Module 9 Human Factors Q&A

8/3/2019 Module 9 Human Factors Q&A

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HUMAN FACTORS

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(CAP 715 & 716 )


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Questions 1 10

1. Accidents and engineering faults are

significant and increasing

insignificant and increasing

insignificant and decreasing

2. Human error is a causal factor in what percentage of aviation accidents and incidents?

60% 25%

80%

3. Murphy's law is perpetuated mainly by

poor aircraft design

violations

complacency

4. Murphy's law can be regarded as the notion

'If something can go wrong, it will'

'It can never happen to me'

'If something goes wrong I am certain to get the blame

5. A company's safety policy should be defined in

the Maintenance Schedule

CAP 716

the Maintenance Organization Exposition

6. Which of the following is least associated with thestudy of human factors?

Ergonomics

Health and Safety

Human error

7. The incident where a 737 lost oil from both engines isa direct result of

poor design

human error

engine vibration

8. If a 737 had both engines serviced and lost oil from both engines in flight. This

would be a direct result of human error

can be considered an acceptable probability

can be expected to happen statistically due to the number of aircraft in service

9. What do you do when someone is hypothermic?

Give them a drink because of dehydration Feed them sweet things because of their diabetes

Warm them up

10. The percentage of accidents attributable to aircraftmaintenance and inspection causes is

now less significant due to more advanced maintenance practices

significant and rising

now less significant due to the introduction of more sophisticated aircraft


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Answers for Questions 1 10

1. significant and increasingComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2.5 CAP 716 App.G pg.2 Para 1.3.1

2. 80%Comment/Reference: CAP 716 CH 8 pg 2 middle of page & CAP 718 CH 1 para 4.3

3. complacencyComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.3.1

4. 'If something can go wrong, it will'Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.3.1

5. the Maintenance Organization ExpositionComment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.2

6. Health and SafetyComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.9 (1st Para.)

7. human error

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.4 Para.5.4.2 and App.F Para.1.7

8. would be a direct result of human errorComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.F Para 1.7

9. Warm them upComment/Reference: Hypothermia is dangerously low body temperature

10. significant and risingComment/Reference: CAP 718 Ch.1 Para.1 and 4. CAP 716 App.G Para.1.3.1.


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Questions 11 20

11. What happened to contribute towards the incident in 1995 where a Boeing 737 lost oil pressure and had todivert?

Both warning indications were faulty, due to crossed connections

The boroscope inspection had been inadequate

The HP rotor drive covers of both engines had not been refitted after a boroscope inspection

12. What is the most common cause of in-flight engine shutdown? Foreign object damage

Improper fault isolation, inspection or test

Incomplete installation

13. Most engineering related incidents are due to

installing dirty connectors

installing worn or old components

installing components incorrectly

14. What causes the most aircraft accidents?

Misunderstanding between ATC and pilot on approach

Communication

Technical faults

15. What is meant by a 'mind set'?

You have preconceived ideas about something

You are unsure of a situation

You are unwilling to change your mind about something

16. 70 - 80% of the total focusing ability of the eye iscarried out by the

iris

cornea

lens

17. At what distance should a person without hearingdifficulties be able to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room

3 meters (9 feet

2 meters (6 feet)

1 meter (3 feet)

18. A perforated ear drum could occur if

you were subjected to intermittent noise above 25 kHz

you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz

you blew your nose excessively

19. How long is the short term memory good for remembering 7 items? Up to 30 seconds

30 to 60 seconds

Above 60 seconds

20. What is white finger?

A skin disorder caused by extensive contact with oils and solvents

A reaction when the white blood cells die and contaminate the fingers

A disorder of the finger which may occur through continuous use of pneumatic tools because of reducedblood flow


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1. The HP rotor drive covers of both engines had not been refitted after a boroscope inspectionComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.6 App.F Para.1.7 or CAP715. Ch.1 Para. 2.6.1 4

thincident.

2. Incomplete installationComment/Reference: In a Boeing study of 276 in-flight shutdowns, 94% of were due to incomplete, improperinstallation, damage on installation, equipment not installed - FOD was a contributing factor.

3. installing components incorrectlyComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2

4. CommunicationComment/Reference: Deduced from CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2.2 since 'inadequate cross check' is a communicationproblem.

5. You are unwilling to change your mind about somethingComment/Reference:

6. corneaComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.2

7. 2 metres (6 feet)Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.5 and CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.10.1

8. you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHzComment/Reference: Normal audible range is 20 - 20,000 Hz (CAP 715 Ch.5 Para.1.1). 8 kHz is highfrequency. Anything below that can cause damage if sound level is too high.

9. Up to 30 secondsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5.

10. A disorder of the finger which may occur through continuous use of pneumatic tools because of reduced bloodflowComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.5 Para.5.2.


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Questions 21 30

21. When someone is working in an enclosed space (such a fuel tank), another person should be outside the spacein constant communication to

provide instructions to the tradesman

for safety reasons

ensure compliance with the maintenance manual

22. The scientific study of measurements of the human body is known as

anthropometrics physiology

ergonomics

23. How long can the aural reflex protect the ear from loud noise?

15 seconds

15 minutes

5 seconds

24. What part of the eye controls the amount of light that is allowed to enter the eye?

The pupil

The cornea

The iris

25. Learning of a routine by repeated practice is known as

motor programming

episodic memory

cognitive learning

26. The ear is used to detect

acceleration

neither acceleration nor speed

speed

27. Light enters the eye through the

visual cortex cornea

retina

28. To focus on a near object, the lens of the eye must

be flattened

be thickened

be widened

29. Which type of memory is most susceptible to interference from external influences?

Long term

Ultra short term

Short term

30. Peripheral vision is detected by the

rods

cones

fovea


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1. for safety reasonsComment/Reference: CAP715 Ch.5 Para. 6 This is the normal procedure for the safety of the tradesman

2. anthropometricsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.1.4.4 From the Greek 'Anthropos' meaning 'a man' and 'Metron'meaning 'measurement'

3. 15 minutesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.3

4. The irisComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.3

5. motor programmingComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.6

6. accelerationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.1.1


8. be thickenedComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.4

9. Short termComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.8.8

10. rodsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.5.1


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Questions 31 40

31. Extreme discomfort experienced by a maintenanceengineer due to working in a confined space is known as

claustrophobia

agoraphobia

acrophobia

32. What part of the eye is colour sensitive?

The rods The cones

The iris

33. What type of lens is used to overcome short sightedness?

Convex

Bi-focal

Concave

34. The type of memory which is most easily influenced by a person's expectations of what should have happenedis the

long term memory

episodic memory

semantic memory

35. The inability for the eyes to accommodate sufficiently is known as

Hypermetropia

Presbyopia

Myopia

36. An aircraft maintenance engineer who wears glasses orcontact lenses should

not require their duties to be restricted providing they wear their glasses/contact lenses at all times theycarry out their duties

have their duties restricted accordingly.

not require their duties to be restricted providing they have frequent checks to ensure the adequacy oftheir glasses/contact lenses.

37. Ultra short term memory has a duration of about

80 - 100 milliseconds

10 to 20 seconds

2 seconds

38. What type of lens is used to correct long sightedness?

Bi-focal

Convex

Concave

39. Visual Acuity is the ability to detect objects in the peripheral vision

to differentiate between different colours

of the eye to discriminate sharp detail at varying distances

40. The 'working memory' is

ultra short term memory

long term memory

short term memory


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1. claustrophobiaComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.5.1.1

2. The conesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.5.1

3. Concave

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.7.2

4. episodic memoryComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.8

5. PresbyopiaComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.7.4

6. not require their duties to be restricted providing they have frequent checks to ensure the adequacy of theirglasses/contact lenses.Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.12.2 and Ch.6 Para.3.3

7. 2 seconds


8. ConvexComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.7.1

9. of the eye to discriminate sharp detail at varying distancesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.4

10. short term memoryComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.3


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Questions 41 50

41. Colour defective vision affects

almost 1 in 10 of women

more women than men

almost 1 in 10 of men

42. At lower light levels, the visual sensing is performed mainly by the

cones

fovea rods

43. If an image formed on the retina of the eye is inverted relative to the viewers normal perception of the image,the viewer will

consciously mentally revert the image so as to make sense of his/her surroundings

become disoriented and dizzy

behave and feel normal

44. People with colour defective vision usually have difficulty differentiating between

blue and yellow

blue and green

red and green

45. The 'cocktail party effect' is descriptive of

focused attention

divided attention

selective attention

46. Hypermetropia is the medical name for

long sightedness

deafness

short sightedness

47. What range of sound is usually impaired first with the onset of presbycusis?

Mid range sound Low pitch sound

High pitch sound

48. The amount of light which is allowed to enter the eye can vary by a factor of

5:1

500:1

50:1

49. Presbyopia often affects the eyes of people after the age of

70

40

55

50. From what age does hearing ability normally begin to decline?

40

30

50


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1. almost 1 in 10 of menComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.11.2

2. rodsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.5.1

3. behave and feel normalComment/Reference: CAP 715 CH 2 para 4.3.8, The lens of the eye inverts the image, which is subconsciouslyreverted by the brain.

4. red and greenComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.11.2

5. selective attentionComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.3.3

6. long sightednessComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.7.1

7. High pitch soundComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.9

8. 5:1Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.3

9. 40Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.7.4

10. 30Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.9


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Questions 51 60

51. A person with 20/40 vision has

better eyesight than a person with 20/20 vision

worse eyesight as a person with 20/20 vision

the same eyesight as a person with 20/20 vision

52. Long term memory capacity is usually

12 months

unlimited 4 - 8 years

53. The inability for the eyes to accommodate sufficiently is known as

hypermetropia

presbyopia

myopia

54. Ultra short term memory has a duration of about

2 seconds

10 to 20 seconds

80 - 100 milliseconds

55. The memory can be aided by

mind logging

memory checking

a checklist

56. In AWN 47 what is the recommended hearing test?

The ability to hear an average conversation voice at a distance of 6 feet

The ability to hear an average conversation voice at a distance of 10 feet

The ability to hear a certain noise at 8 feet

57. Iconic memory

stores visual information and lasts up to 2 seconds

stores visual information and lasts up to 1/2 second stores sounds and lasts up to 2 seconds

58. The first stage in information processing is

memorizing

decision

perception

59. Information, if not rehearsed is lost in

1 minute

30 - 40 seconds

10 - 20 seconds

60. In AWN 47, what is the standard hearing test?

The ability to hear a conversation in a quiet room at 10 metres

The ability to hear a conversation in a quiet room at 2 metres

The ability to hear a conversation in a noisy room at 2 metres


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1. worse eyesight as a person with 20/20 visionComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.6.3

2. unlimitedComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.7

3. presbyopiaComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.7.4

4. 2 secondsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.4

5. a checklistComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.6 Para.4.5 ('appropriate guidance material')

6. The ability to hear an average conversation voice at a distance of 6 feetComment/Reference: AWN 47 Par.3.5

7. stores visual information and lasts up to 1/2 second

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.2

8. perceptionComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.3.8

9. 10 - 20 secondsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 & 4.5.6

10. The ability to hear a conversation in a quiet room at 2 metresComment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.35


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Questions 61 70

61. Information in the short term memory not rehearsed will be lost in

2 - 3 weeks

1 - 3 months

10 - 20 seconds

62. What is the CAA standard for vision?

Acceptable uncorrected vision

18/20 vision Acceptable corrected vision

63. In the human eye most of the refraction required to bring an image into focus on the retina is accomplished bythe

lens

iris

cornea

64. The average capacity of the working memory is about

12 chunks of information



65. The retina is situated

in front of the cornea

behind the cornea with the lens

at the back of the eye with the optic nerve

66. Motor programme refers to

motivational computer software

a task that becomes programmed into short term memory

a task that has been carried out so many times that it becomes automatic

67. Memory which can be influenced by a persons expectations of what should have happened is

semantic episodic

echoic

68. Information in the long term memory

is easily transferred to the short term memory

is only available under hypnosis

is easily lost

69. How many things can be stored in the short term memory?

0 - 5

No limit

9 15

70. In the eye, the cones are used mainly in

bright light levels and they give poor colour vision

low light levels and they give poor colour vision

bright light to give fine detail


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1. 10 - 20 secondsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 & 4.5.6

2. Acceptable corrected visionComment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.4


4. 7 chunks of informationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 Short term memory (aka working memory) is also known as the7 +/-2 memory

5. at the back of the eye with the optic nerveComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.1

6. a task that has been carried out so many times that it becomes automaticComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.6

7. episodicComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.8

8. is easily lostComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.7 - 8 &CAP 719 Ch 3 para 2.5

9. 9 - 15Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 7+/-2 makes 5 or 9, but 9 - 15 is considered correct due tomemory enhancement techniques (grouping).

10. bright light to give fine detailComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.5.1


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Questions 71 80

71. A person suffering from presbyopia would normally

have defective colour vision and not be allowed to carry out maintenance work on cable looms

wear spectacles when reading or carrying out close detail work

be short sighted and need to wear spectacles to see objects more than 30 cm away

72. Noise signals are carried to the brain by the

Eustachian nerve

sensory nerve auditory nerve

73. Poking sharp objects into the ear should be avoided as it is likely to result in

conductive hearing loss

tinnitus ringing

tympanic membrane perforation

74. Attention Getters are designed to

to gain the operators attention whilst allowing them to continue with the task in hand

to make the operator focus his/her attention fully on the task in hand

to get the operators full attention

75. At what maximum frequency does the human ear hear?

8 kHz

20 kHz

16 kHz

76. Motor programmes

are behavior subroutines

require conscious thought to engage

are stored as working rules in long term memory

77. The pupil of the eye grows smaller

to focus the fovea

in condition of increased light in condition of reduced light

78. Conductive deafness can be caused by damage to the

semi circular canals

cochlea

otoliths

79. Detail is best sensed by the ______ and movement best sensed by the ______

the periphery and the periphery

the periphery and fovea

the fovea and periphery

80. If a person is colour blind, which colours would be most difficult to see?

Yellow and red

Red and green

Blue and red


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1. wear spectacles when reading or carrying out close detail workComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.7.4

2. auditory nerveComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.4

3. tympanic membrane perforationComment/Reference: Tympanic membrane is the technical name for the ear drum,www.hearingcenteronline.com/diction_stu.shtml

4. to get the operators full attentionComment/Reference: Attention Getters are used in advertisements and posters etc to grab the operators fullattention.

5. 20 kHzComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.5.1

6. are stored as working rules in long term memoryComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch 2 para 4.6

7. in condition of increased lightComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.3

8. cochleaComment/Reference: I think Cochlea is the wrong answer, Conductive deafness is a outer or middle earproblem and the cochlea is in the inner ear.www.encylopedia.com/doc/1E1-deafness.html

9. the fovea and peripheryComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.5

10. Red and green

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.11.2
http://www.hearingcenteronline.com/diction_stu.shtmlhttp://www.hearingcenteronline.com/diction_stu.shtmlhttp://www.encylopedia.com/doc/1E1-deafness.htmlhttp://www.encylopedia.com/doc/1E1-deafness.htmlhttp://www.encylopedia.com/doc/1E1-deafness.htmlhttp://www.hearingcenteronline.com/diction_stu.shtml


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Questions 81 90

81. Myopia is _______ and a ______ lens is needed to correct it

short sightedness and convex

long sightedness and concave

short sightedness and concave

82. The Otoliths detect

both angular and linear acceleration

angular acceleration linear acceleration

83. The nose

warms the air into the lungs

filters, warms and moistens the air into the lungs

filters the air into the lungs

84. The most common cause of myopia is

a shortened eyeball

an elongated eyeball

weak accommodation

85. It is generally true that group decisions are ___________ than the average individual decision within a group.

more prone to error

worse

better

86. Whose decision must be obeyed?

That of the most experienced person

That of the most forceful person

That of the person with the higher status

87. Whose responsibility is it to minimise human factors incidents in your company?

The accountable manager's

The Manager's Everyone's

88. What is peer group pressure?

Our behaviour influenced by our friends and colleagues.

The influence an individual has over a group of people

The influence the House of Lords have over the House of Commons

89. Which of the following statements best defines peer pressure?

Your girlfriend wants to go to a dance, but you have to do overtime

Your manager is telling you to hurry up and get a job finished

Your colleagues are telling you to hurry up as when you finish your job, you can all go home

90. A regular behavior of an individual is known as

habit

the norm

culture



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1. short sightedness and concaveComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.7.2

2. linear accelerationComment/Reference: look under Function here

www.tchain.com/otoneurology/disorders/bppv/otholiths.html#orientation

3. filters, warms and moistens the air into the lungsComment/Reference:www.britannica.com/ebc/article-205723

4. an elongated eyeballComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.7.2

5. betterComment/Reference:

6. That of the person with the higher statusComment/Reference:

7. Everyone'sComment/Reference:

8. Our behavior influenced by our friends and colleagues.Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.4.1

9. Your colleagues are telling you to hurry up as when you finish your job, you can all go homeComment/Reference:

10. habitComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Par.2.5.2.
http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/disorders/bppv/otholiths.html#orientationhttp://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/disorders/bppv/otholiths.html#orientationhttp://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-205723http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-205723http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-205723http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/disorders/bppv/otholiths.html#orientation


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Questions 91 100

91. In a discussion, the person who is most likely to be agreed with is

the most argumentative person

the person who repeats the point most times

the person with the highest status

92. An engineer who has developed his own way of performing a task

is in regular violation

should be commended for his resourcefulness is improving maintenance efficiency

93. The aim of human factors programs within an organizations is

to safeguard the health and safety of maintenance personnel by reducing accidents in the workplace

to optimize the relationship between maintenance personnel and systems with a view to improving safety,efficiency and well-being

to reduce costs by increasing efficiency, safety and quality and decreasing waste through human error

94. An aircraft engineer who has 'responsibility'

are liable to be called to account as being in charge or control of, or answerable for something

must be licensed on the particular type of aircraft

is in a management position within their company hierarchy

95. The impact of human factors and human error is most important to

It is equally important to technicians, engineers, planners and managers

technicians and engineers

planners and managers

96. Where are the responsibilities of Licensed AircraftEngineers laid down?

The Air Navigation Order

CAP 715

AWN 3

97. Diffusion of responsibility may occur with certain people whether they are working in a team or alone

to an individual working as a member of a team

to an individual working alone

98. 'Risky shift' is

the name given to an inadequate shift handover

the tendency for a group of workers to arrive at a course of action which is riskier than that which anyindividual member might pursue

the probability of being assigned to a work task which involves some element of risk or physical danger

99. To ensure that a technician remains reasonably current on the aircraft types to which they hold authorizations,they are required that

they are involved in at least 6 months of actual aircraft maintenance experience in any 2 year period andthey have appropriate continuation/refresher training

they have appropriate continuation/refresher training only

they are involved in at least 6 months of actual aircraft maintenance experience in any 2 year period only.

100. The difference between what a person 'can' do and what he 'will' do is largely determined by his

motivation

education and training

physical and mental health


1. the person with the highest status


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Comment/Reference: No reference found in CAP 715 or 716, but this is one of the problems found with pilots'steep cockpit status gradient'

2. is in regular violationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.5

3. to optimize the relationship between maintenance personnel and systems with a view to improving safety,efficiency and well-beingComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.S Para.2.2 and CAp 715 Ch.1 Para.1.4.3

4. are liable to be called to account as being in charge or control of, or answerable for somethingComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.2.1

5. It is equally important to technicians, engineers, planners and managersComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.S Para.3.1

6. AWN 3Comment/Reference: AWN 3

7. to an individual working as a member of a teamComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.2.5.2

8. the tendency for a group of workers to arrive at a course of action which is riskier than that which any individualmember might pursueComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.2.5.5

9. they are involved in at least 6 months of actual aircraft maintenance experience in any 2 year period and theyhave appropriate continuation/refresher trainingComment/Reference: EASA Part-145, 66 and AWN 3 and CAP 716 Ch.4 Para.4.3 ";

10. motivationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.3.1


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Questions 101 110

101. Whose responsibility is it that an engineer remains current on new technology and procedures?

The organization's

The engineer's

The CAA's

102. According to Maslow, safety needs (protection from potentially dangerous objects or situations)

is the most primal need of humans

is the last need of human after all other needs have been satisfied. is second only to physiological needs (food drink, oxygen etc.)

103. The symptoms of de-motivation are very similar to the symptoms of

mental illness

stress

tiredness

104. The desire of an individual to 'conform' to a group by allowing one's opinions, attitudes and actions to beaffected by prevailing conditions is known as

esteem needs

culture issues

peer pressure

105. 'Confirmation bias' is

an inspection of work carried out by an independent inspector or supervisor

error in work carried out by a supervisor who has also inspected and signed for his own work

the subconscious attention to evidence which confirms an engineer's beliefs, and inattention to evidencewhich contradicts his beliefs

106. A person with low self-esteem is

Conformity to peer pressure is not affected by level of self-esteem

more likely to conform to peer pressure

less likely to conform to peer pressure

107. Motivation is a reward or punishment designed to increase work rate

the thing that drives someone to do something

a reward or punishment designed to reduce errors

108. Peer pressure is

the perceived pressure to conform to what you believe your colleagues expect of you.

the perceived pressure to carry out a task in the same way your colleagues would

typified by the expression

109. The eyesight of an engineer is the responsibility of

the optician

the engineer

the Quality Manager

110. A good team is one where every member has

an opinion

a job

an input


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1. The engineer'sComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.7 Para.3.4

2. is second only to physiological needs (food drink, oxygen etc.)Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.3.4

3. stressComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.3.5.3

4. peer pressureComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.4.3

5. the subconscious attention to evidence which confirms an engineer's beliefs, and inattention to evidence whichcontradicts his beliefsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.5.7

6. more likely to conform to peer pressureComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.4.4.4

7. the thing that drives someone to do somethingComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.3

8. the perceived pressure to conform to what you believe your colleagues expect of you.Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.4.1

9. the engineerComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.12.4

10. an inputComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.6.1.1


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Questions 111 120

111. AWN 47 states that the engineer

is responsible for the work he has signed for

does not report for work if unfit

is responsible for health and safety

112. An effective group work is when

everyone has a job to do

everyone discusses ideas and opinions everyone contributes in some way

113. Which of the following defines a peer pressure situation?

Your girlfriend telling you to go out with her

Your colleagues pressuring you to work faster so they can go home

Your supervising manager pressuring you to complete the current task on time

114. Successful working teams have the following attributes:-

All the team members work in isolation and therefore provide highly individual solutions to the sameproblems

All the members participate in team activities and discussions

Members participate in team activities but retain their own individual requirements

115. Good aircraft maintenance supervisory judgment is usually based upon

the evidence available and forceful management ability

knowledge and experience and reference to course notes

knowledge and experience and reference to approved data

116. Organizational culture (whether good or bad) is bestdescribed as

written procedures

'the way we do things around here'

team resource management

117. In an organization which practices human factors there is a no blame culture

no blame unless there is a deliberate violation

punishment for all violations

118. A person can be said to be motivated if

they are on a productivity bonus

they cut corners to get the job done quickly

they are taking action to achieve something

119. Group polarisation can result in

a group making a better decision than the individual

members of the group not talking to one another

a group making a more cautious or extreme decision

120. Who is most likely to deviate from standard procedure?

Young, inexperienced man

Old tired man

Over confident, young man


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1. does not report for work if unfitComment/Reference: AWN 47

2. everyone contributes in some wayComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para 6.1.1

3. Your colleagues pressuring you to work faster so they can go homeComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.4

4. Members participate in team activities but retain their own individual requirementsComment/Reference: Closest reference found to this is CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.6

5. knowledge and experience and reference to approved dataComment/Reference: Closest reference found to this is CAP 715 Ch.6 Para.4.5

6. 'the way we do things around here'Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.1.2

7. no blame unless there is a deliberate violation

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.E

8. they are taking action to achieve somethingComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.3

9. a group making a more cautious or extreme decisionComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.2.5.5

10. Over confident, young manComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.R Para.1.2


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Questions 121 130

121. The ideal behavior of a professional aircraft engineer is

goal directed rather than person directed

both person and goal directed

neither person or goal directed

122. If a written handover is complicated, but an overstressed engineer makes an extra effort to complete it without

compliance with Rules and Regulations of the maintenance organization. This is a Maintenance Organization Rule

motivation

initiative

123. What is the main effect of having hypertension?

Migraine

Angina

Stroke

124. Information on drugs and alcohol can be found in

BCARs

AWN 47

AWN 3

125. When a person gets older, their reactions

decrease and become less accurate

increase and become more accurate

decrease and become more accurate

126. Slow wave sleep is also known as

paradoxical sleep

stages 3 and 4 sleep

REM

127. Which of the following is a reason that the body requires oxygen? To combat impurities in the blood

To help digest food

To produce carbon dioxide

128. If you have been prescribed new medicine by your doctor you should

give the new medication a 24 hour trial

take 3 days off work to try out the new medication

continue with your normal shift pattern

129. After a general anaesthetic you should

return to work as soon as possible

not return to work for at least 24 to 48 hours (depending on the individual)

take at least 7 days off work

130. Your doctor has prescribed you tranquillizers as you are suffering from depression. You should

not work at all when taking the tranquillizers

not tell your employer and carry on work as normal

tell your employer and carry on work as normal


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1. both person and goal directedComment/Reference:

2. motivationComment/Reference: The stress is the motivation for the non-compliance.

3. StrokeComment/Reference:


5. decrease and become more accurateComment/Reference: Assuming this is within a person's normal working age, i.e. reactions are slower but handskills and general technical aptitude is greater

6. stages 3 and 4 sleepComment/Reference:

7. To help digest foodComment/Reference:

8. give the new medication a 24 hour trialComment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.7 and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3

9. not return to work for at least 24 to 48 hours (depending on the individual)Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.9

10. not work at all when taking the tranquillizersComment/Reference: AWN 47 App.1 Para.1 (ii


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Questions 131 140

131. Due to our circadian rhythms, maintenance errors are more likely to occur when the body temperature

reaches its lowest point

is mid-way between its highest and lowest point

reaches its highest point

132. The use of 'pep' pills by an aircraft engineer

can only be used if prescribed by your doctor should never be done (except for coffee)

is recommended only when working late or on night shift as they stimulate the senses and make you lessprone to accidents

133. You are taking SUDAFED to relieve nasal congestion. You should

avoid making engineering decisions or performing licensed duties

stay away from work until you no longer require the SUDAFED

continue to take them at work because SUDAFED has no side effects

134. Absenteeism is an indication of stress. It is what type of reaction?

Active coping

Cognitive coping

Passive coping

135. What is slow wave sleep?

Stage 2- 4 sleep

Paradoxical sleep

REM

136. Phase 3/4 sleep

occurs only once per sleep cycle

is most beneficial for the body's restoration

can be induced by alcohol

137. Human error can be caused by normal body temperature

low body temperature

high body temperature

138. What meal is most recommended after a long shift?

High carbohydrates

Low carbohydrates

High protein

139. Long shift work will

initially decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability but eventually increase your diagnostic andmaintenance ability as you get used to it

always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability

always increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability

140. The circadian cycle body temperature

varies by 1.5F

does not vary

varies by 1.5C


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1. reaches its lowest pointComment/Reference:

2. should never be done (except for coffee)Comment/Reference: AWN 47 App.1 Para.1 (v) and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3

3. avoid making engineering decisions or performing licensed dutiesComment/Reference: AWN 47 App.1 Para.1 (ix) and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3

4. Passive copingComment/Reference:

5. Stage 2- 4 sleepComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.1.3.

6. is most beneficial for the body's restorationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.1.3

7. low body temperature

Comment/Reference: Both high and low body temperature can cause error. The answer here is taken from CAP716 App.K Para.4.2

8. High carbohydratesComment/Reference: Carbohydrates replace blood sugar levels most quickly

9. always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance abilityComment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.4 Para.3

10. varies by 1.5FComment/Reference: Body temperature varies from 98.5 deg.F (daytime) and drops to about 97 deg.F (atabout 3-4am)


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Questions 141 150

141. Acute stress is

a frequently reoccurring stress or of long duration

typically intense but of short duration

intense stress of long duration

142. Chronic stress is

intense stress of long duration typically intense but of short duration

a frequently reoccurring stress or of long duration

143. Smoking cannabis

subtly impairs performance for up to 24 hours

has only a short term affect upon performance

has a noticeable affect on a persons behaviour and performance for up to 24 hours

144. Performance is

directly proportional to the individuals state of arousal

inversely proportional to the individuals state of arousal

greatest only at one optimum level of arousal but diminishes as arousal decreases or increases

145. Missing a break in an effort to get a job done within a certain time frame

can be done by those actually doing the job providing the supervisors take regular breaks

can be done providing adequate rest period is available at the end of the shift

can be counterproductive, as fatigue diminishes motor skills, perception, awareness and standards.

146. Tiredness causes visual acuity to

Visual acuity is not affected by tiredness

decrease

increase

147. Narrowing of attention occurs at

low levels of arousal both high and low levels of arousal

high levels of arousal

148. The blood/alcohol limit is

20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers andmaintenance engineers

20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and 80milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for maintenance engineers

40 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood

149. Paradoxical sleep is also known as

Stage 3 sleep

Stage 4 sleep

REM sleep

150. When taking medicine for the first time

consult a doctor if you need to carry out any duties

absent yourself from work for the duration of use of the medicine

take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does not have any adverse effects



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1. typically intense but of short duration


2. a frequently reoccurring stress or of long durationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.2.3.1

3. subtly impairs performance for up to 24 hoursComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.5.2

4. greatest only at one optimum level of arousal but diminishes as arousal decreases or increasesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.4.3.1

5. can be counterproductive, as fatigue diminishes motor skills, perception, awareness and standards.Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.6 Para.1.2.5

6. decreaseComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.4

7. high levels of arousalComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.4.3.2

8. 20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and 80milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for maintenance engineersComment/Reference: AWN 45 Para 6.2

9. REM sleepComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.1.2

10. take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does not have any adverse effectsComment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.7 (b)


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Questions 151 160

151. For a man to maintain his fitness and health the conducive maximum recommended alcohol intake is

28 units per day

3 - 4 units per week

28 units per week

152. Human Circadian rhythms cycle on a

25 hour timescale 8 hour timescale

24 hour time scale

153. Removal of alcohol from the blood stream

cannot be speeded up

can be speeded up by drinking strong coffee

can be speeded up by sleeping

154. For a person with normal Circadian rhythms, the body temperature will be lowest

at midday

upon waking

between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning

155. If a maintenance engineer has a cold or flu he should

absent himself from duty until fully recovered, regardless of other factors

only absent himself from duty if his work contract includes sickness pay

only absent himself from duty if there are no staff shortages at his workplace or within his work team

156. Consumption of alcohol

increases mental and physical reaction times

decreases mental and physical reaction times

has no affect upon mental and physical reaction times

157. Alertness and performance is reduced when the body temperature is

above normal below normal

either above or below normal

158. A good rule of thumb for an adequate amount of sleep is

one hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activity

two hours of high quality sleep is good for one hour of activity

one hour of high quality sleep is good for one hour of activity

159. Finding that familiar tasks (such as programming the video recorder) seems more complicated than usual, couldbe an early indication of

a cold or flu

acute stress

chronic fatigue

160. The only permitted stimulant is

caffeine

amphetamine

bromine



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1. 28 units per weekComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.1.6.1

2. 25 hour timescaleComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.2.1

3. cannot be speeded up


4. between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morningComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.2.3

5. absent himself from duty until fully recovered, regardless of other factorsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.1.5.5

6. increases mental and physical reaction timesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.3.1 Please think about the wording very carefully

7. below normalComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.2.3

8. one hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activityComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.5.1

9. chronic fatigueComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.5.4

10. caffeineComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3 and AWN 47 App. Para.(v)


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Questions 161 170

161. Large amounts of caffeine can

reduce anxiety and stress

improve alertness and increase awareness

cause anxiety, headaches and stress

162. The symptoms of stress are

violence, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse

irritability, forgetfulness, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse indications of improved work performance

163. Sleeping tablets can

slow reaction and dull the senses

increase alertness after waking the following morning

help REM sleep and realign circadian rhythms

164. Information for certifying staff when medically unfit is found in

AWN 47

ANO

AWN 3

165. What effect would the consumption of 3 - 5 units of alcohol?

Loss of quality of sleep

Low REM sleep

A drop in body temperature

166. Long shift work

increases the ability to recognize defects

has no effect on the ability to recognize defects

decreases the ability to recognize defects

167. Circadian Rhythms control

body temperature

sleeping patterns urine output

168. Cycles of sleep repeat

approximately 20 minutes

approximately each 4 hours

approximately each 90 minutes

169. A stimulant allowed to be taken without a doctor's prescription is

antihistamine

caffeine

bromine

170. The conditions laid down in AWN 47 are applicable to aircraft engineers

when under the influence of drink or drugs

for their safety at work

who sign for work completed


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1. cause anxiety, headaches and stressComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3

2. irritability, forgetfulness, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuseComment/Reference: AWN 47 and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.2.3.4

3. slow reaction and dull the sensesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3


5. Loss of quality of sleepComment/Reference: Alcohol produces a loss of quality sleep.

6. decreases the ability to recognize defectsComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.1 Para 1.5

7. body temperature


8. approximately each 90 minutesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.1.4

9. caffeineComment/Reference: AWN 47 App. Para (v) and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3

10. when under the influence of drink or drugsComment/Reference: AWN 47 Paras 2.1 and 2.2


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Questions 171 180

171. Consumption of 3 - 4 units of alcohol before sleep can

increase REM sleep

decrease the quality of sleep

lower the body temperature

172. The cycles of body temperature, sleep requirement and alertness are called

ecto - meridian cycles

circadian rhythms earth cycles

173. The intake of caffeine in moderate quantities can result in

a temporary increase in the ability to sustain vigilance and increased alertness

anxiety, headaches and negative mood states

lack of sleep and subsequent disruption to the circadian rhythms

174. Working excessively long shifts during unsociable hours can lead to

increased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance

decreased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance

an increased immunity to stress

175. In theory, human error is most likely to occur

when the body temperature is at its lowest

when the body temperature is stable

during very hot weather

176. An individual suffering from stress when confrontedwith a task within his capability is likely to think the task is

someone else's responsibility

not demanding enough

too demanding

177. AWN 47 does not mention

pep's sudafed

melatonin

178. 3 - 4 units of alcohol taken before sleep reduces

both

quality of sleep

quantity of sleep

179. Which is important in sleep?

Quantity

Quality

Both

180. Stressors in the environment of noise and heat will cause

a total loss of attention

no loss of attention

a loss of attention and a distraction


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1. decrease the quality of sleepComment/Reference: Alcohol has no beneficial qualities (as far as work and sleep is concerned anyway).

2. circadian rhythmsComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.2

3. a temporary increase in the ability to sustain vigilance and increased alertnessComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3 ('Pep' pills)

4. decreased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenanceComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.5.4

5. when the body temperature is at its lowestComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.2.3

6. someone else's responsibilityComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.2.6 One defence strategy of a person under stress is to avoidadditional stressors, by (for example) shifting responsibility.

7. melatoninComment/Reference: Melatonin is mentioned in CAP 715, Ch.4 Para.6.4.4 (even though the section is atranscript from AWN47).

8. bothComment/Reference:

9. BothComment/Reference:

10. a loss of attention and a distractionComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.5


38/62

Questions 181 190

181. When going from day shift to night shift, efficiency

stays the same

will drop off in the first four weeks

will drop off after the first four weeks

182. When working on aircraft, the consumption of alcohol

you cannot work on aircraft even 8 hours after consuming large quantities of alcohol is permissible providing the drink driving limit is not exceeded

a certain amount is permissible

183. Drinking 3 - 4 units of alcohol before sleeping results in

loss of non-REM sleep

loss of quality sleep

a drop in body temperature

184. What effect does alcohol have on sleep?

Decreases quantity of sleep

Both

Decreases quality of sleep

185. Narrowing of attention occurs in states of

high arousal

optimum arousal

low arousal

186. Hypoxia can

cause a person to slip into a coma if they are not quickly warmed up again

improve the night vision of the cones of the eyes

impair the sensitivity of the rods and hence have a detrimental effect on eyesight

187. You are taking prescribed drugs.

Do not carry out aircraft maintenance Carry on working, as long as you know the primary and secondary side effects

Carry on as normal

188. Which of the following is an acceptable substance, with regard to aircraft maintenance?

Penicillin

Caffeine

Beta Blockers

189. Circadian Rhythms have a cycle of

24 Hours

23 Hours

25 Hours

190. Which of the following statements is true regarding human performance?

Human performance is better with less stress, and in the morning

Human performance is better with less stress, irrespective of the time of day

Human performance is better with less stress, and in the afternoon


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1. will drop off in the first four weeksComment/Reference:

2. you cannot work on aircraft even 8 hours after consuming large quantities of alcoholComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.2 (1/2 drink-drive limit) and Para.6.3.3

3. loss of quality sleepComment/Reference:

4. BothComment/Reference:

5. high arousalComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.4.3.2

6. impair the sensitivity of the rods and hence have a detrimental effect on eyesightComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.8

7. Carry on working, as long as you know the primary and secondary side effects


8. CaffeineComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3 'Pep' pills and AWN 47

9. 25 HoursComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.5.2.1

10. Human performance is better with less stress, and in the afternoonComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch 4 para.5.2.3


40/62

Questions 191 200

191. After drinking alcohol, absorption is dependant on

age

weight

time

192. An engineer has a body mass index of 28. This would normally be classed as

underweight with no real risk of developing health problems

a healthy weight with no real risk of developing health problems overweight and at a risk of developing health problems

193. One unit of alcohol is equivalent to

two pints of beer

one pint of beer

half a pint of beer

194. If an average adult has consumed the equivalent of four units of alcohol, how long will it take for this level todrop to two units

eight hours

two hours

four hours

195. How many stages of sleep are there?

5

3

4

196. REM sleep can also be referred to as

paranormal sleep

paradoxical sleep

slow wave sleep

197. The presence of something damaging to ones health would be an example of a

psychological stressor reactive stressor

physical stressor

198. Aircraft engineers can take common sense steps to maintain their fitness and health. These are known as

positive self-improvement

positive measures

self-improvement measures

199. The amount of stress experienced with a particular task is dependent on

the perceived demand and perceived ability

the actual demand and actual ability

the perceived demand and actual ability

200. To minimise the chances of heart disease, it is recommended that a minimum amount of exercise should be

5 times a week with the heart rate doubling the normal rate for at least 20 minutes

3 times a week with the heart rate doubling the normal rate for at least 20 minutes

once a day for thirty minutes



41/62

1. time

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.R Para.1.1

2. overweight and at a risk of developing health problemsComment/Reference: Good BMI is 17 - 22 (men). 28 is considerably overweight. See External website... formore details

3. half a pint of beer

Comment/Reference: IAS Fact Sheet Pg.1

4. two hoursComment/Reference: IAS Fact Sheet Pg.4

5. 5Comment/Reference: CAP 715 chapter 4 page 11

6. paradoxical sleepComment/Reference: CAP 715 chapter 4 page 11

7. physical stressorComment/Reference: CAP 715 chapter 4 page 4

8. positive measuresComment/Reference: CAP 715 chapter 4 page 3 1.6 Positive Measures

9. the perceived demand and perceived abilityComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 para 2.3

10. 3 times a week with the heart rate doubling the normal rate for at least 20 minutesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 para 1.6.1


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Questions 201 210

201. Long shift work will

increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability

initially decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability but then you will get used to it

decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability

202. Phase 3 and 4 sleep

can be induced by alcohol

is most beneficial for the bodies recovery occurs only once per sleep cycle

203. Clinical insomnia can be caused by

a change of environment

jet lag

caffeine

204. The normal recovery for Circadian dysrhythmia is

at a rate 2.5 hours a day

at a rate 2 hours a day

at a rate 1.5 hours a day

205. When comparing noise levels on Human Performance

noise has no effect on the number of errors or the speed of performance of an individual

noise is directly proportional to the number of errors and the speed of performance of an individual

an individual can find noise levels annoying but still perform well indefinitely

206. Environmental stresses are

not normally cumulative

caused by noise, fumes, heat and vibration

tolerated by everyone equally

207. Employers must provide their employees with personal ear protectors if the noise level reaches

85 dB

70 dB 60 dB

208. The maximum allowable noise dose is

85 dB

any combination of noise and time which exceeds 90 dB TWA

90 dB for 24 hours

209. 'Environmental capture' is a type of error possible when an engineer does the same job repeatedly

but on different types of aircraft

in a short timescale

on the same type of aircraft

210. In the UK, an air-side ramp vehicle driver is most likely to go deaf in

both ears

the right ear

the left ear


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1. decrease your diagnostic and maintenance abilityComment/Reference:

2. is most beneficial for the bodies recoveryComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch 4 para 5.1.3

3. caffeineComment/Reference:

4. at a rate 1.5 hours a dayComment/Reference: 1 day per time zone is quoted here

5. noise is directly proportional to the number of errors and the speed of performance of an individualComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 3.6

6. caused by noise, fumes, heat and vibrationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch. 5 & Ch.4 Para.2.3.2.

7. 85 dBComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.7.2

8. any combination of noise and time which exceeds 90 dB TWAComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.7.4

9. on the same type of aircraftComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.5.4

10. the right earComment/Reference: Because he usually has the window open


44/62

Questions 211 220

211. Up to what proximity to an aircraft with engines running is the use of ear protection recommended formaintenance personnel?

200 - 300 metres

2 - 3 metres

20 - 30 metres

212. Studies have shown that working outside in a temperature of 55F will have what effect on hand dexterity?

Around 50% Very slight

None

213. When working with bright lights consideration should be given to

shadows

blurred image

glare

214. Which of the following is true?

Noise affects the standard of work proportionately with the level of the noise

Noise does affect the standard of work with certain people

Noise does not affect a person's standard of work

215. The effect on an engineer of environmental noise is

it decreases concentration and quality of work

it has no affect on concentration of quality of work

it improves concentration and quality of work

216. Excess noise in a working environment can

not affect performance

raise resistance to other stresses

lower resistance to other stresses

217. If the temperature is - 15C and you are working on the line, you should

stop all maintenance until the weather improves rotate engineers regularly and have a supervisor keep an eye on them

carry on regardless of the weather to keep the aircraft flying

218. Studies have shown that working outside in a temperature of 55F will have what effect on hand dexterity?

Around 50% reduction

Very slight reduction

None

219. Cold stress can be influenced by

insufficient vitamins in the diet

the wind chill factor

a drop in body temperature

220. Environmental stresses in an extreme high temperature and noisy environment causes

no loss of attention or distraction

attention to be disturbed and distributed

total loss of attention



45/62

1. 200 - 300 metresComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.8.2

2. Around 50%Comment/Reference: Daanen H. Deterioration of manualperformance in cold and windy climates. AGARD Conference Proceedings 540 The support of air operationsunder extreme hot and cold weather conditions 1993 May. Nato; 1993. p. 1-10

3. glare


4. Noise does affect the standard of work with certain peopleComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.6.2 and CAP 716 App.K Para.5.2

5. it decreases concentration and quality of workComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.K Para.5

6. lower resistance to other stressesComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.K Para 5.5

7. stop all maintenance until the weather improvesComment/Reference: JAR 145 AMC 145.25(c) and CP 715 Ch.5 Para.4.4

8. Around 50% reductionComment/Reference: So studies have shown - but you won't find it in either CAP 715 or 716

9. the wind chill factorComment/Reference: Contributory factors of cold stress are temperature, wind speed and wetness.

10. attention to be disturbed and distributedComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.5


46/62

Questions 221 230

221. Which of the following environments is best suited to aircraft maintenance?

Working outside, at night, in the rain

Working outside, in the direct midday sun

Working inside in a well lit, comfortable hangar

222. Intense or loud noise

may lead to fatigue

will have no physiological effects increases stimulation

223. Facility lighting in a hangar should be

no brighter than 10 lux

provided by fixed light units giving light to shadow ratio of 3:1

portable so that individual tasks may be well lit

224. When tasks are being designed, the maximum mass an engineer should lift is

32 kg

50 kg

23 kg

225. Sensing and perception errors are most likely to result from

poor lighting or noise

lack of adequate training

distraction of other engineers

226. Task lighting in a hangar is mainly

provided by fixed lighting

portable so that individual tasks may be well lit

provided by fluorescent tubes

227. When someone is working in an enclosed space, a supervisor should stand outside the exit. This is to ensure

the job is done in accordance with the Maintenance Manual

that the trades-person is advised and instructed that there is communication between the extra supervisor and the tradesman, to ensure safety at all times

228. The most difficult type of ice to detect, by the ground crew is

pack ice

glaze ice

surface ice

229. To perform a visual inspection efficiently, what is the best condition set?

Temperature, light and accessibility

Torch, mirror and steps

Temperature, light and quality equipment

230. When inspecting an airframe structure for small cracks, to avoid a crack being missed you should

hold the vision stationary for several seconds on each area to allow the eye to focus correctly.

constantly move the eye across and around the area of interest to avoid the crack falling into the eye'snatural blind spot.

not use a mirror as mirrors absorb and refract light and may obscure a crack



47/62

1. Working inside in a well lit, comfortable hangar

Comment/Reference:

2. may lead to fatigueComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.6.1

3. provided by fixed light units giving light to shadow ratio of 3:1Comment/Reference: CAP 716 Appendix L Para.2.2.3 (although no reference can be found for the 3 to 1 bit)

4. 23 kgComment/Reference: 23 kg or 50 lbs

5. poor lighting or noiseComment/Reference: Sensing and perception are 2 stages in the Information Processing Model (CAP 715 Ch.2Para.4.1) and affected by lighting and noise.

6. portable so that individual tasks may be well litComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.5 Para.3.2 and 3.3

7. that there is communication between the extra supervisor and the tradesman, to ensure safety at all times

Comment/Reference:

8. glaze iceComment/Reference:

9. Temperature, light and accessibilityComment/Reference:

10. constantly move the eye across and around the area of interest to avoid the crack falling into the eye's naturalblind spotComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.5.2


48/62

Questions 231 240

231. When a person moves from a poorly lit area to a well lit area, what is the minimum time they should allow forthe eyes to adapt?

7 seconds

7 minutes

30 seconds

232. Itemized checklists should be dealt with

in any order, provided all steps are completed item by item, in order, to cover every step diligently

as memorized

233. The main disadvantage of carrying out critical inspections under very bright artificial light is

filtered light

glare

shadows

234. When carrying out a visual inspection, an engineer is likely to make a parallax error when

using precision measuring instruments such as a vernier gauge or AVO meter

viewing internal details with a borescope

inspecting a component using a 5x or 10x magnifying glass

235. When describing tasks, the term 'complex system' refers to a task

involving fault finding

which involve decision making rather than practical work

which may be broken down into many steps

236. A good scan is best achieved by

a steady sweep of the eyes

frequent and small eye movement

quartering the area

237. During visual scanning the eye movement should be

small and infrequent small and frequent

large and frequent

238. What constitutes a good work handover?

A written documentation of the work done

A written and verbal account of the work done

A verbal account of the work done

239. A good shift handover should include details of

tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks tobe carried out and general company and technical information.

tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks tobe carried out and tools required to carry out the tasks.

tasks that have been completed; persons who carried out the tasks; tasks to be carried out and generalcompany and technical information.

240. Technical communication between two engineers can go wrong if

the recipient uses body language to provide feedback to the sender.

the sender uses a sketch to augment the information transmittal.

the recipient makes an assumption of the meaning of the information being transmitted.


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1. 7 minutesComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.9.1

2. item by item, in order, to cover every step diligently

Comment/Reference: Closest reference found to this is CAP 715 Ch.6 Para.4.5

3. glareComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.5 Para.3.4

4. using precision measuring instruments such as a vernier gauge or AVO meterComment/Reference: Parallax = 'The apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points thatare not on a line with the object'

5. which may be broken down into many stepsComment/Reference: Complex means 'more than one'.

6. frequent and small eye movementComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.5.2

7. small and frequentComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.5.2

8. A written and verbal account of the work doneComment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.9 Para.1.4.

9. tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to becarried out and general company and technical information.

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.7 Para.1.5.1 and CAP 716 App.M Para.3.7.3

10. the recipient makes an assumption of the meaning of the information being transmittedComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.7 Para.1.6.2


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Questions 241 250

241. A good practice for a shift handover is for shifts to be specifically rostered so there is an overlap of

5 - 10 minutes

2 - 3 hours

20 - 30 minutes

242. 'Asynchronous' communication includes

immediate voice communication by radio link

technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives face-to-face communications

243. The best type of handover is

when written instructions are given by the engineer finishing his shift to the engineer just beginning a shift.

the use of handover logs and a brief by the shift supervisor

when each individual gets a personal handover of the job

244. The most effective form of communication is

verbal communication

explicit communication

written communication

245. To establish a reliable means of communication between teams

detailed verbal communication is the most effective method

change-over logs and verbal communication are essential

a detailed written handover is the most effective method

246. An effective shift handover will comprise of

the shift supervisor informing personnel of all ongoing work

the outgoing and incoming personnel individually handing over ongoing tasks

handing over ongoing tasks in a designated area

247. What is the most important means of communication in aircraft maintenance engineering?

Written

Implicit Verbal

248. The most effective form of communication is

verbal communication

written communication

implicit communication249. Little black books are

a good time saving device for an engineer

permissible as long as the information stored is from an approved source

not to be used as information stored may be out of date

250. If you are given a task that you are unsure of you should

ask someone who has done it before

consult the appropriate approved data

consult type course notes


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1. 20 - 30 minutesComment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.9 Para.1.3

2. technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness DirectivesComment/Reference:

3. the use of handover logs and a brief by the shift supervisorComment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.9 Para.1.4 and App.M Para.4 and AWN 3 Para.1.4

4. explicit communicationComment/Reference:

5. change-over logs and verbal communication are essentialComment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.9 Para.1.4

6. handing over ongoing tasks in a designated areaComment/Reference: CAP 716 App.M Para 3.7.4 & CAP715 Ch.7 Para.1.5.2

7. Written

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App T Para 1

8. verbal communicationComment/Reference: Interrogation and confirmation can be used in verbal communication to ensure that thereceiver has understood. 'Implicit communication' is implied (non-verbal) communication and is open tointerpretation and errors.

9. not to be used as information stored may be out of dateComment/Reference:

10. consult the appropriate approved dataComment/Reference:


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Questions 251 260

251. A shift hand-over is where

each individual person hands over their work

a shift supervisor hands the work over to a complete shift

the work done is written down by a company organization

252. The alerting system for an important system failure should be

a dolls-eye indicator

a flashing visual signal, preferably red an aural warning

253. Failures caused by those in direct contact with the system are described as

routine failures

latent failures

active failures

254. If, during a ground-run, the engine catches fire, and the technician carries out the fire drill, this is

knowledge based action

skill based action

rule based action

255. A maintenance Error Management System (MEMS) is used to

process Mandatory Occurrence Reports (MORs) only

investigate reports on all incidents and accidents

investigate Confidential Human Incident Reports (CHIRP) only

256. A wrongly set torque wrench would most likely produce a

Type 1 error

constant error

variable error

257. The biggest risk of error associated with using checklists is that

they can invoke automatic responses

they can be misread the user may be distracted

258. Skill-based behaviour is associated with

rules

experience

motor programmes

259. When carrying out a cockpit drill in response to an engine fire warning you are using

rule-based behaviour

knowledge-based behaviour

skill-based behaviour

260. A maintenance Error Management System (MEMS) is usedto

process Mandatory Occurrence Reports (MORs) only

investigate Confidential Human Incident Reports (CHIRP) only

investigate reports on all incidents and accidents


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1. a shift supervisor hands the work over to a complete shiftComment/Reference:

2. an aural warningComment/Reference:

3. active failuresComment/Reference:

4. rule based actionComment/Reference:

5. investigate reports on all incidents and accidentsComment/Reference:

6. constant errorComment/Reference:

7. they can invoke automatic responses

Comment/Reference:

8. motor programmesComment/Reference:

9. rule-based behaviourComment/Reference:

10. investigate reports on all incidents and accidentsComment/Reference:


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Questions 261 270

261. The SHEL model of human factors takes into account

Software, hardware, efficiency and liveware

Software, hardware, environment and liveware

Software, hardware, environment and location

262. What part of the SHEL model would the writing and interpretation of maintenance manuals fit into?

Software

Environment Hardware

263. The 'error chain' theory refers to

a chain of errors within an organizations can be investigated, and similar errors prevented by determininga common link between them.

errors are caused by a chain of linked events, and the breaking of one link in the chain will prevent theerror.

a company is only as good as its weakest employee or employees, and removal of that/those employeefrom the chain should prevent errors.

264. What part of the SHEL model would the aircraft design fit into?

Hardware

Environment

Liveware

265. Which part of the SHEL model is most difficult to protect from errors by 'designing out' or to 'work around'?

Liveware

Environment

Software

266. A violation in an aircraft maintenance procedure

is usually carried out with the best intentions from a genuine desire to 'get the job done'

is always considered an act of vandalism or sabotage

is always carried out to satisfy some personal need, often unrelated to the actual task

267. Which type of human error is easiest to correct?

Constant error

Reversible error

Variable error

268. In the 'slips, lapses and mistakes' definition of errors, forgetting to replace an engine cowling would beconsidered a

Lapse

Mistake

slip

269. In the 'slips, lapses and mistakes' definition of errors, a mistake would typically occur at the

execution stage storage (memory) stage

planning stage

270. On a task that is complex, an engineer uses his own procedures due to pressure. This is legally termed

violation

modification

initiative



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1. Software, hardware, environment and livewareComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.1.5.1

2. SoftwareComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.1.5.2

3. errors are caused by a chain of linked events, and the breaking of one link in the chain will prevent the errorComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2.7.2

4. HardwareComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.1.5.2.

5. LivewareComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.1.5.4

6. is usually carried out with the best intentions from a genuine desire to 'get the job done'Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.5

7. Constant error


8. lapseComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.3

9. planning stageComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.4

10. violationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.2.4 and Para.1.4.5


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Questions 271 280

271. Visual inspection by an 'experienced' maintenance engineer is

knowledge and rule base behaviour

skill and knowledge based behaviour

skill and rule based behaviour

272. Troubleshooting is

skill based rule based

knowledge based

273. A violation is

a deliberate departure from the rules

an unintentional error

an intentional act of sabotage

274. A mistake is

a deliberate departure from the rules

an intentional act of sabotage

an unintentional error

275. Whilst working on an aircraft a spanner placed on the wing surface is kicked off and subsequently falls into anopen engine cowl, breaking off a sensor connector. This is an example of

Murphy's law

a skill based error

a punishable occurrence

276. An experienced engineer fits the wrong seal during aroutine component change. This is

skill based

knowledge based

rule based

277. An engineer is working on a wing and kicks a spanner off into an engine cowl and breaks a sensor. This is

skill based error

rule based error

knowledge based error

278. The difference between a mistake and a violation is

a mistake is less serious than a violation

a violation is not deliberate

a mistake is unintentional and a violation is deliberate279. An engineer finds his own method of doing a repetitive job.

He should hand it on to his junior colleagues

He should be commended for his resourcefulness

He is in regular violation

280. An experienced engineer is fitting a valve. A required seal is not fitted. What type of error is this?

Skill based

Knowledge based

Rule based


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1. knowledge and rule base behaviourComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.5.1 and Ch.6 Para.3.4

2. rule basedComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.5

3. a deliberate departure from the rules Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.5

4. an unintentional errorComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.3

5. a skill based errorComment/Reference: A Skill based error are errors associated with 'intrinsic variability of force, space or timecoordination' (Human Error, James Reason pg.43).

6. rule basedComment/Reference: Using the IPC is a rule based behaviour.

7. skill based error

Comment/Reference: A skill based error (slip) is an error in force, space or time coordination (Reason, HumanError pg 43).

8. a mistake is unintentional and a violation isdeliberateComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4

9. He is in regular violationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4

10. Rule basedComment/Reference: This is a rule based error. In Rule Base errors are typically associated withmisclassification of situations leading to the application of the wrong rule or with the incorrect recall of

procedures. (Reason, Human Error pg 43)


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Questions 281 290

281. The hub of the SHEL model of human factors is

Hardware

environment

liveware

282. A type 1 visual inspection error occurs when

a faulty item is missed

a duplicate inspection is not carried out a good item is incorrectly identified as faulty

283. What is the difference between error and violation?

No difference

Violation is deliberate, error is not

Error is deliberate, violation is not

284. What is a latent failure?

Receiving bad instruction from a manager who is out of touch with maintenance

A failure which could not have been predicted

A mistake that has already been made, but has not yet caused an accident

285. What happens when you break the 'chain of error'?

Accident happens

Pilot submits report within 72 hours

Accident does not happen

286. If an engineer forgets to fit a seal to an enginedrain plug, he or she has

made an error of commission

committed a violation

made an error of omission

287. An engineer is performing a task in less than ideal conditions in order to meet an operational deadline is

committing a situational violation committed a routine error

making a rule based slip

288. An engineer who has developed his or her own method of performing a complex task

is performing a rule based behaviour

should be commended for his/her resourcefulness

is violating on a regular basis

289. Error tolerance in maintenance progress refers to

ability of a system to remain functional after a maintenance error

process of eliminating the contributing factors to error

performance of tasks specifically designed to identify errors during a maintenance task

290. Duty of care for health and safety of people at work rests with

employers and employees

employers only

the Health and Safety Executive


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1. livewareComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para. 1.5

2. a good item is incorrectly identified as faultyComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.2.6

3. Violation is deliberate, error is notComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.5

4. A mistake that has already been made, but has not yet caused an accidentComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.6.2

5. Accident does not happenComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2.7.2

6. made an error of omissionComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.3

7. committing a situational violationComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.2.4.3

8. is violating on a regular basisComment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.2.4.2

9. ability of a system to remain functional after a maintenance errorComment/Reference: Human Error by James Reason. (Error Tolerant systems)

10. employers and employeesComment/Reference:


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Questions 291 300

291. When dealing with an emergency, the first priority is to protect

others only

building and equipment

yourself and others

292. The three basic steps in dealing with an emergency are

summon assistance, assess and then make safe make safe, summon assistance and then assess

assess, make safe and then summon assistance

293. Hazards found in the workplace are the result of unsafe

environmental conditions only

human conditions only

human and environmental conditions

294. When evacuating casualties you would first move

fatalities

walking wounded

the most seriously wo

Documents

Module 9 Human Factors Q&A