MODULE - Tradeline, Inc · 5.87 6.03 6.11 8.64 9 9 9.9 Maximum of Int Ave ... 6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS. Module 6 Concepts –Electrical Distribution Systems. Service Entrance

MODULE 6PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICSOF MODERN LABORATORY DESIGN

6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS

6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS



Module 6 PG1

MODULE 6 GOALProvide a fundamental understanding of

Laboratory Plumbing and Electrical Concepts and Systems.


Module 6 PG2

Module 6 Outline

• Issues

• Drivers

• Concepts

• Systems


Module 6 PG3

Module 6 Issues

Some of the most common concerns of laboratory facility users are relative to Plumbing and Electrical systems, including:

• “We need access to Purified Water at Every Sink!”

• “My lab is too dark!”• “My lab doesn’t have enough receptacles!”

• “My lab doesn’t have enough connectivity!”


Module 6 PG4

Module 6 Drivers ‐ Plumbing

• Water Supply• Purified Water• Wastewater and Floor Drains• Emergency Fixtures• Piped Gas Services


Module 6 PG5

Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Water SupplyUse “Industrial” or “Non‐potable” water forLaboratories• Set a separate RPZ backflow preventer


Module 6 PG6

Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Purified Water

• ASTM• Type I• Type II• Type III

• CAP/NCCLS• Type I• Type II• Type III

• USP• Semiconductor


Module 6 PG7

Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Purified WaterWhat kind of purified water do I need?

Pharmaceutical I I I‐II I I‐II I I I

Academic Research II‐III I I‐II I‐II I‐II I I I

Micro‐electronics I I‐II

Clinical I‐II II I I‐II II I I

Environmental I‐II I‐II II‐III II II IIMass S

pectrometry

HPLC

Common Applications and Purified Water TypesBu

ffer Preparatio

n

Sample Prep

aration

Glassware Wash/Rinse

Cell Cu

lture

Diagno

stics

Molecular Biology


Module 6 PG8

Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems –Wastewater/DrainsWastewater treatment is rarely required

• Chemical and waste management plans are required

• Chemicals should not be dumped in drains

• Perchloric acid hood is an exception

‐ Wastewater requires PH adjustment

• Review the lab processes carefully

• Do not put floor drains in the lab


Module 6 PG9

Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems –Emergency FixturesOSHA Requires Eyewash and Safety Shower if corrosives are used

• ANSI Z358.1‐2009

• Location and clearance requirements

• Regular testing required

• Use only ANSI approved fixtures

• “Tepid” water required

• 10 seconds to reach

• Path not hindered with obstructions

• Many styles and types available


Module 6 PG10

Module 6 Plumbing Concepts/Systems – Piped Gas ServicesIndividual Cylinders, Manifolded or Bulk?

• What gases are needed?

• How much will be used?

• How critical is uninterrupted supply?

• Location of use points

• OSHA requires tank restraints

• Distributed versus point of use

• Piping material


Module 6 Drivers – Facility Power Distribution SystemsElectrical Distribution System Considerations• Size of Facility

• Configuration of Facility

• Composition of Facility

• Code Compliance

• Design Standards

• HVAC Systems/Equipment• Service Voltage (480Y/277V or 208Y/120V)• Voltage Drop

• Type of Equipment

• Future Growth

Module 6 PG11


Module 6 Drivers – Facility Power Distribution SystemsDetermination of Facility Service Voltage

480Y/277V, 3‐Phase, 4‐Wire Service:

• Over 1200 Amps at 208V

• Larger Facility with Larger Equipment Loads

• Reduced Electrical Losses due to Voltage Drop

• Voltage Flexibility for Laboratory Equipment

208Y/120V, 3‐Phase, 4‐Wire Service:

• 1200 Amps or Less at 208V

• Distribution Panel vs Switchboard

• Small Facility/Reduced Electrical Losses (12,000 gsf; 30W/gsf)

• No Dry Type Transformers

• Consider Future Expansions

Module 6 PG12


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Loads

Lighting (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5)Receptacles (4.5 ‐ 20) (2 ‐ 4) 3HVAC (9 ‐ 10) (9 ‐ 10) (2 ‐ 4)Laboratory Equipment (4 ‐ 8) (4 ‐ 8)Elevators (1 ‐ 1.5) (1 ‐ 1.5) (0.5 ‐ 1)Miscellaneous (1 ‐ 2) (1 ‐ 2) 1Total (22 ‐ 45) (19.5 ‐ 29) (9 ‐ 12.5)

Normal Power Load Calculations (Preliminary Demand)Laboratory (VA/sq ft)

Animal (VA/sq ft)

Other (VA/sq ft)

Lighting (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5)Receptacles (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2.5 ‐ 3.5) (2 ‐ 4)HVAC (8 ‐ 12) (8 ‐ 12) (4 ‐ 8)Laboratory Equipment (5 ‐ 10) (4 ‐ 8)Elevators (1 ‐ 1.5) (1 ‐ 1.5) (0.5 ‐ 1)Miscellaneous (1 ‐ 2) (1 ‐ 2) (1 ‐ 2)Total (20 ‐ 32.5) (19 ‐ 30.5) (10 ‐ 18.5)

Normal Power Load Calculations (Preliminary Demand)Laboratory (W/sq ft)

Animal (W/sq ft)

Other (W/sq ft)

According to TimAccording to the NIH – Design Requirements Manual

Note: Power Factor is the ratio of true power (W) to apparent power (VA); VA = W/PF; The Watt rating determines the actual power purchased from the utility company and the heat loading generated by the equipment. The VA rating is used for sizing wiring and circuit breakers.

Module 6 PG13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Building 5

Building 6

Building 7

Building 8

Building 9

Building 10

Building 11

Building 12

Building 13

Building 14

Building 16

Building 29

Building 30

Building 31

Building 32

Building 36

Building 38

Building 39

Building 43

Building 48

Building 56

Building 57

Building 59

Building 60

Building 63

Building 66

Building 69

Building 72

Building 73

Building 74

5.6 6.1

8.2

4.8

74.1

1214.5

9.6

8.2

4.2

6.5

13.9

3.8

8.1

9.4 9.6

8.8

8.2

106.1

2.1

6.8

5.5

7.1

5.4

6.7 7

5.1

2.9

Total Elect Dem (W/GSF) for Various Labs



Labs21 Best Practice Guide ‐Right‐Sizing Laboratory Equipment Loads

W/gsf

Facility ID Module 6 PG14

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Building D5

Building A1

Building A3

Building D4

Building D6

Building D1

Building D3

Building F2

Building D2

Building B1

Building D7

Building C3

Building C2

Building A2

Building F1

Building C1

Building A4

1.14

1.68 1.83

1.85 2

3.22 3.32 3.52 3.

92 4.09

5.87 6.03 6.11

8.64 9 9

9.9

Maximum of Int Ave W/SF (Demand) ‐Plu/Equip Loads ‐Biology Labs

Labs21 Technical Bulletin ‐Measured Peak EquipmentLoads in Laboratories



W/gsf

Building/Space ID Module 6 PG15

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Building A8

‐Ch

em

Building A7

‐Ch

em

Building A5

‐Ch

em

Building A6

‐Ch

em

Building A9

‐Eq

uip

Building C4

‐Eq

uip

Building A1

0 ‐E

quip

Building C5

‐Eq

uip

1.77 2.16 3.13 3.69

6.02

7.86

16.73 18

.62

Maximum of Int Ave W/SF (Demand) ‐Plug/Equip Loads ‐Chem Labs and Equip Rms

Labs21 Technical Bulletin ‐Measured Peak EquipmentLoads in Laboratories

6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICSW/gsf

Building/Space ID


Module 6 PG16

6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICSWW/SF or VA/SF/gsf

University of California ‐ Davis

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Lab 1

Lab 2

Lab 3

Lab 4

Lab 5

Lab 6

Lab 7

Design W/SF ‐ Peak Plug Load Assumed for Electrical DesignDesign Heat W/SF ‐ Peak Plug Load Assumption for Mechanical DesignMax VA/SF ‐Measured Peak Instantaneous Apparent PowerMax Ave W/SF ‐Maximum of 15 Minute Averages

Labs21 Best Practice Guide ‐Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency in Laboratories


Module 6 PG17


According to the NIH ‐ Design Requirements Manual• Using average VA/sf values for each load type

According to Tim• Using average W/sf values for each load type

• 100,000 GSF Science Facility• 11’ x 36’ Planning Module• 55% Net to Gross Ratio• 55,000 NSF

• 70% Lab/Lab Support (38,500 NSF/70,000 GSF)

• 97 Single Lab Modules• 30% Office/Conference/Support Spaces

(16,500 NSF/30,000 GSF)

Example Facility

Lighting 210 90Receptacles 840 90HVAC 665 90Laboratory Equipment 420Elevators 87.5 22.5Miscellaneous 105 30Total 2327.5 322.5

Normal Power Load Calculations (Demand)Laboratory (kW) Other (kW)

Lighting 210 90Receptacles 210 90HVAC 700 180Laboratory Equipment 525Elevators 70 15Miscellaneous 105 30Total 1820 405

Normal Power Load Calculations (Demand)Laboratory (kW) Other (kW)


Module 6 PG18


Preliminary Facility Electrical Load• Estimated Max Demand: 2,650kW• Spare Capacity (25% of Dem): 662.5kW• Total Load: 3,312.5kW

Preliminary Facility Electrical Service• At 480Y/277V, 3‐Phase:

(3,312.5 x 1,000)/(480 x 1.732) = 3,984.3A

• Service Size: 3,984.3 x 1.25 = 4,980.4A: 5,000 Amp Service

Preliminary Facility Electrical Service• At 480Y/277V, 3‐Phase:

(2,781 x 1,000)/(480 x 1.732) = 3,345A

• Service Size: 3,345 x 1.25 = 4,181.3A:4,000 Amp Service

Preliminary Facility Electrical Load• Estimated Max Demand: 2,225kW• Spare Capacity (25% of Dem): 556kW• Total Load: 2,781kW

Minimum $25,000 premium for 5,000 Amp Service


Module 6 PG19


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsService Transformer Considerations• Transformer Location and Type

• Interior versus Exterior• Dry Type versus Liquid Filled

Module 6 PG20


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsInterior Dry‐Type Substation Considerations• Minimal Impact on Site• Requires Larger Service Entrance Electrical

Room• Brings Medium Voltage into Facility• Requires Additional Clearances for

Equipment• Requires Additional Ventilation• Complicates Future Replacement• Could Compromise Facility Operation upon

Failure or Replacement

Module 6 PG21


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsExterior Pad Mount Transformer Considerations• Big “Green Box” on Site• Cost Impact Based on Location Relative to Service

Entrance Equipment• Requires Smaller Service Entrance Electrical Room• Keeps Medium Voltage Out of Facility• Requires External Clearances for Maintenance and

Safety• Requires Less Ventilation in Electrical Room• Allows for Future Replacement• Minimizes Impact on Facility Operation during

Replacement

“Beauty, like supreme dominion is but supported by opinion.”

Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, 1741

Module 6 PG22


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsService Entrance Considerations• Transformer Location is Often Dictated by Site Considerations• Transformer Location Should Allow for Ease of Service and Replacement• Transformer Should be Located Away From Windows, Doors and Exit Pathways• Transformer and Service Entrance Equipment Should be Located Adjacent to

Each Other

Cost for 2,500 Amp ServiceEntrance Cabling could be as much as $1,000 Per Linear Foot (Concrete Encased Ductbank)

Service Transformer

Service Entrance Electrical Room

Module 6 PG23


Module 6 Concepts –Electrical Distribution SystemsElectrical Room Considerations• Locate Service Entrance Electrical

Room on Exterior Wall for Protection of Service Entrance Cabling

• Stack Main Electrical Rooms on each Floor if Possible

• Locate Sub‐Panel Rooms to Minimize Voltage Drop for 20A, 120V Branch Circuits

Maximum circuit length of approx. 100’ for 8A load (3% VD using #12 AWG)

Service Entrance Electrical Room in Basement Below

Sub-Panel Electrical Rooms – Each Floor

Module 6 PG24


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsLaboratory Panelboard Considerations

Module 6 PG25


Module 6 Concepts –Electrical Distribution SystemsSystem Coordination

Image from Schneider Electric – Guide to Power System Selective Coordination 600V and Below

Normal Systems“NEC 240.12 Electrical System Coordination. Where anorderly shut down is required to minimize the hazard(s) topersonnel and equipment, a system of coordination basedon the following two conditions shall be permitted:

(1) Coordinated short circuit protection(2) Overload indication based on monitoringsystems or devices”

Emergency Systems“NEC 700.27 Coordination. Emergency system(s)overcurrent devices shall be selectively coordinated withall supply side overcurrent devices.”“NEC 701.27 Coordination. Legally required standbysystem(s) overcurrent devices shall be selectivelycoordinated with all supply side overcurrent devices.”“NEC 708.54 Coordination. Critical operations powersystem(s) overcurrent devices shall be selectivelycoordinated with all supply side overcurrent devices.”NEC – National Electrical CodeNEC Article 240 – Overcurrent ProtectionNEC Article 700 – Emergency SystemsNEC Article 701 – Legally Required Standby SystemsNEC Article 708 – Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS)

Module 6 PG26


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsElectrical Room Considerations• In Many Cases, Separate Electrical Rooms

are Required for Normal and Emergency Systems:• “NFPA 110, Section 7.2.2 Level 1 EPSS

equipment shall not be installed in the same room with the normal service equipment, where the service equipment is rated over 150 volts to ground and equal to or greater than 1000 amperes.”

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA )110 –Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Normal

Emer

Module 6 PG27


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsElectrical Room Considerations• Some Electrical Rooms Require Two Doors

• “NEC Section 110.26 (C) (2) Large Equipment. For Equipment rated 1,200 amperes or more and over 1.8 m (6 ft) wide…there shall be one entrance to and egress from the required working space…at each end of the working space.”

Door 2

Door 1

NEC Article 110 – Requirements for Electrical Installations

Module 6 PG28

Door 2

Door 1


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsElectrical Room Considerations• Some Electrical Room Doors have Special

Requirements• “NEC Section 110.26 (C) (3) Personnel

Doors. Where equipment rated 1,200 A or more…and there is a personnel door(s) intended for entrance to and egress from working space…the door(s) shall open in the direction of egress and be equipped with panic bars…”

NEC Article 110 – Requirements for Electrical Installations

Module 6 PG29


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsEmergency Electrical Distribution System Considerations• Code Considerations• Type of Facility• Design Standards• Emergency versus Standby Requirements• HVAC Systems/Equipment• Service Voltage (480Y/277V or 208Y/120V)• Location of Equipment• Voltage Drop• Type of Equipment/Fuel Source• Future Growth

Module 6 PG30


Module 6 Concepts – Electrical Distribution SystemsEmergency Electrical Distribution Preliminary Sizing and Costs• According to the NIH: .002 to .0079 kW/GSF• According to Tim: .005 to .010 kW/GSF• Estimated Cost/kW: $350 to $450

• 750 kW Diesel Generator System• Sound Attenuating Type, Weather Housing• 1,500 Gallon Dual Wall Sub‐base Fuel Tank• Remote Annunciator and Starting Batteries• Bypass Isolation Type Switches (2)• Estimated Installed Cost: $282,750 ($377/kW)

Module 6 PG31


Module 6 Drivers – Laboratory Power Distribution OptionsTypical Considerations• Voltage and Phase (120V, 208V, 240V?, single or three phase)• Electrical Load (amps, volt‐amps, watts)• Normal or Standby Power

Module 6 PG32


Module 6 Drivers – Laboratory Power Distribution OptionsTypical Considerations• Type of Connection (cord and plug, hard‐

wired)

Module 6 PG33


Module 6 Drivers – Laboratory Power Distribution OptionsReceptacles per Circuit• Maximum Load on a single 20A, 120V Branch Circuit:

• 16 amps or 1,920 VA (based on continuous loads as defined by NEC)

• Load per receptacle:• 180 VA minimum (NEC Article 220)

• Maximum Number of Receptacles per 20A Circuit:• 1,920 VA per circuit/180 VA per receptacle

= 10.667 receptacles per circuit (NEVER DO THIS IN A LABORATORY!!!!)

• Tim’s Rule of thumb:• No more than 4 receptacles per circuit,

preferably a maximum of 3Module 6 PG34


Module 6 Drivers – Laboratory Distribution OptionsMultiple Options• Surface Mounted Raceway Systems • Pedestal (tombstone) Devices• Flush Wall Mounted Devices• Miscellaneous Systems (Bus Duct, Floor

Outlets, etc.)• Overhead Service Carrier Systems

Module 6 PG35


Module 6 Drivers –Laboratory Distribution Options• Dual Channel Surface Mounted

Raceways Above Benches and in Equipment Alcoves

• Cost: $18.76/NSF of Lab Space

• Dual Channel Surface Mounted Raceways Above Peninsula Benches and Wall Devices in all other Areas


Module 6 PG36


Module 6 Drivers –Laboratory Distribution Options• Dual Channel Surface Mounted

Raceways Above Benches and in Equipment Alcoves


• Dual Channel Surface Mounted Raceways Above Peninsula Benches and Wall Devices in all other Areas


Module 6 PG37


Module 6 Drivers – FlexibilityPlanning for Flexibility• Dedicated neutral and equipment

ground conductors for all lab equipment circuits

• Circuit labels on all device plates• Minimum ¾” diameter conduit size

for laboratory circuits• Premium cost: $0.87/NSF of

laboratory space• 2‐gang outlet boxes with extension

rings, blank covers and 1” empty conduits to corridor ceiling space• Premium cost: $1.95/NSF of

laboratory space Module 6 PG38


Module 6 Drivers – Laboratory Distribution and Flexibility Options

3/4" conduit $0.87 $33,495 $0.33Empty boxes $1.95 $75,075 $0.75

1 $18.76 $722,260 $7.222 $16.71 $643,335 $6.433 $16.25 $625,625 $6.264 $19.99 $769,615 $7.70

Total Cost for Lab/Lab Support Power Distibution Cost/GSF

Option #Cost/NSF of Labs/Lab

Support




(16,500 NSF/30,000 GSF)

Example Facility

Module 6 PG39


Module 6 Concepts –Technology Systems and EquipmentConsiderations• Wireless versus wired connectivity• Connectivity everywhere• Presentation capabilities/intuitive

operation• Access control and video surveillance• Room scheduling• Impact on personnel/facilities• Staying current

Module 6 PG40


Module 6 Concepts – IlluminationDirect Illumination• Good for low floor to floor heights• Good for extreme environments• Good source of horizontal illumination• Relatively efficient (illumination versus energy)• Causes shadowing• Causes direct glare• Causes indirect glare• Causes veiling reflections• Psychological impact on perceived

illumination levels

Module 6 PG41


Module 6 Concepts – IlluminationIndirect Illumination• Good source of horizontal and vertical illumination• Reduces shadowing• Reduces issues associated with direct glare• Reduces issues associated with indirect glare• Reduces issues associated with veiling reflections• Requires increased ceiling heights/floor to floor

heights versus direct systems• Typically not as efficient as direct or direct/indirect

systems• Not good for extreme environments• Psychological impact on occupants due to

obscuration of light source*Peerless Lighting Headquarters

Module 6 PG42


Module 6 Concepts – IlluminationDirect/Indirect Illumination• Good source of horizontal and vertical

illumination• Reduces shadowing• Reduces issues associated with direct glare• Reduces issues associated with indirect glare• Reduces issues associated with veiling reflections• Typically more efficient than indirect systems• Requires increased ceiling heights/floor to

floor heights versus direct systems• Not good for extreme environments• Positive psychological impact on occupants due to

illumination of all room surfaces

Module 6 PG43


Module 6 Drivers – Illumination LevelsQuality versus Quantity Notes:

1. 1 FC = 10.76 Lux2. NIH DRM states that “Care shall be exercised in modeling

laboratories for illumination calculations as shelving shallbe assumed as fully loaded…Task lighting shall not beconsidered in lighting calculations.”

3. Lux: a unit of illuminance equal to 1 lumen per square meter.

4. FC: a unit of illuminance equal to 1 lumen per square foot.

Illumination Level Guidelines

Space Type:

NIH Design Requirements Manual (DRM) Section 10-8 Lighting Levels Chart in lux

(FC)

Laboratory/Laboratory Support 800-1075 (75-100)

Notes Category <25 25 - 65 >65 Gauge Category <25 25 - 65 >65 Gauge

Eh @ 3'; Ev @4'6" AFF R 250 (25) 500 (50) 1000 (100) Avg P 150 (15) 300 (30) 600 (60) Avg

Eh @ 3'; Ev @4'6" AFF T 500 (50) 1000 (100) 2000 (200) Avg R 250 (25) 500 (50) 1000 (100) Avg Demonstration Area

Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Table 24.2: Educational Facilities Illuminance Recommendations

Visual Ages of Observers (years) where at least half are

Recommended Maintained Illuminance Targets in lux (FC)

Horizontal (Eh) Targets Vertical (Ev) Targets

Visual Ages of Observers (years) where at least half are

Applications and TasksScience Lab

Bench

Notes:1. Table 4.1; Visual Performance Description for Categories P and R:

• Common, relatively small‐scale, more cognitive or fast‐performance visual tasks.2. Table 4.1; Visual Performance Description for Category T:

• Small‐scale, cognitive tasks

The Lighting Handbook; 10th Edition; Reference and ApplicationModule 6 PG44


Module 6 Drivers – Lighting Power DensitiesQuality versus Quantity

ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 ‐ 2010 ‐ Lighting Power Density Comparisons

0.990.990.990.99

Lighting Power Density (W/SF‐ Building Area Method)

0.990.990.99

0.99

Lighting Power Density (W/SF Space by Space

Method)

1.281.111.230.630.950.750.660.69Stairs/Vertical Circulation

Lab Storage/Shared ResourcesMechanical/Electrical/Telecom Toilets/Locker RoomsCorridors/Horizontal Circulation

Space Type:

Laboratory/Laboratory SupportOffice EnclosedConference/Meeting/Multi‐purpose

* Based on School/University

Module 6 PG45


Typical 3‐Module LaboratoryArea per Module: 363 sq. ft.

Total Laboratory Area: 1,089 sq. ft.

Module 6 Concepts – Laboratory IlluminationQuality versus Quantity

Module 6 PG46



Typical 3‐Module LaboratoryArea per Module: 363 sq. ft. (11’ x 33’)

Total Laboratory Area: 1,089 sq. ft. (3 modules)

Lighting Option 12 lamp cross section pendant mounted direct/indirect

fixtures with T5HO lamps and electronic ballastsModule 6 PG47




fixtures with T5HO lamps and electronic ballasts

• 2 lamp cross section pendant mounted direct/indirect fixtures with T5HO lamps and electronic ballasts

• Six – 12’‐0” long fixtures; 36 lamps• Total first cost: $4,797 ($4.41/SF)

• Fixtures: $4,597• Lamps: $200

• Total Watts = 2,160• Lighting power density (LPD) = 1.98W/SF

(exceeds allowable LPD of 0.99 or 1.28W/SF)• Maintained Horizontal Illumination Level at

Benchtop = 96.17 FC (meets NIH criteria; exceeds IES criteria)

• First year energy cost: $648.00• Assumes 12 hours per day (time of day scheduling); 5 days

per week; 50 weeks per year; $0.10/kWH

• 30 year life cycle cost: $40,395.38$ 4,597.00 (light fixtures) $ 30,828.87 (energy)$ 2,279.48 (lamps)$ 2,690.03 (ballasts)

Assumes group relamping every 5 yearsAssumes new electronic ballasts every 15 yearsAssumes 3% escalation per year

Module 6 PG48





Lighting Option 22 lamp high efficiency recessed fluorescent fixtures

with T8 lamps and electronic ballastsModule 6 PG49



Lighting Option 22 lamp high efficiency recessed fluorescent fixtures

with T8 lamps and electronic ballastsAssumes group relamping every 5 yearsAssumes new electronic ballasts every 15 yearsAssumes 3% escalation per year

• 2 lamp high efficiency recessed fluorescent fixtures with T8 lamps and electronic ballasts

• Thirty – 4’‐0” long fixtures; 60 lamps• Total first cost: $6,491 ($3.81/SF)


• Total Watts = 1,680• Lighting power density (LPD) = 1.54W/SF (exceeds

allowable LPD of 0.99 or 1.28W/SF)• Maintained Horizontal Illumination Level at

Benchtop = 75.13 FC (meets lower end of NIH criteria; exceeds IES criteria)




Module 6 PG50





Lighting Option 345W LED recessed fixtures

Module 6 PG51



Assumes new LED drivers every 15 yearsAssumes 3% escalation per year

Lighting Option 345W LED recessed fixtures

• 45W LED recessed fixtures• Thirty – 4’‐0” long fixtures• Total first cost: $9,750 ($3.81/SF)

• Fixtures: $9,750• Lamps: provided with fixture


allowable LPD of 0.99; meets allowable LPD of 1.28W/SF)

• Maintained Horizontal Illumination Level at Benchtop = 88.45 FC (meets NIH criteria; meets IES criteria)



• 30 year life cycle cost: $35,743.12$ 9,750.00 (light fixtures) $ 19,268.04 (energy)$ n/a (lamps)$ $6,725.08 (LED drivers)

Module 6 PG52






fixtures with T8 lamps and electronic ballastsModule 6 PG53



Assumes group relamping every 5 yearsAssumes new electronic ballasts every 15 yearsAssumes 3% escalation per year


fixtures with T8 lamps and electronic ballasts

• 2 lamp cross section pendant mounted direct/indirect fixtures with T8 lamps and electronic ballasts

• Six – 12’‐0” long fixtures; 36 lamps• Total first cost: $4,149 ($3.81/SF)



allowable LPD of 0.99; meets allowable LPD of 1.28W/SF)

• Maintained Horizontal Illumination Level at Benchtop = 51.67 FC (fails to meet NIH criteria; meets IES criteria)

• First year energy cost: $345.60• Assumes 12 hours per day; 5 days per week; 50 weeks per

year; $0.10/kWH


Module 6 PG54


Module 6 Concepts – Laboratory Illumination

1 Pendant Mounted T5HO 96.17 FC $40,395.38 $37.09 $1,428,119.492 Recessed T8 75.13 FC $34,998.32 $32.14 $1,237,314.343 Recessed LED 88.45 FC $35,743.12 $32.82 $1,263,645.664 Pendant Mounted T8 51.67 FC $23,309.24 $21.40 $824,064.04

Option #

Total Life Cycle Cost of Lab/Lab

Support Lighting

Description of Option

Maintained Horizontal Illumination

Level

30 Year Life Cycle Cost for Three Module Lab (1,089 SF)

30 Year Life Cycle Cost per

NSF of Laboratory

Area




(16,500 NSF/30,000 GSF)

Example Facility

Module 6 PG55

Documents

MODULE - Tradeline, Inc · 5.87 6.03 6.11 8.64 9 9 9.9 Maximum of Int Ave ... 6 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL BASICS. Module 6 Concepts –Electrical Distribution Systems. Service Entrance