---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Module title: 5 Runway Design Standards Matrix – AAC, ADG,

RDC, Visibility Minimums---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Overview

-Runway Design Standards Matrix-Summary-Review Questions

Assignment-Browse the online references listed below.-Read and study this lesson plan provided by your professor.-Answer the lesson plan review questions in writing.-Create a document containing only the review questions with answers, preferably in MS Word.-Save the document with the file name “YourLastName LessonNumber LessonTitle”, e.g., Cain 5 runway design standards matrix.-Upload the document into the ePortfolio Assignment Digital Dropbox.

Outcomes: After completing this module, students will be able to:1. Define runway design aircraft.2. Define AAC, ADG, and RDC.3. Given an aircraft type, determine AAC, ADG, and RDC.4. Given several aircraft types, determine the runway design aircraft.5. Describe the visibility minimums (runway) variable to be used in the Runway

Design Standards Matrix.6. Given an instrument approach procedure chart, determine the visibility minimum

category variable to be selected in the Runway Design Standards Matrix.References

AC 150/5300-13-Chapter 1 Introduction

--105 Planning 12--105e Approaches

-Chapter 2 Design Process--201 General 31--202 Design aircraft 33--205 Planned visibility minimums for instrument procedures 35

-Chapter 3 Runway Design 43--301 Introduction 43--302k Runway design standards 45--320 Runway design requirements matrix 92

-Appendix 7 Runway Design Standards Matrix 269---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Runway Design Standards Matrix - AAC, ADG, RDC, Visibility

Minimums ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Overview-Introduction-Design aircraft -Aircraft Approach Category AAC-Airplane Design Group ADG-Runway Design Code RDC-Visibility minimumsIntroduction-AC 150/5300-13A, Table 3-5 is an interactive Runway Design Standards Matrix that provides a useful organizational structure for studying runway design.

--Runway design--Runway protection--Runway separation

-The Runway Design Standards Matrix can be used to easily and interactively determine many runway design standards and dimensions.

--The entire AC 150/5300-13A Airport Design document ( Website ) should be downloaded and saved to your local computer. After the download is complete, then open your PDF document handler such as Adobe Reader. Then open the AC from within the PDF program, not the file explorer. If your computer opens a PDF document in a browser such as Internet Explorer, then the matrix may not function interactively.--If you cannot get the matrix to respond interactively, then you will have to use the manual look-up tables (Appendix 7).--Ask your instructor or fellow students for help if you cannot get the matrix to function interactively.

-The Runway Design Standards Matrix will guide sequentially the next few course lessons.

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-The entering arguments/variables for this runway design standards matrix are in the top lines and consist of:

-Aircraft Approach Category AAC-Airplane Design Group ADG-Runway Design Code RDC-Visibility minimums

-In this lesson, these four runway design standards matrix input variables will be studied.

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Runway Design Code (RDC)

Critical design aircraft - runway-Critical Design Aircraft - Runway

--Identifies the aircraft utilizing a runway that requires the largest dimensions such as runway length, width, parallel runway separation, and many other dimensions associated with runway safety.--Every runway does not have to accommodate every aircraft, i.e., there can be a different runway design aircraft for different runways.

-Design Aircraft. An aircraft with (most demanding, typically largest) characteristics that determine the application of airport design standards for a specific runway. This aircraft can be a specific aircraft model or a composite of several aircraft using, expected, or intended to use the airport or part of the airport. (Also called “critical aircraft” or “critical design aircraft.”)Aircraft characteristics and related airport design componentsThese Aircraft Characteristics Determine These Airport DimensionsApproach Speed Runway width, runway-to-taxiway separation Landing and Takeoff Distance Runway length Cockpit to Main Gear Distance (CMG) Fillet design, parking layout Main Gear Width (MGW) Taxiway width, fillet design Wingspan / Tail Height Taxiway-to-taxiway separation, runway to taxiway

separation -Airports must be designed to accommodate one or more specific aircraft expected to utilize the airport, i.e., the design aircraft.

--There can be a different design aircraft for runways and taxiways/taxilanes.-Critical Design Aircraft - Runway

--Identifies the aircraft utilizing a runway that requires the largest dimensions such as runway length, width, parallel runway separation, and many other dimensions associated with runway safety.--Every runway does not have to accommodate every aircraft, i.e., there can be a different runway design aircraft for different runways.

-The procedure to determine the runway design aircraft for a particular runway is as follows.--Starting with the largest few aircraft using the runway, determine for each aircraft the:

---Aircraft Approach Category AAC---Airplane Design Group ADG---Runway Design Code (RDC)

--The aircraft with the highest RDC is the design aircraft for that runway.Aircraft Approach Category (AAC).-Aircraft approach category (AAC). A grouping of aircraft based on aircraft approach speed, a reference landing speed (VREF), if specified, or if VREF is not specified, 1.3 times stall speed (VSO) at the maximum certificated landing weight. VREF, VSO, and the maximum certificated landing weight are those values as established for the aircraft by the certification authority of the country of registry.-VREF = approach/reference speed in landing configuration (e.g., landing gear down, flaps down) at maximum landing weight.

--Examples:Airbus 320 VREF = 136 knotsBoeing 747-400ER VREF = 157 knots

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--See AC 150/5300-13A, Appendix 1, Table A1-1, Aircraft characteristics database – sorted by aircraft manufacturer.

-Aircraft approach speeds are categorized in the following table.Table 1-1. Aircraft Approach Category (AAC)

AAC VREF/Approach Speed A Approach speed less than 91 knots B Approach speed 91 knots or more but less than 121 knots C Approach speed 121 knots or more but less than 141 knots D Approach speed 141 knots or more but less than 166 knots E Approach speed 166 knots or more

-Examples:Aircraft AAC Airbus 320 CBoeing 747-400ER D

-AC 150/5300-13A, Appendix 1, Table A1-1, Aircraft characteristics database – sorted by aircraft manufacturer, contains AACs for common aircraft.Airplane Design Group ADG-Airplane Design Group (ADG). A classification of aircraft based on wingspan and tail height.

-Wingspan. The maximum horizontal distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip, including the horizontal component of any extensions such as winglets or raked wingtips.-Tail height is not so obvious as a design runway factor.

--An aircraft holding for takeoff or on a parallel taxiway near the landing runway represents an obstacle to a landing aircraft, especially if the landing aircraft needs to go around or abort the approach. The tail height affects the safety of the overflying aircraft. Tail height will affect the runway protection zones and areas to be discussed later.

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-Knowing tail height and wingspan, ADG is determined from Table 1-2. When the aircraft wingspan and tail height fall in different groups, the higher group is used.

Table 1-2. Airplane Design Group (ADG)ADG

Group #Tail Height (ft [m]) Wingspan (ft [m])

I < 20ʹ (< 6 m) < 49ʹ (< 15 m)II 20ʹ - < 30ʹ (6 m - < 9 m) 49ʹ - < 79ʹ (15 m - < 24 m)III 30ʹ - < 45ʹ (9 m - < 13.5 m) 79ʹ - < 118ʹ (24 m - < 36 m)IV 45ʹ - < 60ʹ (13.5 m - < 18.5 m) 118ʹ - < 171ʹ (36 m - < 52 m)V 60ʹ - < 66ʹ (18.5 m - < 20 m) 171ʹ - < 214ʹ (52 m - < 65 m)VI 66ʹ - < 80ʹ (20 m - < 24.5 m) 214ʹ - < 262ʹ (65 m - < 80 m)

-Examples:Aircraft Tail Height Wingspan ADG

Boeing 747-400ER 64.3 212.9 VAirbus 320 39.6 ft 117.5 ft III

-Alternatively, ADG can be determined directly from AC 150/5300-13A, apprndix A, Table A1-1.-International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) uses similar aircraft categories, referred to as aircraft codes, which are approximately equal to the FAA ADG.

Transportation Review Board (TRB), Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) ACRP Report 96, Apron Planning and Design Guidebook, Table 4-1

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Transportation Review Board (TRB), Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 25, Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design, Volume 1: Guidebook, Appendix D

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Runway Design Code (RDC)-Runway Design Code (RDC). A code signifying the design standards to which the runway is to be built.-Remember this acronym! AAC+ADG=RDC

--AAC is a capital letter, A through E, e.g., C.--ADG is a Roman numeral, I through VI, e.g., III--RDC is the sum of AAC and ADG = C-III--Higher letters and higher numbers indicate larger aircraft.

-RDC selection is required in Table 3-5 Runway design standards matrix.--30 RDC selections

---Top to bottom in a column = slow to fast.---Left to right by columns = small to large

A-I Small AircraftA-IA-II Small AircraftA-IIA-IIIA-IV

B-I Small AircraftB-IB-II Small AircraftB-IIB-IIIB-IV

C-IC-IIC-IIIC-IVC-VC-VI

D-ID-IID-IIID-IVD-VD-VI

E-IE-IIE-IIIE-IVE-VE-VI

Runway approach visibility minimums.-The final ingredient or entering argument in the runway design standards matrix is visibility minimums.

-*Visibility minimums refer to the lowest visibility required to land from a particular instrument approach procedure (IAP). -Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP). A series of predetermined, approved maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.

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Runway Design Code (RDC)

Small a/c to large a/c

Slow a/c to fast a/c

-3 approach procedure classifications--Precision instrument--Non-precision instrument--Visual

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--Precision instrument---Provides both vertical and horizontal electronic guidance to the runway threshold and permits landings with visibility below 3/4 mile (4000 RVR).

---Example: ILS approach---Threshold (TH). The beginning of that portion of the runway available for landing. In some instances, the threshold may be displaced. “Threshold” always refers to landing, not the start of takeoff.---Precision Approach (PA). An instrument approach procedure that provides course and vertical path guidance with visibility below 3/4 mile (4000 RVR).---Precision Runway. A runway with at least one end having a precision approach procedure. ---Precision instrument approaches are also classified by categories---Category-I (CAT-I). An instrument approach or approach and landing with a Height Above Threshold (HATh) or minimum descent altitude not lower than 200 ft and with either a visibility not less than ½ statute mile (800m), or a runway visual range not less than 1800 ft.

----Any instrument rated pilot can land from CAT I approaches---Category-II (CAT-II). An instrument approach or approach and landing with a Height Above Threshold (HATh) lower than 200 ft (60 m) but not lower than 100 ft (30 m) and a runway visual range not less than 1200 ft (350m).

----Category II approaches require special certification for the pilots, ground equipment, and airborne equipment.

---Category-III (CAT-III). An instrument approach or approach and landing with a Height Above Threshold (HATh) lower than 100 ft (30m), or no HATh, or a runway visual range less than 1200 ft (350m).

----Category III approaches require special certification for the pilots, ground equipment, and airborne equipment.

--Non-precision instrument---Provides only horizontal electronic guidance to the runway threshold.

---Example: Localizer or VOR approach---Non-Precision Approach (NPA). A straight-in instrument approach procedure that provides course guidance, with or without vertical path guidance, with visibility minimums not lower than 3/4 mile (4000 RVR).---Non-Precision Runway. A runway (other than a precision runway) with at least one end having a non-precision approach procedure.

--Visual---No electronic guidance provided.---Glide path lighting (VASI, PAPI) may be provided.---Visual Runway. A runway without an existing or planned instrument approach procedure.

-Visibility minimums are published in each IAP chart for a particular runway.

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--Example: Aircraft in AAC A through D require 1,800 feet RVR visibility in order to land from the straight-in ILS approach to runway 9R.

-Visibility minimums may be published in RVR (ft) (normal) or statute miles (abnormal).-Runway visual range (RVR). RVR is the distance over which a pilot of an aircraft on the centerline of the runway can see the runway surface markings delineating the runway or identifying its center line.-The following table is used to convert RVR to statute miles if necessary.

--For converting RVR values that fall between listed values, use the next higher RVR value: do not interpolate. For example, when converting 1800 RVR, use 2400 RVR with the resultant visibility of “lower than ¾ mile but not lower than ½ mile.*--For the runway design standards matrix, 1800 feet RVR is in the “lower than ¾ mile” category.

Airport Reference Code (ARC)-An airport designation that signifies the airport’s highest Runway Design Code (RDC), minus the third (visibility) component of the RDC. The ARC is used for planning and design only and does not limit the aircraft that may be able to operate safely on the airport.

Example ARCs (normally found in the Airport Layout Plan)Atlanta Hartsville ATL E-VIMelbourne, FL MLB D-V

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AC 150/5300-15A contains an interactive runway design standards matrix to determine runway

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design, runway protection, and runway separation dimensions.-The runway design aircraft is the aircraft that requires the highest runway design code and greatest dimensions as determined from the runway design standards matrix.-Required aircraft and runway characteristics inputs into the runway design standards matrix are (1) aircraft approach category, (2) airplane design group, (3) runway design code, and (4) runway visibility minimums.-Aircraft approach speed determines aircraft approach category.-Airplane design group is determined from aircraft wingspan and tail height.-Runway design code is determined by combining aircraft approach category with airplane design group.-Runway visibility minimums are the lowest visibility required to land from a given instrument approach procedure.

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Review Questions – 5 Runway design standards matrix – AAC,

ADG, RDC, visibility minimums---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name _______________________________________________________________

Scoring rubric for 5 Runway design standards matrix – AAC, ADG, RDC, visibility minimums Question Value Points lost

1 102 103 104 105 106 107 208 109 10

Total points lostFinal score

1. Define runway critical design aircraft. What makes it “critical”?2. Identify the single aircraft characteristic needed to determine its AAC.3. Determine the AAC for the following aircraft:

Aircraft VREF AAC1 126 knots C2 146 knots D

4. Identify the two aircraft characteristics needed to determine its ADG.5. Determine the ADG for the following aircraft:

Aircraft Tail Height Wingspan ADG1 39.6 feet 117.5 feet2 43.5 feet 118.5 feet

6. Identify the two parameters that in combination determine the RDC.7. (a) Determine AAC, ADG, and RDC for the following aircraft:

Note: Read the AAC, ADG, and RDC directly from Table A1-1, columns 3 and 4. Do not try to analyze each dimension because some unexplained anomolies may exist such as the Airbus 380-800 AAC.

Aircraft AAC ADG RDCAirbus A-340-600Airbus A-380-800Boeing 737-700Boeing 767-300

(b) Which of the above aircraft would be identified as the runway design aircraft?

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8. Describe the runway visibility minimums variable used in the Runway Design Standards Matrix.

9. Select the answer (a-d) that identifies the visibility minimums category to be used in the Runway Design Standards Matrix for an AAC D aircraft flying the ILS straight-in approach to runway 17L at Orlando International Airport.

a. Visualb. Not lower than 1 milec. Not lower than ¾ miled. Lower than ¾ mile

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