Module 4 - WHO · Module 4 College of Development Communication. Follows a systematic process that involves: •Determining the needs and problems, •Planning •Implementing

Module 4

College of Development Communication

Follows a systematic process thatinvolves:

•Determining the needs andproblems,

•Planning

•Implementing

•Evaluating

It entails ensuring that the resourcesneeded for all project activities areavailable at the right place at theright time.


This modulegives you

an overview of

project development

By the end of this module you should be able to:

• Describe the project cycle

• Identify the key elements of projectdevelopment

• Develop an outline of a project planCollege of Development Communication

..is a time-limited initiative that isundertaken to create a uniqueservice

A combination of resources arepulled together and chanelled intoa temporary structure in order toachieve a specific goal


Project development involves a series ofcontinuous, often overlapping phases. Together ,these phases form the process we call…


Formulate a Project

Mobilize Resources

Implement the Project

Monitor the Project

Evaluate The Project

Impact

Re-plan

Local Situation

Assessment

TheProjectCycle


In the context of the global initiative, thebaseline assessment or situationalanalysis is called the local situationassessment. Knowing what is happening in yourcommunity is a crucial starting pointpoint in identifying the type ofintervention project to be developed. It helps you define the actual problemsand needs of young people in yourcommunity in relation to substance abuse


•Situations are not necessarily thesame in every country

•Assessing the situation at thebeginning will help you evaluatethe effectiveness of interventionswhen the project ends

•Interventions based on the realitiesof the local situation are moreeffective!

It is important because:


During this phaze, you and thecommunity decide

•what project you intend to achieve•by what means and•with the help of whom

Your plans will need to be documented;so you’ll be needing a project plan


Parts of a project plan

The objectives– what the project intends toachieve

The activities– what is to be done

A timeframe– when activities are to becarried out and objectives areto be achieved

The resources– financial, material, human, orother resources such as “time”


A plan for monitoring – checking onwhether everything is going according toplan. Indicators will be very useful.Monitoring must be done from time to time,throughout the implementation of the project

A plan for evaluation – checking what hasor has not been achieved based on theobjectives, activities, resources, timeframe,and monitoring records. Indicators willagain be very important.

Parts of a project plan (continued)


Each objective should thus be:

SpecificMeasurableAchievableRealistic andTime-bound

Some Clarifying Points of Objectives and Indicators

set the overalldirection for the project.


give requiredevidence to show that objectivesare being achieved and thatactivities are successful.

Each indicatorshould thus be:

Relevant

Reliable

Verifiable


Indicators:

•Existence and use of a project plan forimplementing activities•Number of schools reached•Age/gender of students reached•Knowledge and Skills Attained

•%students with knowledge aboutsubstance abuse•% with peer education skills•% students benefiting from peereducation

An example:Objective: By December 2001 implement peer education activitiesin four schools in the area.


The local situation assessmentwill tell you what resources areavailable in the community, andwhich resources you will need tobring in for the project. The types of resources you willneed are referred to as “The 4Ms”


Mobilizers (people)


Moment (Time)


Materials


Money


During this phase, the program plans thatyou have developed are concretelyinterpreted and put into motion. It’s easier when a clear project plan hasbeen prepared and can be followed. This phase demands the most in terms ofhow well you manage and organize thewhole process.


Effective Implementation willinvolve working through andwith other people andorganizations, establishingeffective relationships amongpeople.

Effective leadership will be anintegral part of moving theproject forward.


Monitoring provides you withcontinuous feedback on the workbeing carried out.

Are the objectives being met?Should they be modified?

The monitoring plan developed in thesecond phase should now befollowed. Specific instruments/forms should bedeveloped for collecting the relevantinformation.


•Be developed through a consultative process•Be understood by all those who will use it•Be in accordance with the way the project isorganized•Be used in a timely manner to report deviations fromthe agreed-upon course•Be flexible enough to remain usable throughout thelifetime of the project

The monitoring plan must:


•Indicate the nature of the actionthat can be taken when the projectis not on course

•Include not only words butpictures or other symbols that areeasy to interpret

•Not be expensive to implement

The monitoring plan must: (Continued)


This phase provides an opportunity to lookback at all the work that has been doneover a fixed period of time, and determinethe effectiveness of the project. The problems and successes of the projectare identified. Lessons learnt through monitoring andevaluation could be used to rewrite theplan, to make it more relevant and feasible,or to review the situation and determinenewly emerging needs and problems


Many styles of project proposalwriting exist, but for the sake ofconsistency, this example isfrequently used by organizationsworking at the grassroots level,and is regarded adequate forsmall projects.


Should be brief (2-3 pages) but shouldinclude sufficient information to ensure thatit is understood by the target audience (i.e.project staff, funding agency).

1. A Project Summary


It should specify:•The main objectives of the project

•What the project will do and when

•Who it will reach

•The geographical area of work

•The total budget

•What financial and other resourcesare available, and the contributionsexpected from the community

•The amount being requested

•Project team/ structure (who willdo what)


The introduction should bebased on the local situationassessment and include:

•The justification for theproject (the need for it)•A description ofprevious activitiesundertaken (if any)•Information on how theproject fits into theoverall objectives of theGlobal Initiative Project•The beneficiaries of theproject

2. An Introduction


REMEMBER!

In the Global Initiative Project, a local situationassessment is a prerequisite for the submission

of a project proposal for funding.


Objectives of the project –a statement of theproblems that the project will address, the timeframeand the indicators for achievement of these goals.

This part gives direction to the project.

Remember: make sure all your objectives areSMART.

Activities/ budget/ responsibilities – Listactivities in order of priority. For each activity,indicate a timeframe, a budget, and the responsibleperson.

3. The “Project Plan”This is a detailed plan of activities, organized suchthat related activities follow each of the statedobjectives


Budget – provide a summary of all the financialrequirements of a project, in the form of a totalbudget Monitoring and Evaluation – specify amonitoring and evaluation scheme. The plan forevaluation should include the participation ofpeople not involved in the implementation (forexample, external experts, other communitymembers.)\

The “project plan” (continued)


Project management – explain who willbe responsible for the overall project, whois on the project team, how young peoplewill be involved, what sort of collaborationis intended and other participatory meansof involvement of community groups.

Future plans and project sustainability– indicate what will happen after theproject ends, in terms of the project’sresults and impact.

The “project plan” (continued)


REMEMBER!

Following the project cycle makes it easier to implement andkeep track of activities, and to know what has or has not

worked. It also helps with writing a project proposal. A well-structured proposal that provides the essential details has a

better chance of being funded!


•Project Development follows a systematic process whichinvolves project identification through a local situationassessment, project formulation, resource mobilization,implementation, monitoring and impact evaluation.

•Any worthwhile project should begin with a localsituation assessment (baseline assessment)

•Processes for monitoring and evaluation should beoutlined during the project formulation phase.

•A well-written project proposal can be a useful tool formonitoring and fundraising.



Documents

Module 4 - WHO · Module 4 College of Development Communication. Follows a systematic process that involves: •Determining the needs and problems, •Planning •Implementing