Module 2d - Casindo · slide 3/31 Training course on Renewable Energy BTG Bioliquids BV ... become operational from 2011 onwards. 14 slide 27/31 Training course on Renewable ... Biomass

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Module 2d

Pyrolysis

slide 2/31

Training course on Renewable Energy

Development BTG Group

1993InitiationR&D onbiomasspyrolysis

ContructionPyrolysisPilot Plant1996-1997

2005Construction

5 ton/hr DemoUnit Malaysia

Start-UpBTG

Bioliquids2007

Development pyrolysis activities

Focus on biomass conversion technologies

Unique combination R&D, Consultancy and ProjectDevelopment

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BTG Bioliquids BV(BTG-BTL)

› BTL is ready to implement its pyrolysis technology on acommercial basis today!

› Unique market position

› Worldwide implementation

› Divers clientele– Utilities– Petrochemical companies– (chemical)industry / large heat requirements– Agricultural sector

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Biomass

› Why biomass?– Reduction of the use of fossil fuels (coal natural gas, oil)– Reduction greenhouse gases (in particular CO2)– Security / diversity of energy supply– Cheaper ?

› Why is biomass not used?– Contaminants– Availability (MJ versus GJ)– Structure (….) - complexity of material– Energy density

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slide 5/31


Why Pyrolysis?

› Tradable liquid products as main

product from biomass (≤70%)

› Minerals remain in char / ash

› High fuel flexibility

› Increase in energy density with a

factor of 4 - 5 (wood) to 10 - 20

(fibrous, wet EFB)

› Linking agriculture to (petro)-

chemical industry

Decoupling in biomass resource, location, time and scale

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What is pyrolysis?

Principle– Fast chemical degradation due to rapid

heating in absence of oxygen– The main product is a liquid: Bio-oil

Conditions– 500°C, 1 atm.– Small particles (< 3 mm)– Rapid heating– Short residence time of the product– Rapid quenching

1000 kg wood

150 kg gas

750 kg oil

100 kg char

1000 kg wood

150 kg gas

750 kg oil

100 kg char

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HARD TO HANDLE, LOW DENSITY,NOT UNIFORM SOLID

A VERSATILE, UNIFORM LIQUID

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Role of pyrolysis

bulk 200 - 300 kg/m3 = 1300 kg/m3 Long distancetransport

Flash pyrolysiswood

enginesturbinesboilers

chemicals

gasification

Quantity

Volumetric energy densityBio-oil densityViscosity at 50oCOil acidityOil water contentAsh content

Bio-oil

211220

133

20 - 300.02 - 0.1

Unit

GJ/m3

kg m-3

mm2 s-1

pHwt%wt%

Heavyfuel oil

39963351

-0.1

0.03

3

bulk 200 - 300 kg/m3 = 1300 kg/m3 Long distancetransport

Flash pyrolysiswood

enginesturbinesboilers

chemicals

gasification

Quantity

Volumetric energy densityBio-oil densityViscosity at 50oCOil acidityOil water contentAsh content

Bio-oil

211220

133

20 - 300.02 - 0.1

Unit

GJ/m3

kg m-3

mm2 s-1

pHwt%wt%

Heavyfuel oil

39963351

-0.1

0.03

3

5

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Flash pyrolysis processes

0

T(°C)

100 200 300 400 500 600

drying

dewatering+ charring

organic vapoursproduction

secondary cracking ofvapours becomesdominant

reaction timehours minutes seconds fractions of seconds

Challenge: produce as much as possible liquid fuel(transport and application)

local processes

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Pyrolysis Process

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Pyrolysis Process “Indication Pine”

PyrolysisProcess

1000 kgproduct

10 kg Ash

(1%)

680 kg Oil (68%)

120 kg Gas(12%)

190 kg Char(19%)

*100% clean pine wood. Ash can vary from 1 – 5%

PyrolysisProcess

1000 kgproduct

10 kg Ash

(1%)

680 kg Oil (68%)

120 kg Gas(12%)

190 kg Char(19%)

*100% clean pine wood. Ash can vary from 1 – 5%

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B

P

gas

(e.g. Dynamotive)

B

Rotatingcone

P

(e.g. BTG (+ UT))

dense bed circulating bed

(e.g. Ensyn)

gas

P

B gas

P

pneumaticconveyer(here downdraft)

(e.g. Egemin)

B

B

P

Ablative vortex reactor(NREL)

VacuumPyrovac

Flash Pyrolysis; emerging reactors

B

P

Molten salt heating

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Characterization of the technologies

dense bed

circulating bed

rotating cone

pneumatic conveyer

vacuum

rapid heatingavoidance of

secondary reactions

+++

++

++

±

-

- - -

±

++

++

+++

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Rotating cone technology

Rotating conePrinciple

Biomass

Pyrolysisvapours

Hot sand

SandChar&

Axis

Top

Bottom

• No carrier gas• Small vapour residence time• High intensity reactor

Biomass size: <2 mmVapour residence time: 0.1 - 1 secondsSolids throughput: 25 ton/hr

(1m cone top diameter)

Characteristics

Features

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Rotating conePrinciple

Biomass

Pyrolysisvapours

Hot sand

SandChar&

Axis

Top

Bottom

• No carrier gas• Small vapour residence time• High intensity reactor

Biomass size: <2 mmVapour residence time: 0.1 - 1 secondsSolids throughput: 25 ton/hr

(1m cone top diameter)

Characteristics

Features

13

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Laboratory facilities

› MPP (mini pilot plant)– 2 – 5 kg/hr– Initial testing

› Pilot Plant– 200 - 250 kg/hr– continuous operation– automation– testing specific feedstocks– e.g. wood, sludge, tabacco,

straw, bagasse, rice husk,etc

– oil samples

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Pyrolysis Plant Malaysia

› Location: Ayer Hitam, JohorMalaysia

› Capacity: 2 ton/hr

› Modular construction

› Detailed design &construction of pyrolysisunit in the Netherlands(2004)

› Shipped to Malaysia inJanuary 2005

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Pyrolysis Oil Applications

TODAY

TOMORROW

Boilerapplications

Gas turbines

Chemicalapplications

Diesel engines

Automotivefuels

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Pyrolysis Oil Applications

Stand-alone boiler for heat

Diesel Engine forElectricity & Heat (CHP) Oil upgrading (HDO) for

Transportation fuels

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Pyrolysis in Bio-based Economy

Heat &electricity

biomassconversion

biomasscollection /

pre-conversionmain

product

Biorefinery

Refinery

› Biomass is converted topyrolysis oil close tobiomass-rich areas. Pyrolysisinstallations will be scaled tomatch availability of biomass

› Pyrolysis oil is transported tolarge-scale biorefineries nearconventional refineries forconversion to fuel andchemical products.Installations will be scaled tomatch refinery capacity

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Pyrolysis in Bio-based EconomyConcept from Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals

Biomass

UpgradingSynthesisFractionationPyrolysis

LiquifactionPretreatment

ConventionalRefinery

PretreatedBiomass

PyrolysisOil

Bioliquidbuildingblock

Stabilized oilSyngasFractionsByproducts

BiofuelsBio-chemicals

Blends of fuelsand chemicals

PYROLYSISDecentralised2-20 ton/hr biomass input BIOREFINERY

Centralised50-200 ton/hr oil input EXISTING REFINERY

Centralised200 - 1000 ton/hr oil input

Crude Oil

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Primaryprocess

Secundaryprocess

UpgradingEnd-use

PY

RO

LY

SIS

PR

OC

ES

SP

YR

OL

YS

ISP

RO

CE

SS

FR

AC

TIO

NA

TIO

NF

RA

CT

ION

AT

ION

Biomass Oil

CHEMICALSCHEMICALS

FERMENTATIONFERMENTATIONSugars

HYDROTREATINGHYDROTREATING

COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION

GASIFICATIONGASIFICATION

PHENOLPHENOL

ACETIC ACIDACETIC ACID

ALCOHOLICFUELS

ALCOHOLICFUELS

HEAT +ELECTRICIT

Y

HEAT +ELECTRICIT

Y

SYNGASSYNGAS

RAWMATERIAL

FORREFINERIES

RAWMATERIAL

FORREFINERIES

Aqueous phase

Application

Hig

hvalue

Low

value

ETC…ETC…

Primaryprocess

Secundaryprocess

UpgradingEnd-use

PY

RO

LY

SIS

PR

OC

ES

SP

YR

OL

YS

ISP

RO

CE

SS

FR

AC

TIO

NA

TIO

NF

RA

CT

ION

AT

ION

Biomass Oil

CHEMICALSCHEMICALS

FERMENTATIONFERMENTATIONSugars

HYDROTREATINGHYDROTREATING

COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION

GASIFICATIONGASIFICATION

PHENOLPHENOL

ACETIC ACIDACETIC ACID

ALCOHOLICFUELS

ALCOHOLICFUELS

HEAT +ELECTRICIT

Y

HEAT +ELECTRICIT

Y

SYNGASSYNGAS

RAWMATERIAL

FORREFINERIES

RAWMATERIAL

FORREFINERIES

Aqueous phase

Application

Hig

hvalue

Low

value

ETC…ETC…

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Specialty chemicals

Complex mixture of highly oxygenated compound. A mixture of overhunderd chemicals derived by thermal decomposition of biomass

Bio-oil composition

Species typeAcid, ester:Alcohols, sugars:Aldehydes, ketones:Ether:Phenolics, phenols:Water:Unknowns:

Weight%10 - 152 - 104 - 121 - 5

20 - 5015 - 4012 - 15

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Bio-oil phenolics for fiberboard adhesive

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Bio-oil for liquid smoke

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Bio-oil for sugar derivatives

Levoglucosan uses:- specialty polymers,- resins,- glucoside surfactants- unhydrolyzable polyglucoses

Levoglucosenone uses in:- antibiotics- immuno suppressors- rare sugars like D-altrose- flavour chemicals

Anhydro-Oligosaccharide uses:- dextrin formulations

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BTG - BTL – the next steps

› Demonstration Plant Empyro in Hengelo (NL)– 5 ton/hr input (biomass dry)– Supported by EU– Located on AkzoNobel property, supported by AkzoNobel

› Also developments in Norway, Czech Republic, Spain, Franceand USA.

› Other installations in Europe are being developed and couldbecome operational from 2011 onwards

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Demonstration Plant Empyro

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Top view AkzoNobel site Hengelo

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Biomass building Biomass truck Oil truck

Oil storagePyrolysis conversion

MCC, Turbine and boiler building

Set up of the Plant

Dryer

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Possible Structure (1)

Battery LimitBTG-BTL

(wet) biomassat specifiedsize and qualityBiomass

pretreatment

N2(> 97 %)

Instrumentair

LPG/natural

gas

Coolingwater

Filteredpyrolysis oil Oil storage

andtransportation

Biomassdrying

Flue gasPyrolysis unitPost

combustor

Heat recovery& flue gascleaning

Feedstock pretreatment

ElectricalControl /

safetysystem

Steam/water

Ash / waste/ drains

Boiler feedwater

Utilities

Disposal

Steam

BTL Package value ± 7,5 Million

Core components included: Biomass feeding section, Sand screw conveyors, Reactors, Fluidized bed combustor, Condenser, Sand cooler, Process automation.

BTL will provide processguarantees for this package

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

TERIMAH KASIH

Documents

Module 2d - Casindo · slide 3/31 Training course on Renewable Energy BTG Bioliquids BV ... become operational from 2011 onwards. 14 slide 27/31 Training course on Renewable ... Biomass