Module Focus: Biology USE ONE WHOLE PAGE – Copy and leave 5 lines of empty space, then write one sentence for each questions for as much as you know. The

Module Focus: Biology• USE ONE WHOLE PAGE – Copy and leave 5 lines of

empty space, then write one sentence for each questions for as much as you know.

The Questions:

1.How is a body healthy?

2.How is our living environment healthy?

3.How do we ended up like us now?

Module 5 – Health, Ecosystem, Adaptation & Inheritance

© Boardworks Ltd 20062 of 36

Behaviour Focus: Help yourself with all work done before helping anyone

• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning objectives

The Big Question: How do we know what’s healthy?

L.O.1: What do we need to have a healthy body?

L.O.2: Where do we get them?

L.O.3: How can we test our food?

How to Eat HealthilyWednesday 19 April 2023


HOMEWORK

• KERBOODLE test for metals DUE SATURDAY and for food energy DUE SUNDAY!

• Completion = VIVO

• MISSED = C3H

• NO EXCUSE with login problems

• Ask Mr. Tsui for textbook copies, questions printout or login problems TODAY


L.O.1:

What do we need to have a healthy body?

Nutrients W______ P_______ M_______ F______ C_______ V_______

How much is good in the body?

Good For?

Where’s it found?

• Copy the table and fill it in after we have discussed the next slides


A history of fad diets

Which diets are designed for weight loss?

Which diets have a scientific basis?


You are what you eat!

When food is digested its components enter the blood.

Molecules used for growth and repair become part of the body.

Those used as energy sources are lost as CO2 and H2O.

protein

glucosecarbohydrate

fat fatty acids + glycerol

amino acids


What are cells made from?

Different nutrients are incorporated into each part of a cell:

nucleus: protein

membrane: fats and carbohydrate

cytoplasm: protein and water


You are what you eat!

What could this food label represent? A human!


L.O.2: Where do we get them?


Nutrients in food


Match and Copy down the nutrients and their purpose



The Big Question: How do we test for nutrients?

L.O.1: What are the nutrients we can test

L.O.2: How do we test each?

L.O.3: Why do we want to test for each?

How to test for NutrientsWednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Be the Best of Yourselves not Telling Others Theirs


HOMEWORK for last Saturday and Sunday

• VIVO’s for these people:VIVO’s for these people:

• Michela, Sammi, Darius, Abass, FavourMichela, Sammi, Darius, Abass, Favour

• ALL OTHERS! You have one final day to finish the PAPER VERSION!

• Complete and give it to me before class tomorrow

• Or else C3HOr else C3H


Check your tableNutrient

s Water Protein Mineral Fat Carbohydrate

Vitamins

How much is good in

the body?

60% 20% 10% 9% 1% <1%

Good For?

Hydrate cells,

metabolism, chemial reaction

and transport

Growth and

Repair; produce

amino acid and

protein

Small amount to

make body

chemicals

Energy to make cell membrane

Energy

Small amount for cells to work properly

Where’s it found?

Water, drinks,

vegetables

Fish, meat, some

vegetables

Fruits, vegetables

and beans/nuts

Meat, fish and dairy products

Pasta, bread, potato, etc…

Fruit, vegetables,

fish and beans/nuts


Complete the table

What’s the Test

Iodine Blue Benedict Bluret Paper / Ethanol-water

What do we test for?

Complex Carbohydrate: Starch

Simple Carbohydrate: sugar/glucose

Protein Fat

How do we know it’s POSITIVE?

Blue-black or brown iodine solution turns black.

Blue Benedict solution turns orangey-red, or purple

Green/ light blue copper sulphate turns purple

Clear ethanol/ water turns cloudy



The Big Question: How do we test for nutrients?

L.O.1: What are the tests?

L.O.2: What happen when tests are positive?

L.O.3: Why do we want to test for each?

Testing for NutrientWednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Follow Instructions


We can test foods to find out what chemicals they contain.

Orangey-brown iodine turns blue-black when it reacts with starch.

drop iodine solution onto the food

black = starch


Blue Benedict’s solution turns orangey-red when it is boiled with glucose.

blue turns orange/red= glucose

heat

chopped up food

hot water


In the Biuret test the solution turns purple.

chopped up food

potassium hydroxide

shake

coppersulphate

purple = protein


Fats go cloudy white when they are mixed with ethanol and water.

Now see if you can use these tests to identify the food chemicals on the next slides.

grind food with ethanol

add waterfilter

cloudy = fat


Complete the table

What’s the Test

Iodine Blue Benedict Bluret Paper / Ethanol-water

What do we test for?

Complex Carbohydrate: Starch

Simple Carbohydrate: sugar/glucose

Protein Fat

How do we know it’s POSITIVE?

Blue-black iodine solution turns black.

Blue Benedict solution turns orangey-red

Green copper sulphate turns purple

Clear ethanol/ water turns cloudy


Experiment 1: Testing for starch

Put the steps in order and copy them.

1.Put each food sample into each well on the well plate

2.Use the pipette carefully drop one drop of iodine solution onto each food sample

3.Record observation

Use the pipette carefully drop one drop of iodine solution onto each food sample

Record observation

Put each food sample into each well on the well plate


Experiment 2: Testing for sugar

Put the steps in order and copy them.

1.Add about 1 cm3 of Benedict’s solution to each of the boiling tube with food samples until the food solution looks blue.

2.Put the boiling tubes safely in the hot water beaker

3.Record observation after a few minutes.

Put the boiling tubes safely in the hot water beaker

Add about 1 cm3 of Benedict’s solution to each of the boiling tube with food samples until the food solution looks blue.

Record observation after a few minutes.


Experiment 3: Testing for fat

Fill in the blanks

1.Place a small sample of solid food into a boiling tube.

2.Measure 5 cm3 of ethanol/water solution using a measuring cylinder and pour into the boiling tube.

3.Gently shake the tube and leave to stand for one minute.

4.Record observations

solution, sample, boiling, boiling, minute, carefully, observation, food, leave, shake


Experiment 4: Testing for protein

Fill in the blanks

1.Carefully add a few drops of 1 % sodium hydroxide into the food solution using a dropping pipette.

2.Gently shake the solution.

3.Add 1 cm3 of 1 % copper sulfate solution to the boiling tube using a dropping pipette.

4.Record observations.

pipette, sodium, solution, sulfate, carefully, solution, observation boiling, pipette


Complete the table for your results

What test did we do?

IODINE

What Food samples did we test?

Apple

What is your observation after the test?

What nutrients does it contain?


8A What’s in food?

For each food, decide on the chemicals found in them.

Fats Protein Starch Glucose

Food sample Test Result

Iodine solution orangey-brown

Benedict’s test blue

Biuret test purple

Ethanol test cloudy white






Iodine solution blue-black

Benedict’s test blue

Biuret test blue

Ethanol test clear







Benedict’s test orangey-red

Biuret test blue

Ethanol test clear







Benedict’s test orangey-red

Biuret test blue

Ethanol test clear



The Big Question: How to do ‘good’ scientific testing?

L.O.1: What is scientific testing?

L.O.2: What do we need to think of before testing?

L.O.3: Why do we think back to our tests?

Scientific Testing – Food EnergyWednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Think, Search before Speaking out


What is scientific testing?• Copy the three questions and answering them after or during

the video

Q1: What are they testing?

Q2: What do they want to find out?

Q3: How are they doing the test?


L.O.3: How can we test our food?We need to first find out what is testing!

• Idea – what are we interested in? • Aim – what exactly are we finding out?• Variables – what do we change and what do we measure?• Equipment – what do we need to use?• Steps – how do we get the results?• Safety – what do we have to be careful about?• Results – what are the results?• Discussion – what does the results tell us? Anything wrong?

Anything we can do better? Anything we did well?• Conclusion – summary of what we found in this experiment


Watch the simulation about an experimentand fill in the form underneath for it

• Idea –• Aim – • Variables – • Equipment – • Steps –

• Safety –• Results –• Discussion –

• Conclusion –



The Big Question: How do we get our energy?

L.O.1: Which nutrient gives us the most energy?

L.O.2: How is that nutrient turned into energy?

L.O.3: How can we get infinite energy?

Where do we get the ENERGY!Wednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Read, Think before Speaking


Respiration and combustion

Burning is the reaction between a fuel and oxygen. This reaction is called combustion:

During combustion, heat and light energy are released and carbon dioxide and water are also produced, so combustion is similar to respiration.

The difference between combustion and respiration is that combustion is not a controlled reaction. Respiration is a controlled reaction that slowly releases energy from food in the body’s cells and the cells do not catch fire!

fuel oxygen carbon dioxide water+ +


The equation for aerobic respiration


What is respiration?

Respiration is the process that the body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose):

This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration because energy is released in the presence of oxygen.

How do the glucose and oxygen needed for aerobic respiration get to the all the body’s cells?

oxygencarbondioxide

glucose + + water ( energy)+

from the digestive system

from the respiratory

system

waste product

(exhaled)

waste product

(exhaled)


What is needed for photosynthesis?


Where does the energy come from?

Plants need energy for photosynthesis to take place. The energy for photosynthesis comes from the Sun.

Where in a plant does photosynthesis take place?

glucose

oxygen

carbon dioxide(from the air)

water(from the soil)


What is the equation?

Plants make their own food through photosynthesis.

In this chemical reaction, chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs light energy to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and the by-product oxygen.

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

This equation can be read as:“Carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of light energy and chlorophyll, react to form glucose and oxygen”.

light energy

chlorophyll

carbon dioxide + water oxygen+glucose


Starter: Copy and fill in the blanks please

light energy

chlorophyll

carbon dioxide + water oxygen+glucose

glucose + oxygen water+carbon dioxide + (energy)

fuel + oxygen water+carbon dioxide + (energy)

Glucose water+Lactic Acid + (energy)



The Big Question: How can food be produced without plants?

L.O.1: What is chemosynthesis?

L.O.2: What organisms can do chemosynthesis?

L.O.3: How is chemosynthesis different to photosynthesis?

Chemosynthesis vs PhotosynthesisWednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Compare carefully and find the same or different parts,

before you say you don’t know.


10 minutes! Silent Reading Comprehension

• Read through the paragraphs in print out CARFULLY.

• Answer the summary questions in your book under each learning objective questions.

• You have 10 minutes.



• Tubeworms contains sulfur bacteria that perform Tubeworms contains sulfur bacteria that perform chemosynthesis. chemosynthesis.

• These bacteria uses energy from chemical reaction with These bacteria uses energy from chemical reaction with hydrogen sulfide to produce glucose and oxygen.hydrogen sulfide to produce glucose and oxygen.

• Seaweed has chloroplast that perform photosynthesis.Seaweed has chloroplast that perform photosynthesis.• Chloroplast takes up energy from sunlight to produce Chloroplast takes up energy from sunlight to produce

glucose and oxygen.glucose and oxygen.


Respiration Practical Home WorkDUE Thursday 11thDUE Thursday 11th

• Do we get out of breath in every action we do?

• What respiration is how body doing when we are out of breath or not out of breath?

• Why??

• Read and follow the work sheet and complete the investigation over night!

• DUE Thursday 11thDUE Thursday 11th



The Big Question: How does digestion start?

L.O.1: What is in our saliva?

L.O.2: How does saliva help digesting food?

L.O.3: Why do we have saliva in digesting food?

Digestion – SalivaWednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Share the GLUE at your table and put ALL loose paper

into the book


Breaking down long starch chains into sugar

• AIM: to investigate how long starch chains get broken down into sugar.

• Background Science: – Amylase is the enzyme in saliva that breaks down

long chains of starch into sugar.– Starch can be tested with the iodine test.– Sugar can be tested with the blue Benedict test.

• Equipment: boiling tubes, thermometer, iodine solution, blue benedict solution, kettle, spotting tiles, beakers, 2 pipettes


• Procedure:1. Put some starch solution and a small amount of

amylase in each of the boiling tubes.

2. Put one of the boiling tubes into a beaker with cool water and a beaker with warm water.

3. Make sure the warm water beaker stays at 35 to 40 degrees Celsius like the human body. (raise your hand and ask for hot water from the teacher when cooled)

4. Every 2 minutes take a drop of solution from each boiling tube onto a spot on the spotting tile and drop one drop of iodine in each to test for starch.

5. After 5 tests, drop a few drops of blue benedict solution into the boiling tubes and test for sugar.


CHECKLIST!!!

• 1 person in charge of the clock and recording

• 1 person in charge of the cool beaker side

• 1 person in charge of the warm beaker side

• *an extra person can do overall checker

• 150 mL tap water in cool beaker

• 100 mL tap water in warm beaker + 50 mL hot water from kettle from Mr. Tsui

• CHECK TEMPERATURE before putting in starch and amylase!



The Big Question: How do Enzymes and Bacteria work best in our body?

L.O.1: Which enzymes and bacteria do what in our body?

L.O.2: How much bacteria is working for us?

L.O.3: Why do we have saliva in digesting food?

Digestion – Enzymes and BacteriaWednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Do it or Fail it – that’s called “the rule”… sadly


Enzymes of digestion


Which enzyme?


Copy the question and answer it in your book as part of L.O. 1

-Bacteria in the large intestine live on fibre -They produce important vitamin such as vitamin K.-These vitamins keep us healthy!


Time 2 minutes 4 minutes 6 minutes 8 minutes 10 minutes

Solution in cool boiling tube

Purple Purple Purple Light purple

Orangey brown

Solution in warm boiling tube

Purple Brown Light brown

Orangey brown

Orangey brown

Results in the final blue Benedict test shows that…sugar was in warm water tube

starch in the cool boiling tube is …not changing as quickly………..

……does not get broken up in sugar as quickly…………..…..

and the starch in the warm boiling tube is ……changing quicker…

and got broken up into sugar faster

It is because the enzymes work best in ……body temperature…..


Chemical and physical digestion


STEPS – match them and then put them in the right order

• Work together with enzymes,

• Break long starch chains into sugar.

• Break up food into smaller pieces

• Move food down to the stomach

• Break food into soluble nutrients

• And enzymes from pancreas

• Amylase in saliva

• Teeth at the mouth

• Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

• Muscles at the oesophagus


Enzymes digest food in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.

Enzymes at work

Enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed by the blood. This is called chemical digestion.

Different types of food are broken down by different enzymes.


Helping enzymes

Enzymes are not the only substances involved in chemical digestion.

Bile is a substance produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It helps the digestion of fats by turning them into small droplets. This is called emulsification. How does this help lipase enzymes?

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach provides the right conditions for protease enzymes to break down protein.

The smaller droplets have a larger surface area, which speeds up the rate at which lipase digests the fat.



The Big Question: How are drugs affecting our lives?

L.O.1: What kind of drugs are nicotine and alcohol?

L.O.2: How do drinking and smoking affect us?

L.O.3: How can we be better around drinking and smoking?

Drugs – smoking and drinkingWednesday 19 April 2023

Behaviour Focus: Smarter ones get things done before we speak


What is a drug? - read together and discuss

A drug is any substance that changes the way the body or mind works.

How many different types of drug can you name?

Paracetamol, alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and ecstasy are all examples of substances that can be called drugs.

Some drugs are beneficial, like asthma drugs, but others like alcohol and nicotine in cigarettes can cause harm.

Drugs can be categorized into over-the-counter drugs, prescription drugs, recreational drugs and illegal drugs.


- Answer these questions in your books in full sentences

1. What is a drug?

A drug is any substance that changes the way the body or mind works.

2. What are 2 examples of a drug?

Paracetamol, alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and ecstasy

3. What are the four categories of drugs?

Over-the-counter drugs, prescription drugs, recreational drugs and illegal drugs.


How is each type of drug classified?

Copy the lists in your books and suggest one extra for each type.


How do drugs affect the body?


Why are drugs so dangerous?

You never know what other substances have been added to an illegal drug, so these could cause unknown effects.

Drugs can affect the way your brain works and cause damage to your body. They make you more likely to have accidents and make bad decisions.

An overdose is when someone takes too much of a drug. This can cause death or serious illness.

People can become addicted to drugs. This means that they develop a physical or mental need for the drug.


1. What are some types of drugs?Depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and painkiller

2. What are same examples of each type?Alcohol – depressant; nicotine – stimulant; cannabis –

hallucinogen; paracetamol – pain killer

3. What are some things that can happen to people using drugs?

Accidents; make bad decisions; addiction; overdose

- Copy the questions and answer them in your books


What’s in a cigarette?


How does smoking affect the lungs?

Which picture shows the healthy lungs of a non-smoker and which shows the unhealthy lungs of a smoker?

Which set of lungs would you prefer?


Cannabis

Cannabis is an illegal drug made from parts of the cannabis plant. It is usually smoked with tobacco, and can cause a relaxing effect.

However, cannabis is a mild hallucinogen and prolonged use may be linked to increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

In the short term cannabis use can cause dizziness, paranoia and loss of coordination.

- Can you use cannabis at home?

- What happens to you if you use cannabis?


The effects of smoking and cannabis

Copy the names in green and match the effects in yellow


What is alcohol?

Alcohol is a chemical called ethanol, found in alcoholic drinks.

It is an addictive drug that can have serious consequences.

This legal drug can lower your inhibitions and affect your judgement.

Alcohol is seen by many people as a socially acceptable drug, however this doesn’t mean that it can’t be harmful.


How does alcohol affect health?

Alcohol is a recreational drug that has short-term and long-term effects on the body.

The liver breaks down alcohol to remove this toxic drug from the body. Too much alcohol can damage the liver leading to cirrhosis or cancer.

Alcohol is a depressant, it works by slowing down the nervous system and relaxing the brain. Alcohol can reach the brain in just one minute. Too much alcohol can damage the brain cells and cause depression.


The effects of alcohol

Write down lists of short-term and long-term effects of alcohol


Smoking quiz


Multiple-choice quiz


blood pressure – The pressure in the arteries during and between contractions of the heart.

body mass index – A measure of a person’s weight in relation to their height.

chemical digestion – The process of breaking large food molecules into smaller ones using enzymes.

fitness – Strength, stamina, flexibility, agility, speed and cardiovascular efficiency.

health – Freedom from disease and injury.

heart disease – An abnormal condition of the heart or the arteries that supply the heart.

Glossary (1/2)


lipoproteins – Molecules that carry cholesterol in the blood and which are either high density or low density.

metabolic rate – A measure of how fast chemical reactions occur in cells.

obese – A person who is very overweight and has a BMI of over 30.

physical digestion – The breaking up of pieces of food by chewing it in the mouth and churning it in the stomach.

saturated – A type of animal fat that raises blood cholesterol levels and increases the risk of heart disease.

unsaturated – A type of fat from vegetable and fish oils that helps lower blood cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Glossary (2/2)


Anagrams


Multiple-choice quiz

Documents

Module Focus: Biology USE ONE WHOLE PAGE – Copy and leave 5 lines of empty space, then write one sentence for each questions for as much as you know. The