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Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 1
Module 7
Planning and Scheduling with theCritical Path Method
Session 7.2Scheduling and allocating resources with CPM
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 2
Instructional Objective
Schedule activities and resources, shorten duration, and control the project by measuring progress against plan
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 3
Tasks for managing plans
Scheduling activities Allocating resources Meeting required dates Allowing for risk
Getting management approval Monitoring progress vs. plan (control) Reporting Rescheduling and updating
Detailed plan Master summary plan
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 4
G 1
Early start schedule
B 4 F 2
C 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Weeks
D 1
E 1
: : : :A 1
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 5
Scheduled start - Leveled resource
A B 4 F 21
C 1
G 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Weeks
D 1
E 1
: : : :
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 6
1 192 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
DAYS
10 210 12 10 6 6 9 16 16 15 15 15 15 12 10 6 2 2
1 192 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
MAN HISTOGRAM
002468
10121416
DAYS
JOB D 4 MEN FLOAT
JOB A 4 MEN JOB E 3 MEN JOB A 2 MEN FLOAT
JOB B 2 MEN
JOB F 4 MEN FLOAT
JOB C 4 MEN JOB G 2 MEN JOB J 3 MEN JOB K 2 MEN
JOB L 6 MEN JOB M 3 MEN FLOAT
ME
N
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 7
Resource histogram:Early start with overload
1 192 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0246
810
121416
DAYS
Menrequired
Men available
Overload
(a) Earliest start schedule
ME
N
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 8
Resource histogram:Late start schedule
1 192 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0246
810
121416
DAYS
Men required
Men available
Overload
(b) Latest start schedule
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 9
191 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
DAYS
JOB A 4 MEN JOB E 3 MEN JOB H 2 MENFLOAT
JOB B2 MEN
JOB F 4 MEN FLOAT
JOB C 4 MEN JOB G 2 MEN JOB J 3 MEN JOB K 2 MEN
JOB M 3 MEN FLOAT
1 192 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
JOB D 4 MEN FLOAT
JOB A 4 MEN JOB E 3 MEN JOB H 2 MEN FLOAT
JOB B2 MEN
JOB F 4 MEN FLOAT
JOB C 4 MEN JOB G 2 MEN JOB J 3 MEN JOB K 2 MEN
JOB L 6 MENJOB M3 MEN FLOAT
FLOAT
FLOAT FLOAT
Best schedule
Early start schedule
JOB L 6 MENNote: D and H now critical
JOB D 4 MENFLOAT
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 10
Histogram: Resource loading for best schedule
10 810 8 10 10 6 5 6 12 13 13 13 13 13 9 11 11 8
1 192 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 180246
810
121416
ME
N
MAN HISTOGRAM
Men required
DAYS
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 11
Scheduling criteria
1. Resource allocation (leveling)
2. Cost and cash flow
3. Risk
4. Outside factors (weather)
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 12
Early versus late start schedule
A B 4 F 21
C 1
G 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Weeks
D 1
E 1
: : : :
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 13
Time compression(Crashing the schedule)
What ?
Why ?
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 14
Time compression alternatives
1. Add resources (people, money)
2. Change logic
3. Change objective
4. Change methods
5. Reduce time estimates
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 15
Time compression (Crashing)
A B 4 F 21
C 1
G 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Weeks
D 1
E 1
: : : :
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 16
Time compression alternatives
1. Add resources (people, money)
2. Change logic
3. Change objective
4. Change methods
5. Reduce time estimates
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 17
Change logic sequence
A B
A
B
5 3
5
3
Save 3 weeks
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 18
Lead-lag relationship
Foundation
Structural steel
Structural steel
Foundation
30%
or 2 week delay
70%
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 19
In sequencing do not mix logic and resources
Instant coffee project
Resource scheduling problem, not logical constraint
Get sugar bowl Wrong
Get sugar bowl
Get coffee jarRight
Get coffee jar
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 20
Risk
Dealing with uncertainty
Making assumptions about the future
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 21
Dealing with risk
Longest + (4 . most likely) + shortest6
Expectedtime =
PERT uses probability model with 3 estimates
Bell shaped curve
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 22
Identify activities with high probability of delay
Plan Risk
Add extra time based on best collective judgment
4 2
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 23
Fast-track management decisions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Normal
Managementapprovesbudget of40,000 forprototype
Build
6 months
Test
6 months
DesignPhase
Prototype Phase
ManufacturingPhase
Start upmanufact.
12 months
Months
Tooling
Procure parts
Managementdecisions
6 months
2 years
Managementapproves budget of10,000 for
tooling plus100,000 for
manufacturing
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 24
6 months
Accelerated
Build
6 months
Test
6 months
DesignPhase
Prototype Phase
ManufacturingPhase
Months
Procure parts
Managementdecisions
1.5 yearsSave 6 months
Fast-track management decisions
Managementapprovesbudget of40,000 for
prototype plus 10,000 for
tooling
Start upmanufact.
Tooling
6 months
Managementapproves budget of100,000
manufacturing
12 months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 25
Time compression alternatives
1. Add resources (people, money)
2. Change logic
3. Change objective
4. Change methods
5. Reduce time estimates
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 26
Control
Measuring progress versus plan
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 27
Control = measuring progress versus plan
A B 4 F 21
C 1
G 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Weeks
D 1
E 1
: : : :
TODAY
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 28
Reporting and control
Monitor progress
Revise schedule
Pay attention to human element
Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 29
Tasks for managing plans Scheduling activities
Allocating resources Meeting required dates Allowing for risk
Getting management approval
Monitoring progress vs. plan (control)
Reporting
Rescheduling and updating Detailed plan Master summary plan