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DEFENSE MECHANISM
PROF. ARNEL A. DIEGO MA.Ed.
Director, Social Sciences Department
THE ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO
Levels of Consciousness Conscious: thoughts or
motives that a person is currently aware of or is remembering
Preconscious: thoughts or motives that one can become aware of easily
Unconscious: thoughts or motives that lie beyond a person's normal awareness but that can be made available through psychoanalysis.
Freudian Theory
Structures of Personality Id
Operates according to the “pleasure principle” Ego
Operates according to the “reality” principle Superego
Contains values and ideals
Structure of personality
ID- Pleasure principle
Driven purely by needs, wants and desires, without regard for consequences (I want it and I want it now)
EGO - Reality principle
This follows what is realistic and includes all the gray areas of decision making, or the justifications for behavior
Superego – Morality
Strict adherence to the rules that govern society, everything is either black or white, right or wrong
Table 12.2 Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
ANXIETY
ANXIETY Unpleasant inner state that people seek to avoid. Anxiety acts as a
signal to the ego that things are not going right.
Freud identified three types of anxiety:
Neurotic anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id's urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior.
Reality anxiety is fear of real-world events. The cause of this anxiety is usually easily identified. For example, a person might fear receiving a dog bite when they are near a menacing dog. The most common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the threatening object.
Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own moral principles.
Fig. 15.3 Frustration and common reactions to it.
Reactions to frustration can be both positive and negative.
Positive reactions are realistic and reasonable ones.
Negative reactions are less realistic and reasonable, those are defensive reactions.
DEFENSE MECHANISM
DEFENSE MECHANISM
Refer to unconscious mental processes that protect the conscious person from developing anxiety
The defense mechanisms are ways and actions which people use in order to hide their incapability and failure.
REPRESSION Anxiety-evoking thoughts are
pushed into the unconscious.
“Repressed memories” are memories that have been unconsciously blocked from access or view.
Example: A woman is unable to recall that she was raped
REGRESSION
A reversion to immature patterns of behavior.
Is the reversion to an earlier stage of development in the face of unacceptable thoughts or impulses.
Example: An adolescent who is overwhelmed with fear, anger and growing sexual impulses might become clingy and start exhibiting earlier childhood behaviors such as bedwetting.
A boss has a temper tantrum when an employee makes a mistake
Note: An adult may regress when under a great deal of stress, refusing to leave their bed and engage in normal, everyday activities.
DISPLACEMENT Substituting a less threatening object
for the original object of impulse.
Involves taking out our frustrations, feelings and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening.
Example: After parental scolding, a young girl takes her anger out on her little brother
DENIAL The best known defense
mechanisms.
Denial is an outright refusal to admit or recognize that something has occurred or is currently occurring.
Example: Drug addicts or alcoholics often deny that they have a problem or an employee deny that the wages he received is not fair
PROJECTION Person attributes their own
unacceptable impulses to others.
Example: A spouse may be angry at their significant other for not listening, when in fact it is the angry spouse who does not listen.
RATIONALIZATION Involves explaining an
unacceptable behavior or feeling in a rational or logical manner, avoiding the true reasons for the behavior.
Example: Ian goes out of drinking the night before a big test rationalize his behavior by saying “the test isn't all that important”
SUBLIMATION Channeling of unacceptable
impulses, thoughts and emotions into more acceptable ones.
Example: For example, a person experiencing extreme anger might take up kick-boxing as a means of venting frustration or a person with strong feeling of aggression becomes a soldier
REACTION FORMATION
Behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s own true feelings.
Example: a woman who is very angry with her boss and would like to quit her job may instead be overly kind and generous toward her boss and express a desire to keep working there forever.
COMPENSATION
Process of psychologically counterbalancing perceived weaknesses by emphasizing strength in other areas.
For instance, when a person says, “I may not know how to cook, but I can sure do the dishes!,”
INTELLECTUALIZATION
Intellectualization is the overemphasis on thinking when confronted with an unacceptable impulse, situation or behavior without employing any emotions.
Example: a person who has just been given a terminal medical diagnosis, instead of expressing their sadness and grief, focuses instead on the details of all possible fruitless medical procedures.
IDENTIFICATION
Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group
Example: An insecure young man joins a fraternity to boost his self-esteem
GROUP ACTIVITY
Form a group with six members only… Create a scenario that shows the uses of
different defense mechanism (preparation time: 10 minutes).
Act / present it on class (3 – 5 minutes only).
CRITERIA
Content = 40pts Organization = 25pts Creativity / Acting Skills = 30pts Audience Impact = 5pts
REFERENCES
Feldman, Robert S. (2008). Understanding Psychology (5th edition). Mc Graw Hill International
Gaerlan, Josefina, Limpingco Delia & Tria Geraldine. General Psychology (5th edition). Ken Incorporated
THANK YOU
Therefore I say to you
what ever things you asked,
when you pray believed that you
received them and YOU WILL HAVE THEM..
MARK 11:24