜. ∆· ∂§ ÁÈ· ÙȘ °’-¢’ Î·È ∂’-™∆’ Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

4

ÛÙËÓ Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ «·ÓÔȯÙÒÓ-‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ» ∂§. ∂ÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ¤ÙÔÈ̈ӉڷÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÌÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· οı ٿÍË ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ¿, ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ηȫÌÈÎÚfiÎÔÛÌÔ˘˜», fiˆ˜ «™Ù·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋», «ÃÂψÓÔÛÂÏ›‰·», «ª·ı·›Óˆ ÙÔ Â˘-ÚÒ» Î.¿.

∆Ô ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎfi πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ (¶π) ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ ٷ¯‡ÚÚ˘ıÌ· Î·È ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ‰È¿Ú-ÎÂÈ·˜ ÂÈÌÔÚʈÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· (Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ¯ÚÔÓȤ˜ 2006-2007 Î·È 2007-2008), ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋˜ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘, ÛÙ· Ó¤· ‰È-‰·ÎÙÈο ‚È‚Ï›·. ŸÌˆ˜, ÛÙ· ÚÔ·Ó·ÊÂÚı¤ÓÙ· ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ‰ÂÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ÂÈ-ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ Î·È ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛËÙˆÓ ∂§.

∂Âȉ‹ ıˆڋ۷Ì Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‰È·‰Ú·Ì·Ù›-ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ∂§ Î·È ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÔÈ ∆¶∂ ÛÙËÓ Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎ-·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Û¯Â‰È¿Û·ÌÂ Î·È ˘ÏÔÔÈ‹Û·Ì ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ¤ÙÔ˜ 2006-2007 ÂÓ‰Ô-Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ·˜ ∂η›‰Â˘Û˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ¤ÓÙ·ÍË-ÂÓۈ̿وÛË ÙˆÓ ∂§ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶π ÛÙË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍËÎ·È ÂÚÂ˘Ó‹Û·ÌÂ:·) ∆Ë ÁÓÒÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù¿ Shulman (1986), ÚÈÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ˘ÏÔ-Ô›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛ˘, Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤ÁÈÓÂ,‰ËÏ·‰‹, Ò˜ Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¯fiÓÙˆÓÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂ:·1) ÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ (Subject Matter Knowledge)·2) ÙËÓ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛË ¶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ (Pedagogical Content Know-ledge) ηȷ3) ÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÏË-ÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ (Curricular Knowledge).‚) ∆· ηٿ Habermas (1972) ÁÓˆÛȷο ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓÚÈÓ ·ÏÏ¿ ηٿ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË-ÂÓۈ̿وÛË ÙˆÓ ∂§ ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ‰È‰·-Ûηϛ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ/ÙÚÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜, ‰ËÏ·‰‹,‚1) ÙÔ ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ (Technical Interest)‚2) ÙÔ ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ (Practical Interest) ηȂ3) ÙÔ ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ (Emancipatory Interest).

2. £ÂˆÚËÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË

√ Lee Shulman (1986) ÚÔÛ‰ÈfiÚÈÛ ÁÈ· ÙË ÁÓÒÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓÙÚÂȘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜: ·1) ÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘, Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚ¿ÛÙ· ‚·ÛÈο ÛÙÔȯ›·, ¤ÓÓÔȘ, ·Ú¯¤˜ Î·È Ù· ÂÚÌËÓ¢ÙÈο Ï·›ÛÈ· Û ÌÈ· ÂÈ-ÛÙ‹ÌË, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ ÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ̤· Î·È ÂÈϤÔÓ

H aÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

5

ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Ë Ó¤· ÁÓÒÛË ÂÈÛ¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Â›Ó·È ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹ Û ·˘Ù‹ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·, ·2) ÙËÓ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛË ¶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘, ËÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ Ó· ηıÔÚÈÛÙ› Î·È Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ›, ÌÔÚ› fï˜ Ó·Á›ÓÂÈ ·ÓÙÈÏËÙ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙÔ˜ ÙÔ‡ Ó· Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ-Îfi˜ Û ı¤ÛË Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜/ÙÚȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó· Ì¿ıÔ˘Ó ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ÂΛ-ÓÔ˜ ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Î·È ·3) ÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ, Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿-ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÏÏËÏÔ˘¯›· ÙˆÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û’ ·˘Ù¿.

√ Jürgen Habermas (1972) ÚÔÛ‰ÈfiÚÈÛ ÙÚ›· ÁÓˆÛȷο ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ·: ÙÔ∆¯ÓÈÎfi, ÙÔ ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi Î·È ÙÔ ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi Î·È Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ fiÚÈÛÂ: ‚1) ÙÔ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ˆ˜ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ Ó· ÂÈ‚ÈÒÛÂÈ Î·ÈÓ· ·Ó··Ú·¯ı›, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ó· ·Ó··Ú¿ÁÂÈ ÂΛӘ ÙȘ Ï¢ڤ˜ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈ-Ó˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ Ô˘ ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ˜. ŒÙÛÈ ÔÈ ¿ÓıÚˆÔÈÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Î·È ÙË ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜,‚2) ÙÔ ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ˆ˜ ÙË ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiË-ÛË, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ô˘ ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛËÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜, ¤ÙÛÈ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÔÚ› ηÓ›˜ Ó· ·ÏÏËÏÂȉڿÛÂÈ Ì ·˘ÙfiÎ·È ‚3) ÙÔ ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ «·ÓÂÍ·ÚÙËÛ›· ·fi fiÏ·fiÛ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ¤Íˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¿ÙÔÌÔ» Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›·˜.ªÂ ¿ÏÏ· ÏfiÁÈ· Ô Habermas Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÈ ÙË ¯ÂÈڷʤÙËÛË Ì ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›·, ÙËӢ¢ı˘ÓfiÙËÙ· Î·È Â›Û˘ Ì ÙË ‰ÈηÈÔÛ‡ÓË, ÙËÓ ÈÛfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓÈ΋ ·ÏÏ·Á‹.

ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ,ηÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ó· ˘ÏÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ÚÔηıÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi Úfi-ÁÚ·ÌÌ·, ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· ·Ó ‰È·ÊˆÓÔ‡Ó ÙfiÛÔ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓfiÙÔ˘, fiÛÔ Î·È Ì ÙȘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ·˘Ùfi. ∆Ô ¶Ú·-ÎÙÈÎfi ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÁÓÒÛ˘ Î·È ‰Ú¿Û˘, Ô˘ ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÛÌfi‹ ·Ó·ÛÙÔ¯·ÛÌfi Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Ó· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ‹Ó· ÂÚÌËÓ‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ì ÛÎÔfi Ó· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÛÔ˘Ó Î·È Ó· ·˘ÙÔ‚ÂÏ-ÙȈıÔ‡Ó. ∆Ô ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ηٷ-ÓfiËÛË Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ÎÚÈÙÈÎfi ·Ó·ÛÙÔ¯·ÛÌfi, Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÏË„Ë ·˘ÙfiÓÔÌ˘ ηÈÛ˘ÏÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘. √È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ›, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ·˘Ùfi, ˘ÈÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó ·˘ıÂÓÙÈ-Τ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜, ÂÓÙ·Á̤Ó˜ Û ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ Â›Ï˘Û˘ ÚÔ-‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·fi ÙÔÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÎfiÛÌÔ (Grundy, 2003, ∫ˆÛÙԇϷ-ª·ÎÚ¿ÎË &ª·ÎÚ¿Î˘, 2006).

ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ıˆÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÙȘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ¤Ú¢-Ó·˜ Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó ··ÓÙÒÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‹‰ËÙÂı› ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹.

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

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3. ∏ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· Î·È ÔÈ Ì¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜

∏ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙˆÓ ÂÚˆÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·1, ·2, ·3, ‚1, ‚2 Î·È ‚3 ¤ÁÈÓ Û ‰‡Ô Û˘ÛÙÂÁ·-˙fiÌÂÓ· ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ‰ËÌÔÙÈο Û¯ÔÏ›· Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓÒÓ Î·ÈÛ˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ¤ÓÙÂη ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ù¿ÍÂˆÓ (ÃÈÔÓ›‰Ô˘ & ∑˘Ì›‰Ë˜,2006). ∏ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË (›‰ÔÛË Û¯ÂÙÈ-΋˜ ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹˜) Î·È ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ô˘ ÂΉËÏÒıËΠ·fi ÙÔ˘˜/ÙȘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ-ÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ÙȘ ‰È¢ı‡ÓÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ.

∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛ˘, Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿Ú-ÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ·˘Ù‹˜, ¯ˆÚ›ÛÙËΠ۠ÂÓÓ¤· ‰È·‰Ô¯ÈΤ˜ Ê¿ÛÂȘ. √È ÂηÈ-‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› (ÙÚÂȘ ¿Ó‰Ú˜ Î·È Ô¯ÙÒ Á˘Ó·›Î˜) ·Û¯ÔÏ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·Ú¯Èο Ì ÙË ÌÂ-ϤÙË ÙˆÓ ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ-΋˜ Î·È Ù· Û¯ÔÏÈο ‚È‚Ï›· ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ. ∫·ÙfiÈÓ ÂÁη٤ÛÙËÛ·Ó Ù·∂§ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚ›Ô˘Î·È ÏÔËÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û’ ·˘Ù¿. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÂÚÁ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·ÙÔÌÈο Î·È ÔÌ·‰ÈÎ¿Î·È ·Ú‹Á·Á·Ó Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ¤ÓÙ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ÛÂÓ¿ÚÈ· (Kynigos &Theodosopoulou, 2001, ª·ÎÚ‹ Î.¿., 2006) Î·È ÙÚ›· ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤Ó· Û¯¤‰È· Ì·-ı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ù· ÔÔ›· ÂÊ¿ÚÌÔÛ·Ó ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· ÙÔ˘˜ (Chionidou, Zibidis &Doukakis, 2007).

ø˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· ÂÈϤ¯ıËΠÙÔ Ó·ÙÔ˘Ú·ÏÈÛÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· (Bryman,1988, Burgess, 1984, Finch, 1986, Guba & Lincoln, 1988, Hammersley, 1992,Silverman, 1993), ‰ÈfiÙÈ: ·) Ë Âȉ›ˆÍË Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ó·ÂÏÂÁ¯ı› ÌÈ· ÚÔ¸¿Ú¯Ô˘Û· ıˆڛ· ·ÏÏ¿ Ó· ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ÌÈ· ıˆڛ· Û¯ÂÙÈοÌ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ¤ÓÙ·Í˘ ÙˆÓ ∂§ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶π ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ/ÙÚÈÒÓ Î·È ‚) ÂÂȉ‹ Ë ÔÈÔÙÈ΋¤Ú¢ӷ ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈο ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÂȉÈÒ-ÎÂÈ Ó· ηٷÛ΢¿ÛÂÈ ÌÈ· ·Ó··Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜·fi ÙË ÌÂϤÙË Û ‚¿ıÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ (∫˘ÚÈ·˙‹, 2001). ∂ÈÚfiÛıÂÙ· ËÌÂϤÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÌfiÓÔ ÙËÓ ÂÌ‚¿ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏ¿ ÂȉÈÒÎÂÈ Î·È ÙËÛ˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ô˘ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÌÈ·˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ ‹ÌÈ·˜ ÔÌ¿‰·˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚÒÓÙ·˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ (Yin,1994).

∆· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Û˘ÓÂϤÁËÛ·Ó Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Ì ·Ú¯ÈΤ˜ Î·È ÙÂÏÈΤ˜ÔÈÔÙÈΤ˜-ËÌȉÔÌË̤Ó˜ Û˘ÓÂÓÙ‡ÍÂȘ (Mason, 2003) ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ì ÁÚ·Ùfi ˘ÏÈ-Îfi –Û¯¤‰È· Ì·ı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË– ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤Ó· Û¯¤-‰È· Ì·ı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ÛÂÓ¿ÚÈ· ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÂÈÌfiÚʈ-Û˘. √È ËÌȉÔÌË̤Ó˜ Û˘ÓÂÓÙ‡ÍÂȘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙˆÓ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô Û˘ÛÙÂÁ·˙fiÌÂÓˆÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ, ‰È‹ÚÎËÛ·Ó ·fi Û·Ú¿ÓÙ·¤ÓÙ ¤ˆ˜ ÂÍ‹ÓÙ· ÏÂÙ¿, ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó Ì „ËÊȷ΋ Û˘Û΢‹ ˯ÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛ˘,·ÔıË·ıËÎ·Ó Û ÔÏÏ·Ï¿ ̤۷ ÁÈ· ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ¤ÁÈÓ Ë

H aÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

7

·ÔÌ·ÁÓËÙÔÊÒÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ ÙˆÓ ËÌȉÔÌËÌ¤ÓˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÓÙ‡ÍÂˆÓ‹Ù·Ó Á‡Úˆ ·fi ı¤Ì·Ù·, Ô˘ ÂÙ¤ıËÛ·Ó ˆ˜ ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ ÛÙ· ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜·1, ·2, ·3, ‚1, ‚2, Î·È ‚3.

°È· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÂÈϤ¯ıËÎÂ Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ Ù˘ ıÂÌÂÏȈ̤Ó˘ ıˆڛ·˜ (Glaser & Strauss, 1967, Strauss &Corbin, 1991, πˆÛËÊ›‰Ë˜, 2003 & 2006), ‰ÈfiÙÈ Ë ıÂÌÂÏȈ̤ÓË ıˆڛ· (££)Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔÓ Strauss: «∂›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚÔ˜ ÙÚfiÔ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· οÓÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ÔÈÔÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË, Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ¢‰È¿ÎÚÈÙ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈοÁÓˆÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·, fiˆ˜ Ë ıˆÚËÙÈ΋ ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË„›· Î·È ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜, fiˆ˜ Ë ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙ·ıÂÚÒÓ Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ (constant comparisons) ηÈË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÓfi˜ ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Έ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛ˘, ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÓÓÔÈÔ-ÏÔÁÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÛË (‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋)» (Strauss, 1987, ÛÂÏ. 5), ·ÊÔÚ¿‰Â ΢ڛˆ˜ Û ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È Û¯ÂÙÈο «·ÓÂÍÂÚ‡ÓËÙ·»(πˆÛËÊ›‰Ë˜, 2006, ÛÂÏ. 212).

™ÙÔ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Á›ÓÂÈ ¤Ú¢Ó˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›-˜ ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙË ££ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Î·È ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ. ∂Ó‰ÂÈ-ÎÙÈο ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ì ¤Ú¢Ó˜ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈ-ÎÒÓ (Rowland, 2004), ÛÙË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛËÙˆÓ ∆¶∂ (§˘ÎÔÛÎÔ‡ÊË, 2005, ∆¿ÙÛ˘, 2005, æ˘¯¿Ú˘, 2005) Î·È ÛÙËÓ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∆¶∂ ÛÙËÓ ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË (™·Ó·Î¿, 2005, ºÚ·ÁοÎË,2008).

4. ∞Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ. ∞ÓÔȯً ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË (OpenCoding), ∂ÈÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË, (Selective Coding), £ÂˆÚËÙÈ΋ ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔ-Ô›ËÛË (Theoretical Coding) Î·È ∂·ÁˆÁÈ΋ √ÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË £ÂˆÚ›·˜ (Inducti-ve Theory Building)

∏ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÔȯً Έ‰ÈÎÔÔ›-ËÛË Î·È ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Έ‰›ÎˆÓ (codes). ™˘Ó¯›ÛÙËΠ̠ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÂÎÙÈ΋ Έ‰È-ÎÔÔ›ËÛË, fiÔ˘ ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ô Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ-ÂÓÓÔÈÒÓ(low level categories). ∞ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛÂ Ë ıˆÚËÙÈ΋ Έ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË, fiÔ˘ ‰ËÌÈ-Ô˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚ˜ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜ (major categories) Î·È ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËÎÂÌ ÙËÓ Â·ÁˆÁÈ΋ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË ıˆڛ·˜.

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

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∫Ò‰ÈΘ ÷ÌËÏÔ‡ ∂Ȥ‰Ô˘∫·ÙËÁÔڛ˜ (ŒÓÓÔȘ)

∂˘Ú‡ÙÂÚ˜∫·ÙËÁÔڛ˜

∂·ÁˆÁÈ΋√ÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË

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4.1. ∞ÓÔȯً ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË (Open Coding) Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜. ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË ‰Â‰Ô-̤ӈÓ, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Έ‰›ÎˆÓ (coding).∞fi‰ÔÛË ÂÙÈÎÂÙÒÓ (label) ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÎÒ‰ÈΘ

∞Ú¯Èο ‰È·‚¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ù· ·ÔÌ·ÁÓËÙÔʈÓË̤ӷ ΛÌÂÓ· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÓÙ‡ÍÂ-ˆÓ ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Î·È Û ‚¿ıÔ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷÓÔËıÔ‡Ó Ù· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ı›ÁÔÓÙ·ÈÛ’ ·˘Ù¿ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ¯ˆÚ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Û ıÂÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÓfiÙËÙ˜ Ì ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÂÚ›-Ï˄˘. ∞̤ۈ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ¿Ú¯ÈÛÂ Ë ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ·ÓÔȯً˜ Έ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛ˘, ËÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ Î·È Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ(Strauss & Corbin, 1991, ÛÂÏ. 61) Î·È ·Ô‰fiıËÎ·Ó È‰ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ‹ ÓÔ‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙ·ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· ÙˆÓ ÔÈÔÙÈÎÒÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ (πˆÛËÊ›‰Ë˜, 2003). ∏ Û‡ÓÙÔÌË ÊÚ¿ÛË, ËÔÔ›· ·Ô‰fiıËΠے ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, ‹Ù·Ó Ô ÎÒ‰Èη˜(Strauss & Corbin, 1998, ÛÂÏ. 65-68).

4.1.1. ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË ¢Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ-¢ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ∫ˆ‰›ÎˆÓ™ÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 1 Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ‰›ÓÂÙ·È ¤Ó· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Έ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛ˘

‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ·fi‰ÔÛ˘ Έ‰›ÎˆÓ ÛÙ· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·fi ÙË Û˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË Ù˘ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ∞ (ÌÂϤÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ∞), Ô˘ ‰›‰·ÛΠÛÙËÓ ŒÎÙË Ù¿ÍË Î·ÈÛ˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯Â ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ. ∆· ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· (ϤÍÂȘ-ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ Ù˘ Û˘Ó¤-ÓÙ¢Í˘) ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÛÙ‹ÏË ÙÔ˘ ›Ó·Î· Î·È ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ÛÙ‹ÏË Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÎÒ‰ÈΘ, Ô˘ ·Ô‰fiıËÎ·Ó ÛÙ· ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤-ÓˆÓ.

°È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÛÙË ÊÚ¿ÛË «ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔÌ¿ıËÌ· (ÂÓÓÔ› ÙËÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋) Ó· ηı›ÛÔ˘Ì ӷ ·Û¯ÔÏËıԇ̠̠·˘-Ù¿» ·Ô‰fiıËÎÂ Ô ÎÒ‰Èη˜ «¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋ ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi», ÛÙË ÊÚ¿ÛË «·ÓÙ›-ıÂÙ· ÛÙÔ Á˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓË ÒÚ· ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ Ì ÂÍÂȉÈ-ÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ» ·Ô‰fiıËΠÔÎÒ‰Èη˜ «¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋ ÛÙÔ Á˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ» Î·È ÛÙË ÊÚ¿ÛË «∂Ì›˜ ÙÔ ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÔ˘-Ì (ÂÓÓÔÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎfi ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜) ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ‰ÈÎfiÌ·˜ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·», ·Ô‰fiıËÎÂ Ô ÎÒ‰Èη˜ «√ÏÈÛÙÈÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô», ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ùˉȿ¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÛÙ· ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÁÓˆÛÙÈο ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· (ÔÏÈÛÙÈ-΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË) Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ¢È·ıÂÌ·ÙÈÎfi ∂ÓÈ·›Ô ¶Ï·›ÛÈÔ ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿-ÙˆÓ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ (¢∂¶¶™) Î·È ÙÔ ∞Ó·Ï˘ÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ (∞¶™)Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ (À¶∂¶£-¶.π., 2003, ÛÂÏ. 412,415).

H aÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

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¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1: ¶·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Έ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ·fi‰ÔÛ˘ Έ‰›ÎˆÓ

§¤ÍÂȘ-ºÚ¿ÛÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ ·fi ÙË Û˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË ∫Ò‰Èη˜

¡·È, ∞ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ¶Ú¿ÍÂȘ, ·fi ÎÂÈ Î·È ÕÍÔÓ˜ ¢∂¶¶™ ∞¶™¤Ú· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÙË °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·, ÙË ª¤ıÔ‰Ô ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓÙˆÓ ∆ÚÈÒÓ, ¶ÔÛ¿ ∞Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Î·È ∞ÓÙÈÛÙÚfiʈ˜ ∞Ó¿ÏÔÁ·, Â…, ™Ù·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋, Ù· ªÔÙ›‚·

…ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋ ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfiÌ¿ıËÌ· Ó· ηı›ÛÔ˘Ì ӷ ·Û¯ÔÏËıԇ̠̠·˘Ù¿,

…·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ÛÙÔ Á˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋ ÛÙÔ Á˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓË ÒÚ· ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ Ì ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ

∂Ì›˜ ÙÔ ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÔ˘Ì ̤۷ ÛÙÔ √ÏÈÛÙÈÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô ‰ÈÎfi Ì·˜ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·

…ÁÂÓÈο fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ¤Ú ӷ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi ÁÓˆÚ›˙ˆ ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È‰¿Íˆ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈοÛÙËÓ ŒÎÙË ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù· Û˘Ó¿ÓÙËÛ· ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· (ÂÓÓÔ› ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi)

¡·È ¤¯ÂÈ Ì¤Û· °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·, ¯ˆÚÈṲ̂ӷ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfiÙ· ÎÂÊ¿Ï·È· fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ¯ˆÚÈṲ̂ӷ Î·È Î·È °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·ÛÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô Â (…) ÓÔÌ›˙ˆ fiÙÈ Ë ÏÔÁÈ΋ Â›Ó·È Ë ›‰È· ·fi ÎÂÈ Î·È ¤Ú· ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ù·ÈÚÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó

…fiÔÈÔ˜ ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ÎÔÈÙ¿ÍÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ ™˘Ì‚·ÙfiÙËÙ· ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ Î·È ‚È‚Ï›Ô Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi ‚ϤÂÈ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÔ‡fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÁÂÓÈο

4.1.2. ∞fi‰ÔÛË ∂ÙÈΤٷ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∫Ò‰ÈΘ∆Ô ÂfiÌÂÓÔ ‚‹Ì· ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ‰Ôı› ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÎÒ‰ÈΘ ¤Ó· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ¯·Ú·-

ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ‰ËÏ·‰‹, ÌÈ· ÂÙÈΤٷ Ù˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ (º∞1, º∞2, …) (Allan, 2003). ∆ÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ· º (·fi ÙË Ï¤ÍË ºÚ¿ÛË), ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ÊÚ¿ÛË-ÎÏÂȉ› Ù˘ Û˘-Ó¤ÓÙ¢Í˘, ÔÈ ·ÚÈıÌÔ› 1, 2, … Î.Ï. ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ·‡ÍÔÓÙ· ·ÚÈıÌfi ÙˆÓ ÊÚ¿ÛÂ-ˆÓ fiˆ˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË Î·È ÙÔ ÁÚ¿ÌÌ· ∞ ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ› ÛÙËÓÚÒÙË, ηٿ ÛÂÈÚ¿ Û˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË-ÌÂϤÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘. ŒÙÛÈ ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Ë

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

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ÂÙÈΤٷ º∞3 Â›Ó·È Ë ÙÚ›ÙË ÊÚ¿ÛË ÎÏÂȉ› (º3) ·fi ÙË Û˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË Ù˘ ÂηÈ-‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ∞.

∆· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÙÈο ·˘Ù¿ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο (ÂÙÈΤÙ˜) ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÛÙ‹ÏË ÙÔ˘ ›Ó·Î· 2. ∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·˘Ù‹, ¤ÁÈÓ ηı·Ú¿ ÁÈ· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜Ù¯ÓÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È Ì¿˜ ‚Ô‹ıËÛ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË, Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË Î·È ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙˆÓ ‰Â-‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜.

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2: ∞fi‰ÔÛË ÂÙÈΤٷ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÎÒ‰ÈΘ

∂ÙÈΤٷ §¤ÍÂȘ-ºÚ¿ÛÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ ·fi ÙË Û˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË ∫Ò‰Èη˜

º∞1 ¡·È, ∞ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ¶Ú¿ÍÂȘ, ·fi ÎÂÈ Î·È ÕÍÔÓ˜ ¢∂¶¶™. ¤Ú· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÙË °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·, ÙË ª¤ıÔ‰Ô ∞¶™ ÙˆÓ ∆ÚÈÒÓ, ¶ÔÛ¿ ∞Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Î·È ∞ÓÙÈÛÙÚfiʈ˜ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ∞Ó¿ÏÔÁ·, Â…, ™Ù·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋, Ù· ªÔÙ›‚·

º∞2 …ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋ ÛÙÔÌ¿ıËÌ· Ó· ηı›ÛÔ˘Ì ӷ ·Û¯ÔÏËıԇ̠‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfiÌ ·˘Ù¿,

º∞3 …·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ÛÙÔ Á˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓË ÒÚ· Ì ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ ÛÙÔ Á˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ‰¿ÛηÏÔ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ

º∞4 ∂Ì›˜ ÙÔ ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÔ˘Ì ̤۷ √ÏÈÛÙÈÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô ÛÙÔ ‰ÈÎfi Ì·˜ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·

º∞5 …ÁÂÓÈο fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ¤Ú ӷ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfiÁÓˆÚ›˙ˆ ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È‰¿Íˆ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi ηÈÛÙËÓ ŒÎÙË ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù· Û˘Ó¿ÓÙËÛ· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο̤۷ ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· (ÂÓÓÔ› ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi)

º∞6 ¡·È ¤¯ÂÈ Ì¤Û· °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·, ¯ˆÚÈṲ̂ӷ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfiÙ· ÎÂÊ¿Ï·È· fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ¯ˆÚÈṲ̂ӷ Î·È ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi ηÈÛÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô Â (…) ÓÔÌ›˙ˆ fiÙÈ Ë ÏÔÁÈ΋ Â›Ó·È °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·Ë ›‰È· ·fi ÎÂÈ Î·È ¤Ú· ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ù·ÈÚÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó

º∞7 …fiÔÈÔ˜ ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ÎÔÈÙ¿ÍÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ ™˘Ì‚·ÙfiÙËÙ· ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘‚È‚Ï›Ô Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi ‚ϤÂÈ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÁÂÓÈο ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÔ‡

H aÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

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4.2. ∂ÈÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË (Selective Coding), ∞Ó¿‰˘ÛË Ã·ÌËÏÔ‡ ∂Ȥ‰Ô˘∫·ÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ (∂ÓÓÔÈÒÓ)

™ÙÔ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ ·Ó·Ï‡ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ÎÒ‰ÈΘ Î·È ·ÊÔ‡ ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁ‹ıËηӤÁÈÓÂ Ë ÔÌ·‰ÔÔ›ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Ù· ÎÔÈÓ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¯·-Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο. ∞˘Ù‹ Ë ·Ê·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÔÌ·‰ÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Îˆ‰›ÎˆÓÔ‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙÔ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ. √È ‰‡Ô ÚÒÙ˜ ¯·-ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜ Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ∞Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 3. ™ÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÛÙ‹ÏË ÙÔ˘ ›Ó·Î· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·ÈÔÈ ÎÒ‰ÈΘ Ô˘ ÔÌ·‰ÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÁÈ· Ó· ÚÔ·„Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ η-ÙËÁÔڛ˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ‹ÏË. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ·fi ÙȘÂÙÈΤÙ˜-ÎÒ‰ÈΘ «º∞1, º∞5, º∞6, º∞7» ÚԤ΢„Â Ë ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ η-ÙËÁÔÚ›· «°ÓÒÛË ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ», ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÎÒ‰ÈΘ«º∞2, º∞3, º∞4, º∞5, º∞6, º∞7» ÚԤ΢„Â Ë ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔÚ›·«°ÓÒÛË ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜», Î.Ï. ∂‰Ò ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÌÂfiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÙÈΤÙ˜-ÎÒ‰ÈΘ «º∞5, º∞6, º∞7» ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰˘ÛË Î·È ÙˆÓ‰‡Ô ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ «°ÓÒÛË ¶™ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ» Î·È «°ÓÒÛ˶™ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜», ÁÈ·Ù› ÛÙȘ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ˜ ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ∞˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ì ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ·Ú·¿Óˆ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂÈ-¤‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜.

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3: ∞Ó¿‰˘ÛË Ã·ÌËÏÔ‡ ∂Ȥ‰Ô˘ ∫·ÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ (∂ÓÓÔÈÒÓ)

∂ÙÈΤÙ˜-∫Ò‰ÈΘ ÷ÌËÏÔ‡ ∂Ȥ‰Ô˘ ∫·ÙËÁÔڛ˜ (ŒÓÓÔȘ)

º∞1, º∞5, º∞6, º∞7 °ÓÒÛË ¶™ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

º∞2, º∞3, º∞4, º∞5, º∞6, º∞7 °ÓÒÛË ¶™ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜

∂ÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙȘ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜, ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÂÍÂÚ-Á·Û›· Î·È ÙˆÓ ˘fiÏÔÈˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, ÚԤ΢„·Ó Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ 15 ¯·ÌË-ÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜: «°ÓÒÛË ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈ-ÎÒÓ», «°ÓÒÛË ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜», «∞ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛËÙÔ˘ Ï¿ıÔ˘˜», «¢È‰·ÎÙÈΤ˜ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜, £ÂˆÚ›Â˜ Ì¿ıËÛ˘», «∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂Ӊȷʤ-ÚÔÓ Î·Ù¿ Habermas», «¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·Ù¿ Habermas», «ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈ-Îfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·Ù¿ Habermas», «ÕÁ¯Ô˜», «∂¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ì ÙȘ ∆¶∂», «¢È‰·-ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜», «ƒfiÏÔ˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡», «™¯¤ÛË ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì ÙȘ ∆¶∂»,«°ÂÓÈο ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË», «∏ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË»Î·È Ô «ƒfiÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÌÔÚʈً».

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

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4.3. £ÂˆÚËÙÈ΋ ∫ˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË (Theoretical Coding), ∞Ó¿‰˘ÛË ∂˘Ú‡ÙÂÚˆÓ∫·ÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ

™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ¤ÁÈÓ ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Î·ıÂÌ›·˜ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔÚ›·˜ ÌÂfiϘ ÙȘ ¿ÏϘ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜ Î·È ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ ÔÌÔÈ-fiÙËÙ˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÔÌ·‰ÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ, Ԣ›¯·Ó ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙÔ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚˆÓ Î·ÙË-ÁÔÚÈÒÓ. √È Glaser & Strauss (1967, ÛÂÏ. 105-115) ÂÚȤÁÚ·„·Ó ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙË Ì¤-ıÔ‰Ô Ù˘ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ ˆ˜ «Û˘Ó¯‹Û˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô».

°È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÔÈ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜ «°ÓÒÛË ¶™ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈ-ÎÒÓ, °ÓÒÛË ¶™ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜, °ÓÒÛË ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ª·ıË-Ì·ÙÈÎÒÓ, °ÓÒÛË ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜, ∞ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛËÙÔ˘ Ï¿ıÔ˘˜, ¢È‰·ÎÙÈΤ˜ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜, £ÂˆÚ›Â˜ Ì¿ıËÛ˘», Ô‰‹ÁËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ Û¯ËÌ·-ÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ηÙËÁÔÚ›·˜ «°ÓÒÛË Î·Ù¿ Shulman» Î·È ÔÈ ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÂÈ-¤‰Ô˘ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜ «∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ, ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ, ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈ-Îfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ», Ô‰‹ÁËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ηÙËÁÔÚ›·˜«∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ηٿ Habermas», Î.Ï. ™ÙÔ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ Û¯‹Ì· Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ë ‰Ë-ÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙˆÓ ÚÒÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ¢ڇÙÂÚˆÓ Î·ÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ¤Ú¢ӷ.

™¯‹Ì· 1: ∞Ó¿‰˘ÛË ∂˘Ú‡ÙÂÚˆÓ ∫·ÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ

°ÓÒÛË ¶.™. ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

°ÓÒÛË ¶.™. ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜

°ÓÒÛË ∂ÈÛÙ. ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

°ÓÒÛË ∂ÈÛÙ. ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ °ÓÒÛË Î·Ù¿ Shulman

∞ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ıÔ˘˜

¢È‰·ÎÙÈΤ˜ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜

£ÂˆÚ›Â˜ Ì¿ıËÛ˘

∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ

¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ηٿ Habermas

ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ

ªÂ ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛË Ù˘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ Ù˘ ££ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·ÎfiÌË 3 ¢ڇÙÂÚ˜ηÙËÁÔڛ˜: «¶·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ Ô˘ ÂȉÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ∂§», «√ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘-ÙÈÎfi˜ ˆ˜ ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·Ù›·˜» Î·È Ë «∂ÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ».

H aÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

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4.4. ∞ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·, ∂·ÁˆÁÈ΋ √ÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË £ÂˆÚ›·˜

∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â·ÁˆÁÈ΋ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË Ù˘ ıˆڛ·˜ ·ÔÙ˘ÒıËÎÂÛÙȘ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÂÓfiÙËÙ˜. ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·, Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÚÂȘÚÒÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ (ÌÂϤÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ∞, µ Î·È °), ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ∂§ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ٷ ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· ·1) ÁÈ·ÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÏË-ÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜, ·2) ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛË ¶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Î·È ·3) ÁÈ· ÙË°ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ-΋˜, ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Û˘ÓÔ„ÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ˆ˜ ÂÍ‹˜:

√È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ÁÓÒÚÈ˙·Ó ÙÔ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ∞ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈ-ÎÒÓ Ô˘ ‰›‰·Í·Ó, ·ÏÏ¿ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ·Ó Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ∞ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜. ∂›Û˘ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ¶·È‰·-ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛË ¶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙ· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔ-ÚÈ΋ Î·È ÂÓ›Û¯˘Û·Ó ÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·-ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ. °È· ÙÔ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi∞ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ Ë ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ° ·Ó¤ÊÂÚÂ: «ÙÒÚ· ÌÔÚÒ¿ÓÂÙ· Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹Ûˆ ÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ¤˜ ÛÙ· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, ÂÓÒ ÚÈÓ Â›¯·Î¿ÔȘ ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ ÙÈ ı· Á›ÓÂÈ Ì’ ·˘Ùfi ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤ÙÛÈ Î¿ÙÈ, ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ¿ÁÓˆÛÙÔ,Î¿Ô˘ ·ÈÛı·ÓfiÛÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ‹ÌÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ¤Ï·ÁÔ˜, ÂÓÒ ÙÒÚ· Ϙ ÂÓÙ¿ÍÂÈ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È¤Ï·ÁÔ˜, ¤Ó· ‰‡Ô ÙÚ›· ‚‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ı· οӈ, ı· ‚Úˆ ÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË», Ë ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ-Îfi˜ ∞: «∆Ô Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi ÓÔÌ›˙ˆ fiÙÈ ÌÔÚÒ ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ηϿ Ó· ÙÔ‰Ô˘Ï¤„ˆ fï˜ ÈÛÙ‡ˆ fiÙÈ ·ÎfiÌË ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÌ·È ÂÍ¿ÛÎËÛË Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ οÔÈ· ‚Ô‹-ıÂÈ· ÁÈ· ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ·ÎfiÌ·, ͤڈ Áˆ ̤¯ÚÈ Ó· ÊÙ¿Ûˆ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ó· ˆ fiÙÈÙÔ ‰Ô˘Ï‡ˆ ¤ÙÛÈ fiˆ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ», Î·È Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ µ: «…ÙÒÚ· ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ-̤ÓÔ ÎÔÌÌ¿ÙÈ Ù˘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜ Î·È ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ô˘ οӷÌ ÓÈÒıˆ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ·Ú΋˜ Î·È ¿ÏÈ ÓÔÌ›˙ˆ fiÙÈ ·Ó ÙÔ Í·Ó·Î¿Óˆ ÌÔÚ› Î¿Ô˘ Ó· ÎÔÏ-Ï‹Ûˆ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÙÔ Î¿Óˆ Î·È ÌfiÓÔ˜ ÌÔ˘, ‰Â ÓÈÒıˆ ·ÎfiÌ·, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·ÙÔ ‰ÔÎÈÌ¿Ûˆ Í·Ó¿ ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ ‹ Â‰Ò ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ի.

∂ÈÚfiÛıÂÙ· ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜, ÙÚÔÔÔ›ËÛ·Ó Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi‚·ıÌfi ÙȘ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜ (¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛË ¶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘)Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ∂§ ˆ˜ ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· ÙÔ˘˜. √ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ µ ·Ó¤ÊÂÚÂ: «¢Ô˘Ï‡ÔÓÙ·˜ Ì ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi Î·È ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ˘˜˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ¤˜ Ù· ·È‰È¿ ›¯·Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚË ‰È¿ıÂÛË ÁÈ· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·, ‰Ô‡Ï¢·ÓÈÔ ÔÌ·‰Èο, οÔÈÔ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÏÂÁ ٷ ÛÙÔȯ›·, ¿ÏÏÔ˜ Ù· ¤ÁÚ·Ê Û ›Ó·Î˜, ο-ÔÈÔÈ ¿ÏÏÔÈ Ù· ¤ÚÓ·Á·Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ¤˜, ‰ÔΛ̷˙·Ó Ô Î·ı¤Ó·˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ-ο ›‰Ë ‰È·ÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ˘‹Ú¯Â Ôχ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· ·fi fiÙÈ ·-Ú·‰ÔÛȷο», Ë ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ∞: «…fiÙÈ ÂΛÓË ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤Ó· ¿Ú ‰Ò-Û ÛÙË Ì¿ıËÛË ‰ÂÓ ‹ÌÔ˘Ó ÂÁÒ ·fi ¿Óˆ, ÁÂÓÈο ‰ÂÓ ‹ÌÔ˘Ó· Ë Î˘Ú›·Ú¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘·È¯ÓȉÈÔ‡ ·ÏÏ¿ ÚÔÛʤڷÓÂ Î·È ÂΛӷ (Ù· ·È‰È¿) Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÌÔ˘ ‰Â›Í·ÓÂ

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

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Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›· ÂÁÒ Ù· ‰¤¯ÙËη Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË Â˘¯·Ú›ÛÙËÛË, Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔ-ÔÈ‹Û·Ó fiÙÈ Ë Û¯¤ÛË Ì·˜ Â›Ó·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋, fiÙÈ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· Ô-χ ÈÔ ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Û¯¤ÛË ·fi ·˘Ù‹Ó fiÙÈ ÂÁÒ Â›Ì·È Ô ·Ú¯ËÁfi˜ ·È‰È¿ Î·È ÂÛ›˜Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ›ٷÈ, ÁÂÓÈο Á›Ó·Ì fiÏÔÈ ÌÈ· ÔÌ¿‰·» Î·È Ë ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ °:«∂›Ó·È ÔÌ·‰ÔÛ˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÈ΋ ϤÔÓ Ë ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·, ηı·Ú¿ ÔÌ·‰ÔÛ˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÈ΋,ÂÓÒ ·ÏÈfiÙÂÚ· οÔȘ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÔÌ·‰ÔÛ˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÈ΋, ‚·ÛÈο Ô ‰¿ÛηÏÔ˜ÌÈÏ¿ÂÈ, ÂÓÒ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ¤˜ Á›ÓÂÙ·È È· ηı·Ú¿ ÔÌ·‰ÔÛ˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÈ΋, η-ı·Ú¿ È·».

√È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Ù˘ ∞’ Î·È µ’ Ù¿Í˘ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛ·Ó ÙÔ ∂§ ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· Â̤‰ˆÛË Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ·Ó ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤Ó· Û¯¤‰È· Ì·ı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. √È ÂÎ-·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› fï˜ ÙˆÓ ˘fiÏÔÈˆÓ Ù¿ÍÂˆÓ (°’, ¢’, ∂’ Î·È ™∆’) ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ·ÓÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ÛÂÓ¿ÚÈ· Î·È ÂÓ¤Ù·Í·Ó Ù· ∂§ ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· Î·È ÙË Ì¿ıËÛËÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ/ÙÚÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜, ·ÍÈÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ «ÌÈÎÚfiÎÔÛÌÔ˘˜» ÙˆÓ ∂§ «™Ù·ÙÈ-ÛÙÈ΋», «ÃÂψÓÔÛÂÏ›‰·» Î·È «ªË¯·Ó‹ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘ÚÒ», Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ٷ Ù˘Èοۯ¤‰È· Ì·ı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ۯ‰›·˙·Ó Î·È ÂÊ¿ÚÌÔ˙·Ó ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÈÓÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛ˘.

ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙË °ÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓÎ·È Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜, fiÏÔÈ ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Ï¤ÔÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÍÔÓ˜-ÂÓfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ËÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ° ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ:«∞ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Î·È Ú¿ÍÂȘ, ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, χÛË ÚÔ‚ÏË-Ì¿ÙˆÓ, ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈΤ˜ Â›Ï˘Û˘ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÎÏ¿ÛÌ·Ù·, ‰Âη‰ÈÎÔ› ·ÚÈıÌÔ›ÎÏ». °È· ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÍÂηı·Ú›˙Ô˘Ó fiÏÔÈ ÔÈÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfiÛ¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Î·È ÙÔ Á˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ µ ·Ó¤ÊÂÚÂ: «™ÙÔÁ˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ͯˆÚÈÛÙfi Ì¿ıËÌ·, ÔÈ ÒÚ˜ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ·Á-̤Ó˜ ÛÙÔ ˆÚÔÏfiÁÈÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Â›Ó·È ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈÎfi ηȉÂÓ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ·ÚfiÓ ÛÙÔ ˆÚÔÏfiÁÈÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·».

∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ∂§ ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûη-Ï›· Î·È fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙ· ηٿ Habermas ÁÓˆÛȷο ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ÙˆÓ ÂηÈ-‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ‚1) ÙÔ ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ, ‚2) ÙÔ ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÎ·È ‚3) ÙÔ ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ê¿ÓËΠfiÙÈ:

√È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ÎÈÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÂ Â›Â‰Ô ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ·Ô-ÎÙÒÓÙ·˜ Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›· «Û¯ÂÙÈ΋˜» ¯ÂÈڷʤÙËÛ˘. ÀÈÔı¤ÙËÛ·Ó ·˘ıÂÓÙÈΤ˜ Ì·-ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜, ÂÓÙ·Á̤Ó˜ Û ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ Â›Ï˘Û˘ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ·fi ÙÔÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÎfiÛÌÔ Î·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ. ÷ڷ-ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Ë ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ° ·Ó¤ÊÂÚÂ: «™ÙËÓ ÂÓfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ ‰Ô˘Ï¤„·Ì Ì ÙÔÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi οӷÌ ¿ÏϘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ (·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Û ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ÂÎÙfi˜ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘) Î·È ÂÂȉ‹ ÙÔ Û˘Ó‰˘¿Û·ÌÂ Î·È Ì ÙË °ÂˆÁÚ·Ê›·, οӷ-ÌÂ Î·È ÙË ™Ù·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋. ∆· ·È‰È¿ Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛ·Ó ıÂÚÌÔÎڷۛ˜ ·fi ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜

H aÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

15

fiÏÂȘ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ì·˜ Û ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÒÚ˜ Ù˘ Ë̤ڷ˜, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰Â˜ ·fi ÙÔ ‰È·‰›ÎÙ˘Ô, ˘ÔÏfiÁÈÛ·Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ̤ÛÔ˘˜ fiÚÔ˘˜, ¤ÊÙÈ·-Í·Ó ÙȘ ÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ…». ∂›Û˘ Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ µ ‰‹ÏˆÛÂ: «∫¿Ó·-ÌÂ Û·Ó ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· (ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜ ÛÙËÓ Ù¿ÍË) ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙËÓ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ηȶÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ∞ÁˆÁ‹, ÂÌϤÎÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ù· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, … ‹Ù·Ó Î·È ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÔȉËÌÔÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜, ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤Ó· Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ô˘ ‚Ô‹ı·Á ے ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·, …,Ó·È Ë ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ Â›Ó·È Î·È Î¿ÔÈ· ¿ÏÏË, ·ÏÏ¿ ¿ÓÙ· ı·‹Ù·Ó Ì ÁÓÒÌÔÓ· ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂ-ÓÔ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ·È‰È¿ ¤Ó· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ, ¤Ó· ΛÓËÙÚÔ» Î·È Ë ÂÎ·È‰Â˘-ÙÈÎfi˜ ∞: «…Â Í¤Ê˘Á· ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ·fi ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ ÁÂÓÈο fiÙÈ Í¤ÚÂȘ Ù· ÚÔ-‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· χÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ·˘Ùfi, Ì ·˘Ùfi Î·È Ì ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ…·˘Ùfi ÙÔ Ì‹Ó˘Ì·¤Ú·ÛÂ Î·È Û ̤ӷ, Ô˘ ÚÔÛ¿ıËÛ· ÌÂÙ¿ ̤۷ ÛÙËÓ Ù¿ÍË Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο Ó·ÙÔ Î·ÏÏÈÂÚÁ‹Ûˆ Î·È ÛÙ· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο ‰Ô˘Ï‡ԢÌ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ Ôχ ÈÔ¿ÓÂÙ· ÈÔ ¯·Ï·Ú¿ ·fi fiÙÈ ‰Ô˘Ï‡·Ì … Ì·˜ ‚Ô‹ıËÛ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÙÔ „¿Í·-Ì ‰Ò, ‚¤‚·È· ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎfi Ì·˜ ¿ÓÔÈÍ ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ».

∞Ó Î·È ÔÈ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛ·Ó ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ‹Ù·Ó ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ, Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÎÈÓ‹ıËηÓÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜, ÂÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ ‰ÂÓ ¤ÊÙ·Û·Ó ÛÙÔ Â›-Â‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ÃÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜, ·ÊÔ‡ ‰ÂÓ ÙÚÔÔÔ›ËÛ·Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi-¯Ô˘˜ ÙˆÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ ¢∂¶¶™ Î·È ∞¶™, ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙË-ÚÈÛÙÈο ˆ˜ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· «·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÓfiÌÔ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜».

5. ∂›ÏÔÁÔ˜

™ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›· ·˘Ù‹, Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ ıÂÌÂÏȈ̤Ó˘ ıˆڛ·˜, ÂÚ¢ӋıËΠ˷ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶π ÛÙËÓ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ· ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË.

∞fi Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ Ê¿ÓËΠfiÙÈ ÔÈ ·Ó·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ›,Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙȘ ηٿ Shulman ÁÓÒÛÂȘ, ÁÓÒÚÈ˙·Ó ÙÔ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ∞ÓÙÈΛ-ÌÂÓÔ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ·Ó ÙÔ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔ-ÓÈÎfi ∞ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ· ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË. µÂÏ-Ù›ˆÛ·Ó ›Û˘ ÙËÓ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋ °ÓÒÛË ¶ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘, ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙ· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈ-ο fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋ Î·È ÂÓ›Û¯˘Û·Ó ÙË ÁÓÒÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿Ì-Ì·Ù· ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯Ô-Ï›Ԣ.

∆¤ÏÔ˜, ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ÍÂ¤Ú·Û·Ó ÙÔ ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ηٿ Haber-mas ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·È Ê¿ÓËΠfiÙÈ ÎÈÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜, ·ÔÎÙÒÓÙ·˜ Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›· «Û¯ÂÙÈ΋˜» ¯ÂÈڷʤÙËÛ˘, ·¤Ó·-ÓÙÈ ÛÙ· Û¯ÔÏÈο ‚È‚Ï›· ÙˆÓ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ.

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

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∫ˆÛÙԇϷ-ª·ÎÚ¿ÎË, ¡. & ª·ÎÚ¿Î˘, µ. (2006). ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË ÁÈ· ¤Ó·µÈÒÛÈÌÔ ª¤ÏÏÔÓ. E-Media: æËÊÈ·Îfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ª¤ÛˆÓ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∫Ú‹-Ù˘.

§˘ÎÔÛÎÔ‡ÊË, ∂. (2005). ¢È‰·Ûηϛ· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÓÓÔÈÒÓ Ì ÙË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ‹ ̤۷·fi ÌÈ· ‰È·ıÂÌ·ÙÈ΋- ‰ÔÌËÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË. ¢È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ΋ ¢È·ÙÚÈ‚‹ (·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÙË),∂ıÓÈÎfi & ∫·Ô‰ÈÛÙÚÈ·Îfi ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ıËÓÒÓ, ∞ı‹Ó·.

ª·ÎÚ‹, ∞., ∞Ú¿ÔÁÏÔ˘, ∞., ºÚ¿ÁÎÔ˘, O. & ∫˘ÓËÁfi˜, Ã. (2006). √ ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi˜ Ï·ÈÛ›ˆÓ ÂÎ-·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÂÓ·Ú›ˆÓ ˆ˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·Ó·ÛÙÔ¯·ÛÌÔ‡ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ-ÎÒÓ. ™ÙÔ æ‡ÏÏÔ˜ ¢. & ¢·Á‰ÈϤÏ˘ µ. (Â.) (2006). ¶Ú·ÎÙÈο ÙÔ˘ 5Ô˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘ ™˘Ó¤-‰ÚÈÔ˘ ∂.∆.¶.∂. - √È ∆¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›Â˜ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ∂ÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË.£ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË, 10-17.

™·Ó·Î¿, ∞. (2005). √È ¡¤Â˜ ∆¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›Â˜ ˆ˜ Ì›· ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜. ªÈ· Ì·-ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ¤Ú¢ӷ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Û ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚¿ıÌÈ·˜ ∂η›‰Â˘Û˘. ¢È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ-΋ ¢È·ÙÚÈ‚‹ (·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÙË), ∞ÚÈÛÙÔÙ¤ÏÂÈÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢, £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË.

∆¿ÙÛ˘, ∫. (2005). ™¯¤ÛË ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È °ÏˆÛÛÈÎÒÓ ÈηÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Â›Ï˘ÛË ÚÔ‚ÏË-Ì¿ÙˆÓ. ¢È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ΋ ¢È·ÙÚÈ‚‹ (·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÙË), ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ πˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ, πˆ¿ÓÓÈÓ·.

À¶.∂.¶.£.-¶.π. (2003). ¢È·ıÂÌ·ÙÈÎfi ∂ÓÈ·›Ô ¶Ï·›ÛÈÔ ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ, ∞Ó·Ï˘ÙÈο¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ ÀÔ¯ÚˆÙÈ΋˜ ∂η›‰Â˘Û˘ (ÙfiÌÔÈ ∞’ Î·È µ’). ∞ı‹Ó·.

ºÚ·ÁοÎË, ª. (2008). ¢ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ∏ÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ª¿ıËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈ΋·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ∆¯ÓÔÏÔÁÈÒÓ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ & Ù˘ ∂ÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ڿÍË: ªÂϤÙË ÂÓfi˜ ¶ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÈÎÔ‡ ªÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘ ∂Ê·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ Ì ¯ÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙÈÎfi ÁÓˆÛÈ·Îfi ÂӉȷ-ʤÚÔÓ. ¢È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ΋ ¢È·ÙÚÈ‚‹ (·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÙË), ∂ıÓÈÎfi & ∫·Ô‰ÈÛÙÚÈ·Îfi ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ∞ıËÓÒÓ, ∞ı‹Ó·.

ÃÈÔÓ›‰Ô˘-ªÔÛÎÔÊfiÁÏÔ˘, ª. & ∑˘Ì›‰Ë˜, ¢. (2006). ŒÓÙ·ÍË ÙÔ˘ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ §ÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÔ‡ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏ›Ô. ¶ÈÏÔÙÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ Û ÂͤÏÈÍË. ™ÙÔ æ‡ÏÏÔ˜ ¢. & ¢·-Á‰ÈϤÏ˘ µ. (Â.) (2006). ¶Ú·ÎÙÈο ÙÔ˘ 5Ô˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˘ ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈÔ˘ ∂.∆.¶.∂. - √È ∆¯ÓÔÏÔ-Á›Â˜ Ù˘ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ∂ÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ∂η›‰Â˘ÛË. £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË, 367-374.

æ˘¯¿Ú˘, °. (2005). ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÓÔËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›·˜ Û ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÁˆÌÂ-ÙÚÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·Û΢ÒÓ Ì ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂȉÈÎÒÓ ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙÈ΋˜ Ù¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›·˜. ¢È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ΋¢È·ÙÚÈ‚‹ (·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÙË), ∂ıÓÈÎfi & ∫·Ô‰ÈÛÙÚÈ·Îfi ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ıËÓÒÓ, ∞ı‹Ó·.

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∆Ô ¿ÚıÚÔ ˘Ô‚Ï‹ıËΠÛÙȘ 2/4/2009 ŒÁÈÓ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙfi ÛÙȘ 16/2/2010

∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·∏ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÛÂÚÈÓÒÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ

™fiÓÈ· ∫·ÊÔ‡Û˶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘

÷ÚԇϷ ™Ù·ıÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ £ÂÛÛ·Ï›·˜

ÃÚ˘Û¿ÓıË ™ÎÔ˘ÌÔ˘Ú‰‹¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘

¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë

∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› Ôοı ̷ıËÙ‹˜ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, Î·È Î·Ù’ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙËÓ·˘ÙÔÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ Ì¿ıËÌ·. ™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ÂÚÁ·-Û›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ù˘ Û¯¤Û˘ Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÙÔ˘Ì·ıËÙ‹ Î·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ Ì·ıËÙ‹ (·˘ÙÔ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË) ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Ë›‰Ú·Û‹ Ù˘ ÛÙË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË. ∏ ¤Ú¢ӷ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹-ıËΠÛÙ· ÂÛÂÚÈÓ¿ Û¯ÔÏ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ ¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘, ÌÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô˘‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ˘„ËÏfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÚÚÔ‹˜. ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔ·ÍÈÔ-ÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÛÂÚÈÓÒÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›‰ÔÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· Ì·-ıËÌ·ÙÈο, Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÙÔ˘˜ - ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ. ∏ ıÂÙÈ΋ ‹ ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛËÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙË Ï‹„Ë ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓÁÈ· ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹.

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∏ Î. ™. ∫·ÊÔ‡ÛË Â›Ó·È ·Ó·ÏËÚÒÙÚÈ· ηıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· ÛÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘, ¶∂¶∞∂™, ËÎ. Ã. ™Ù·ıÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Â›ÎÔ˘ÚË Î·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· ÛÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ £ÂÛÛ·Ï›·˜ Î·È Ë Î. ÃÚ. ™ÎÔ˘-ÌÔ˘Ú‰‹ Â›Ó·È ÂÈΛÎÔ˘ÚË Î·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· ÛÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ÈÁ·›Ô˘, ∆∂¶∞∂™.

Abstract

The process of assessment influences the self-image of the student abouthis abilities in mathematics. The purpose of this study is the investigation ofthe relationship between the assessment of the student’s environment and hisown assessment in mathematics as well as the influence of the assessment onhis school route. The research was realized in the evening schools of theDodecanese islands, an area with a large percentage of students who abandonschool. The research results showed that there are significant differencesbetween the students’ self-assessment in mathematics and their assessmentfrom their environment especially in primary school and in gymnasium.Moreover, their assessment in mathematics influences their decision-makingin their school route.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹

∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô Ù˘ ÂηÈ-‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ÁÈ· οı ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎfi ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ (Clarke, 1996-Webb,1992). ∫¿ı ۇÛÙËÌ· ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÛÙË Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈ΋ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÚÂȘ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜: Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ ¤Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ›‰ÔÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο ̤ۈ ÙˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓÙÔ˘, Ó· ÎÈÓËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ ÈηÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο ÒÛÙ ӷ ÈηÓÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ (ÙÈÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó), ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ›Û˜ ¢ηÈڛ˜ ÛÂfiÏÔ˘˜ Î·È Ó· ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÛÂÈ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÌÏÂÎfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜-‰·ÛοÏÔ˘˜, ÁÔÓ›˜, Ô-ÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡˜, ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Âη›‰Â˘Û˘-ÛÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÓ¤Ú-ÁÂȘ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÚÔ‚Ô‡Ó.

™ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ Ù¿ÍË Ë ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È ¿ÌÂÛ· Ì ÙÔ˘˜ÛÎÔÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ-΋˜ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Î·È Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì·-ıËÙ¤˜. π‰È·›ÙÂÚ·, ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› fiÙÈ Ë ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÛÙo Ì¿ıËÌ· ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÌ·-ÙÈÎÒÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ›‰Ú·ÛË ÛÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ, ηıÒ˜ ‰È·ÌÔÚ-ÊÒÓÂÈ ÙȘ ÚÔÛ‰Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙȘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ Ù¿ÍË Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÓÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›‰ÔÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜, Ë ÔÔ›· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ·ÔÙ˘¯›·˜ ‹ÂÈÙ˘¯›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ Ì¿ıËÌ· (Clarke, 1996). ∂Ô̤ӈ˜, Ë ‰È·‰Èη-Û›· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› Ô Î¿ı ̷ıËÙ‹˜ ÁÈ·ÙȘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘, Ë ÔÔ›· Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·ÈÌ ÙËÓ ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ Ì¿ıËÌ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ-ÎfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ Â›Ï˘ÛË Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ (McLeod, 1992).

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™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ Û¯¤Û˘ Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁË-Û˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÙÔ˘ Ì·ıËÙ‹ Î·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ Ì·ıËÙ‹ (·˘ÙÔ·ÍÈÔÏfi-ÁËÛË) ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë Û‡Ó‰ÂÛ‹ Ù˘ Ì ÙË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎ-·›‰Â˘ÛË Î·È ÙÔ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·˜. µ·Û›˙ÂÙ·È Û ¤Ú¢ӷԢ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËΠÛÙ· ÂÛÂÚÈÓ¿ Û¯ÔÏ›· Ù˘ ¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘ Î·È ÂÓÙ¿Û-ÛÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÓfi˜ ¢ڇÙÂÚÔ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙËÓÂÚÌËÓ›· Î·È ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË Ù˘ ·ÏÏËÏ›‰Ú·Û˘ Ù˘ Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ Âη›‰Â˘-Û˘ Ì ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ù˘ ¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘1. ∏ ÓËÛȈÙÈ΋ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘ ÂÈϤ¯ıËΠÁÈ· ‰˘Ô ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈοÙ˘: ÙÔ ˘„ËÏfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÚÚÔ‹˜ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘¯ÒÚ·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÓÈÛÔηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ‰˘Ó·-ÙÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ (‰ÔÌÒÓ Î·È ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ) ÛÙ· 18 ηÙÔÈÎË̤ӷ ÓËÛÈ¿ Ù˘.

™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›· Î·È ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο

∆Ë Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›· ÙË ‚ÈÒÓÂÈ Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ Ô Î¿ı ̷ıËÙ‹˜,ηıÒ˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› Ӥ˜ ÈÛÔÚÚԛ˜ ÛÙÔ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈ·Îfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·ÈÂȉڿ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔ›ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔÓ Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ-ÛÌfi. µ·ÛÈΤ˜ ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·˜ ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ë ¯·ÌËÏ‹ Û¯Ô-ÏÈ΋ ›‰ÔÛË, Ë ‰È·ÎÔ‹ Ù˘ ÊÔ›ÙËÛ˘ ‹ Ë Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛ‹ Ù˘ Û ۯÔÏ›· fiˆ˜ Ù·ÂÛÂÚÈÓ¿ Ì ÌÂȈ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÚÔÛ‰Ô˘. ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜, ¿ÓÙˆ˜,Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÏÂÙ¿ ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›· ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· fiÛÔ Î·È ‰ÈÂ-ıÓÒ˜ ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ‰È·ÚÚÔ‹ (¢·Ì·Ó¿Î˘, 1998; ¢ÚÂÙÙ¿ÎË, 1993; ∫·-ÏÔÁÚ›‰Ë-∫Ô˘ÙÛÔÎÒÛÙ·, 1998; ∫·Ó·Î›‰Ô˘, 1998; √∂∂∫, 1996; ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙÔ-Ô‡ÏÔ˘, 1998; ¶··ıÂÔÊ›ÏÔ˘ Î.·., 1998; ¶··ÛÙ˘ÏÈ·ÓÔ‡, 1998; ™Ù·Ì¤ÏÔ˜,2002; ºÚ·ÁÎÔ˘‰¿ÎË, 1998). √È ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ¤Ó· ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÛËÌ·-ÓÙÈÎfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙÔ˘Ó ÙË ÊÔ›ÙËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜, Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ë Û˘ÓÙÚÈ-ÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ· Ôχ ÚfiˆÚ·, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ¿ÚÔ˘Ó ·ÔÏ˘Ù‹ÚÈÔ, ·ÓÙÈÌÂ-Ùˆ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ fiϘ ÙȘ ·ÚÓËÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ Ô˘ ·˘Ù‹ Ë ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ Û˘Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È:‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ¤ÓÙ·Í˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÔÚ¿ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜, ΛӉ˘ÓÔ˜ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌÔ‡ ·fi ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ-Τ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÎÏ.

™ÙÔ ÔÏ˘ÓËÛȈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· Ù˘ ¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘, ¤¯Ô˘Ì ¤Ó· Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÙÔÔÔ›Ô ‰ÂÓ ÂÌÂÚȤ¯ÂÈ ¿ÓÙ· ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ÊÔ›ÙËÛ˘ Û ·˘-Ùfi ¯ˆÚ›˜ ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋ ÌÂٷΛÓËÛË Û ¿ÏÏË fiÏË ‹ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Û ¿ÏÏÔ ÓËÛ›. ∆ËÌÂٷΛÓËÛË ·˘Ù‹ fï˜ ‰ÂÓ ÙËÓ ·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô, ·ʛÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤-ÓÂÈ·, Ë ÔÔ›· Ì ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ù˘ ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿ ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙË ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ·fiÊ·ÛË ÌÈ·˜«ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ¤Ӊ˘Û˘» ·fi ÙËÓ Â›‰ÔÛË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô. H ıÂÙÈ-΋ ‹ ÌË ıÂÙÈ΋, ‰ËÏ·‰‹, Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ›‰ÔÛË Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ô ·ÔÊ·ÛÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ ·È‰› ηٿ ÙË Ï‹„Ë ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ.

∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·

21

™’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Î‡ÚÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ·›˙ÂÈ Ë ·fi‰ÔÛË ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο‹ ·ÎÚÈ‚¤ÛÙÂÚ· Ë ÂÓÙ‡ˆÛË Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·fi‰ÔÛË ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈ-ο ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ ·È‰›.

√È Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÒÚ· ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰Â›ÍÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë ÔÚ›· ÂÓfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹ ÛÙËÓ Âη›-‰Â˘ÛË ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ·fi ÙËÓ Â›‰ÔÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏ›Ô. ∏¯·ÌËÏ‹ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ›‰ÔÛË Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ì ٷ Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ÙȘ Ê˘ÛÈ-Τ˜ ÂÈÛً̘. ™Â ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙÔ˘ √∂∂∫ (1996) ÂÚ›Ô˘ 6 Ó¤ÔÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ 10 ‰‹Ïˆ-Û·Ó fiÙÈ Â›¯·Ó ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ÛÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ÙË ÁÏÒÛ-Û·. ªfiÓÔ 1 Ó¤Ô˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ 10 ›¯Â ‚·ıÌfi ∞ ÛÙÔ ·ÔÏ˘Ù‹ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡. √È 7Ó¤ÔÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ 10 Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ, ÚÈÓ ‰È·Îfi„Ô˘Ó ÙË ÊÔ›ÙË-Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜, ‰‹ÏˆÛ·Ó fiÙÈ Ù· Ì·ı‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ›¯·Ó ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ‹Ù·Ó ηٿ ÛÂÈ-Ú¿ Ù· ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, Ë •. °ÏÒÛÛ·, Ë º˘ÛÈ΋ Î·È Ë ÃËÌ›· ∂›Û˘, ÛÙËÓ ›‰È·¤Ú¢ӷ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› Ë ··Ú¤ÛÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ (Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ‰ËÏÒ-ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ: «‰ÂÓ Ù· ‹Á·ÈÓ·Ó Î·Ï¿ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ի ‹ «‰ÂÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÚÂÛ ÙÔÛ¯ÔÏ›Ի), Ô˘ ›¯Â ·Ú¯›ÛÂÈ Ó· ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏ›Ô.

™Â ¤Ú¢ӷ Ù˘ ¢ÚÂÙÙ¿ÎË (1993) ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈ-ÛÙÈΤ˜ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ô˘ ‰È¤ÎÔ„·Ó ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô: «¢ÂÓ Â·Ó¤Ï·‚· ÙË ¯ÚÔ-ÓÈ¿, ÁÈ·Ù› ÓfiÌÈ˙· fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ı· ÂÚÓÔ‡Û· Ê˘ÛÈ΋ Î·È Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο..», «¢ÂÓ ‹ıÂÏ·Ó· ‰È·‚¿Ûˆ. ŒÌÂÈÓ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, ‰ÂÓ ‹Á· Ó· ‰ÒÛˆ. ¢ÂÓ ‹ıÂÏ· Ó· ‰ÒÛˆ ÂÍÂ-Ù¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÙË ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿ Ì ÙÔ ˙fiÚÈ ÙËÓ ¤‚Á·Ï·. √È ÁÔÓ›˜ ÌÔ˘ Ì ›ÂÛ·Ó Ó· Û˘Ó¯›-Ûˆ. ∆ÒÚ· Â›Ì·È ÂÚÁ¿ÙÚÈ· Û ‚ÈÔÙ¯ӛ·. ¢ÂÓ ÙÔ ¤¯ˆ ÌÂÙ·ÓÈÒÛÂÈ.», «¢˘ÛÎÔÏ¢fi-ÌÔ˘Ó·. ¢ÂÓ Î·Ù·Ï¿‚·ÈÓ· ΢ڛˆ˜ Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Á·ÏÏÈο. ™˘Ó¯›˙ˆ Ó· ‰›ÓˆÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· Ó· ¿Úˆ ÙÔ ·ÔÏ˘Ù‹ÚÈÔ.», «∏ ÚÒÙË °˘ÌÓ·Û›Ô˘ ›¯Â ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜.ŒÌÂÈÓ· Û 4 Ì·ı‹Ì·Ù·: ÌÔ˘ÛÈ΋, ÁˆÁÚ·Ê›·, Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ¯ËÌ›·. ªÂÚÈÎԛηıËÁËÙ¤˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤‰ÈÓ·Ó ÛËÌ·Û›· Û ÌÂÚÈÎÔ‡˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜. ¢ÂÓ Ù· ‘·ÈÚÓ·.», «¢ÂӉȿ‚·˙· ‰ÂÓ ÌÔ˘ ¿ÚÂÛ·Ó Ù· ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·, ΢ڛˆ˜ Ù· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, Ì’ ¿ÚÂÛ ÈÔÔχ Ë ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿. ◊Ù·Ó Î·È ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÔ› ÏfiÁÔÈ.» (ÛÂÏ. 235-238).

∂›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi fiÙÈ Ë ¿Ô„Ë ÂÓfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· Ì·ıË-Ì·ÙÈο (·˘ÙÔÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË, ·˘ÙÔ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË, ·˘ÙÔ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë) Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È ıÂÙÈοÌ ÙËÓ Â›‰ÔÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ Ì¿ıËÌ· (Fennema, 1989; Marsh et al.,1988; Shen & Pedulla, 2000). °ÂÓÈο, Ë Ê‡ÛË Ù˘ Û¯¤Û˘ Ù˘ ·˘ÙÔ·ÓÙ›Ï˄˘Ì ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ›‰ÔÛË ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓ Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ Ê·Ó›fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ‚·ıÌfi˜ Û˘Ó¿ÊÂÈ·˜ ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ ÁÂÓÈ΋˜ ·˘ÙÔ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë˜Î·È Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ›‰ÔÛ˘, «Ë ÔÔ›· ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ fiÙ·Ó Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·ÈË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ›‰ÔÛË Ì ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·˘ÙÔ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë Ô˘¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ·È‰› ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô (°ÏÒÛÛ·, ª·ıË-Ì·ÙÈο ÎÏ)» (¶ÔÏ˘¯ÚfiÓË, 2005, ÛÂÏ. 102). º·›ÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ·Ó ·ÈÛı¿ÓÂÙ·È Î¿-ÔÈÔ˜ ÈηÓfi˜ ‹ fi¯È Â›Ó·È ¿ÌÂÛË Û˘Ó¿ÚÙËÛË Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Â·˘ÙfiÙÔ˘ (¢ÂÚÌÈÙ˙¿ÎË, 2001). ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ÔÈ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ ıˆڛ˜ Û˘ÌʈÓÔ‡Ó Ì «ÙËÓÔÏ˘‰È¿ÛÙ·ÙË ‰ÔÌ‹ Ù˘ ·˘ÙÔ·ÓÙ›Ï˄˘, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÙÔ ¿ÙÔÌÔ

M¤ÓÙÔÚ·˜

22

·ÓÙÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔÌ›˜ Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜, ËÛÔ˘‰·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ‰È·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ÙÔ˘ οı ÙÔ̤· ÁÈ· ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘» (¶ÔÏ˘¯ÚfiÓË, 2005, ÛÂÏ. 102). ∏ ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘·˘ÙÔ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·fiÎÙËÛË ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÛÙËÚ›˙Ô-ÓÙ·È Û ÌÈ· Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ¤Ó· ¿ÙÔÌÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙȘ ÌÂÌÔӈ̤Ó˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒÛÂÈ Î¿-ÔÈÔ˜ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹˜. √È ‰¿ÛηÏÔÈ Î·È ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÛË-Ì·ÓÙÈο ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Ù˘ ·˘·ÙÔ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ Ì·ıËÙ‹, Ì ٷ Û¯fiÏÈ¿ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ÙÚÔÊÔ‰ÔÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ Ì ıÂÙÈ΋ ‹ ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÎÙ›-ÌËÛË. ∂Ô̤ӈ˜, «ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÂÌ̤ۈ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÂȉfiÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·ÙË ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË ‹ ÙË Û‡ÁÎÏÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ· ÂÈÏÔÁÒÓ ÛÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘» (•·Óı¿ÎÔ˘Î.¿., 2005, ÛÂÏ. 174).

™ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ‡Û· ¤Ú¢ӷ, Ë ·Ú¯È΋ Ì·˜ ˘fiıÂÛË ‹Ù·Ó fiÙÈ Ë ·›ÛıËÛË ÌÈ·˜ η-΋˜ ›‰ÔÛ˘ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο ı· Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Û ÛÙË ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚË ·Ôı¿ÚÚ˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘Ì·ıËÙ‹ (Î·È Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ¿˜ ÙÔ˘) Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı‹ÛÂÈ ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂȘ ÁÈ·ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ ÙÔ˘. ∆Ô ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Ì·˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÂÌÈ· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘: Ë ıÂÙÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÌ·ıËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ›‰ÔÛË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡, ˆ˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹ ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏ›Ô, ÂÓı·ÚÚ‡-ÓÂÈ ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ. ∞ÎfiÌ· ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠfiÙÈ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛˉȷÎÔ‹˜ ÁÈ· ÔÏÏ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, Ë Î·Ï‹ ›‰ÔÛË ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·fiÊ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡-ÂÓ‹ÏÈη, Ó· ·ÓÂÓÙ·¯ı› ÛÙÔ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·.

∏ ¤Ú¢ӷ

∆Ô ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËΠ۠٤ÛÛÂÚȘ Ê¿ÛÂȘ: ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ÁÂÓÈÎÒÓ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘,

ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ù˘ ¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ¡ËÈ·ÁˆÁÂ›Ô ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ §‡ÎÂÈÔ,

ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ·fi„ÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ô˘ ÊÔÈÙÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙ· ÂÛÂÚÈÓ¿ Û¯ÔÏ›·Ù˘ ¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÁÂÓÈο Î·È ÙË Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈ΋Âη›‰Â˘ÛË ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ηÈ

ÙË ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ù˘ Û¯¤Û˘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ·ÏÏËÏÂȉÚÒ-ÓÙˆÓ Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ: Ì·ıËÙÈ-΋ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·- ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· - ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·, ÛÙȘ ÂȉÈΤ˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ ÙˆÓÛ¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ-ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ̤۷ ·fi ÙË ÌÂϤÙË 11 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ.

∆· ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ı· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÔ‡Û· ÌÂϤÙË ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È·fi ÙË ÙÚ›ÙË Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË Ê¿ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ηٷ-ÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÛÂÚÈÓÒÓ °˘ÌÓ·Û›ˆÓ Î·È §˘Î›-

∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·

23

ˆÓ ÛÙË ¢ˆ‰ÂοÓËÛÔ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙÔ ÚÔÊ›Ï ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙȘ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛÙȘ ·fi„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›‰ÔÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎ¿Î·È ÛÙ· ¿ÏÏ· Ì·ı‹Ì·Ù·, ÛÙË ‰È·ÎÔ‹ Ù˘ ÊÔ›ÙËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÂÌÂÈڛ˜ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙË Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË Û ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·-‰ÚÔÌ‹˜. ∏ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÛÂÚÈÓÒÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘¢ˆ‰ÂηӋÛÔ˘ ÛÙËÚ›¯ıËΠÛÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ù· Û¯ÔÏ›· ·˘Ù¿ ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È fiÙÈ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Û ̷ıËÙ¤˜ Ì ÌÂȈ̤Ó˜ ÚÔÛ‰Ô˘ ÛÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ· Ù˘ÁÓÒÛ˘, ÂÓÒ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Ë ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÓfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹ Û ÂÛÂÚÈÓfi Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ıˆÚ›-Ù·È ˆ˜ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·˜ ÛÙÔ ËÌÂÚ‹ÛÈÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô. ∂È-ϤÔÓ, ÛÙȘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ ÊÔÈÙÔ‡Ó ÔÏÏÔ› Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÌÂÙ¿·fi ‰È·ÎÔ‹ Ù˘ ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋˜ ÊÔ›ÙËÛ˘ Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÂӉȷʤ-ÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ·ÔÙ˘¯›·˜.

∏ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙËÚ›¯ıËΠÛÙË Û˘ÌÏ‹ÚˆÛË ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›-Ô˘. ∏ ¤Ú¢ӷ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËΠηٿ ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ¤ÙÔ˜ 2004-2005. ™˘ÓÔÏÈÎ¿Û˘ÌÏËÚÒıËÎ·Ó 344 ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÈ·.

¢‡Ô ‚·ÛÈο ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›Ô˘ Ù· ÔÔ›· ı· ·Ó·Ï˘ıÔ‡Ó ÛÙË·ÚÔ‡Û· ÂÚÁ·Û›· ‹Ù·Ó Ù· ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı·: ·) ™ÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Û ıˆÚÔ‡-Û·Ó Î·Ïfi, ̤ÙÚÈÔ ‹ ·‰‡Ó·ÙÔ Ì·ıËÙ‹ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο; (·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô ÂÚÒÙËÌ·˘‹Ú¯Â ÁÈ· ÙÔ °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ §‡ÎÂÈÔ). ‚) ∂Û‡ ıˆÚÔ‡Û˜ ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi ÛÔ˘:ηÏfi, ̤ÙÚÈÔ ‹ ·‰‡Ó·ÙÔ Ì·ıËÙ‹ ÛÙ· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο; (ÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ· ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û ÛÙÔ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏ›Ô, ÛÙÔ °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ §‡ÎÂÈÔ).

∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÔÈ ›Ó·Î˜ Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›ÛÂˆÓ ÌÂÙ·-‚ÏËÙÒÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Û ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ·¿ÓÙËÛË Î·È ÛÙȘ ‰‡ÔÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂȘ. √È ÂfiÌÂÓÔÈ ›Ó·Î˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈο ÙÔ ÚÔÊ›Ï ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓÔ˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙË ‚·ıÌ›‰· Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ (›Ó·Î·˜1), ÙÔÓ ÙfiÔ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ (›Ó·Î·˜ 2), ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· (›Ó·Î·˜ 3) Î·È ÙÔ Ê‡-ÏÔ (›Ó·Î·˜ 4).

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1

µ·ıÌ›‰· Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ ∞fiÏ˘Ù˜ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ˜ ™¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ˜(%)

°˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ 204 59

§‡ÎÂÈÔ 140 41

Û‡ÓÔÏÔ 344 100

∞fi ÙÔ˘˜ 344 Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ, 59% ÊÔÈÙÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÂÂÛÂÚÈÓ¿ °˘ÌÓ�