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MODULE 1 – LESSON 1
MS. TRACY
BELL RINGER
•WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT?
BELL RINGER ANSWER
•THE CPU IS THE BRAINS OF THE COMPUTER. IT CONTROLS THE ACTIVITIES OF COMPUTER USING TWO PRIMARY SECTIONS THE A/LU AND THE CONTROL UNIT.
AGENDA
•BELL RINGER / ATTENDANCE
•REVIEW CURRENT EVENTS FROM MONDAY AND SUB PLANS FROM TUESDAY
•DISCUSS MODULE 1 – LESSON 1 (LECTURE AND NOTES)
•COMPLETE MODULE 1 – LESSON 1 REVIEW FROM TEXTBOOK
•COMPLETE WEDNESDAY CURRENT EVENTS
LEARNING TARGETS
•UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS.
•DEFINE COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS.
•CLASSIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER DEVICES.
•USE COMPUTER SYSTEMS.
• IDENTIFY SYSTEM COMPONENTS.
•DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT.
•DEFINE COMPUTER MEMORY.
•DESCRIBE HOW DATA IS REPRESENTED.
• IDENTIFY TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES.
•CARE FOR STORAGE MEDIA.
INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK
•NUMBER THE PAGES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK FROM 1 – 50.
1 32
Back of your
notebook cover.
Table of Content
s
Table of
Contents
Table of
Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Page #
Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 4Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 5Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 6Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 7
4 5
Lesson 1 Vocabulary Lesson 1 Vocabulary
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE
•THE COMPUTER IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INVENTS OF THE PAST CENTURY?
•HOW OFTEN DO YOU USE COMPUTERS ON A DAILY BASIS?
A BRIEF HISTORY…
• THE FIRST COMPUTERS WERE DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 1940’S AND EARLY 1950’S FOR USE BY THE MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT.
•MASSIVE.
•UNIVAC / ENIAC
• IN 1969, NEIMAN MARCUS ADVERTISTED THE FIRST HOME COMPUTER.
•HONEYWELL H316 “KITCHEN COMPUTER”
•$10,600
A BRIEF HISTORY….•MICROPROCESSOR WAS DEVELOPED IN 1971.
• FIRST APPLE COMPUTER WAS BUILT IN 1976.
•STEVE JOBS AND STEVE WOZNIAK
• FIRST IBM PC WAS INTRODUCED IN 1981.
•BILL GATES
DEFINING COMPUTERS
•A COMPUTER IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT FOLLOWS A SERIES OF STEPS, REFERRED TO AS THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE.
•A COMPUTER SYSTEM INCLUDES HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, DATA, AND PEOPLE.
DEFINING COMPUTER SYSTEMS•A COMPUTER PERFORMS ONLY TWO OPERATIONS:
•ARITHMETIC COMPUTATIONS SUCH AS ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION. COMPARISONS SUCH AS GREATER THAN, LESS THAN, OR EQUAL TO.
• LOGICAL OPERATIONS USING LOGICAL OPERATORS, SUCH AS AND, OR, AND NOT.
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS
•COMPUTERS ARE CLASSIFIED AS EITHER SPECIAL-PURPOSE COMPUTERS OR GENERAL COMPUTERS.
SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS•SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS
• CONTROL SOMETHING ELSE. THEY HAVE TINY CHIPS THAT ARE EMBEDDED IN DEVICES.
• DISHWASHER, BATHROOM SCALE, AIRPORT RADAR SYSTEM.
GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS•GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS
• ARE DIVIDED INTO CATEGORIES, BASED ON THEIR PHYSICAL, SIZE, FUNCTION, COST, AND PERFORMANCE.
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition ExamplesDesktop Computers
Designed so that all components fit on or under a desk
PC (Windows based) or Apple Macintosh
Notebook (Laptop) Computer
Small, portable, personal computers that contain the monitor with a built-in keyboard
Server Used by small to medium-size companies and can support a few users or hundreds of users
File server, database server, or web server
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition ExamplesMobile Devices Generally fit in the
palm of your handCalculators, smart phones, cell phones, handheld games, electronic organizers, & PDAs
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples
Tablet PC A personal computer similar in size and thickness to a notepad
Tablet Devices Use an embedded operating system, but do not support full feature operating systems like Tablet PCs
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples
Mainframe computer
Large expensive computer, capable of supporting up to thousands of users
Super-computer Fastest type of computer, used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples
Embedded Computers
Found in devices to perform specific tasks
Digital watch, MP3 player, appliances, etc.
Portable music/ media players
Store and play back music and videos
MP3 players and portable DVD players
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERSTypes Definition Examples
Computer game systems
Specialized computers used to play games
Electronic book readers
Displays an electronic version of a traditional print book
USING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
• COMPUTERS CAN TAKE RAW DATA AND CHANGE IT INTO INFORMATION.
• YOUR INPUT PROGRAMS AND DATA WITH SOME TYPE OF INPUT DEVICE.
• MOUSE, KEYBOARD, ETC.
• THE COMPUTER USES INSTRUCTIONS TO PROCESS THE DATA AND TO TURN IT INTO INFORMATION.
• YOU SEND THE INFORMATION TO SOME TYPE OF OUTPUT DEVICE.
• PRINTER, MONITOR, ETC.
• YOU STORE IT FOR LATER RETRIEVAL.
IDENTIFYING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• A SYSTEM UNIT IS THE CASE THAT CONTAINS ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER USED TO PROCESS DATA
IDENTIFYING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• THE MOTHERBOARD IS A CIRCUIT BOARD THAT IS CENTRAL IN THE SYSTEM UNIT.
• THE MOTHERBOARD CONTAINS INTEGRAL COMPONENTS, SUCH AS:
• CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
• MEMORY
• BASIC CONTROLLERS
• EXPANSION SLOTS
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT• THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
IS THE BRAINS OF THE COMPUTER.
• MEASURED IN HERTZ
• HOUSED IN A TINY CHIP
• CONTROLS THE FLOW OF THE ELECTRICITY THROUGH THE COMPUTER
• THE CPU HAS TWO PRIMARY SECTIONS:
• THE ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT
• THE CONTROL UNIT.
ARITHEMETIC / LOGIC UNIT
• PERFORMS ARITHMETIC, COMPARISON, AND OTHER OPERATIONS.
CONTROL UNIT
• DIRECTS AND COORDINATES MOST OF THE OPERATIONS IN THE COMPUTER
• YOU COMMUNICATE WITH THE COMPUTER THROUGH PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
• THE COMPUTER USES MACHINE LANGUAGE, OR BINARY, WHICH IS ALL 1’S AND 0’S.
HOW A COMPUTER RECOGNIZES DATA
• IN MACHINE LANGUAGE, THE CONTROL UNIT SENDS OUT NECESSARY MESSAGES TO EXECUTE THE INSTRUCTIONS. A SINGLE 0 OR A SINGLE 1 IS A BIT.
• 8 BITS = 1 BYTE.
• A BYTE IS A SINGLE CHARACTER.
• ELECTRICITY ON = 1
• ELECTRICITY OFF = 0
HOW A COMPUTER RECOGNIZES DATAUnit Characters
Hertz Approx. 1 character
Kilohertz Approx. 1,000 characters
Megahertz Approx. 1,000,000 characters
Gigahertz Approx. 1,000,000,000 characters
Terahertz Approx. 1,000,000,000,000 characters
MEMORY•MEMORY – CONSISTS OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS THAT
STORE INSTRUCTIONS WAITING TO BE EXECUTED AND DATA NEEDED BY THOSE INSTRUCTIONS
•RAM – RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY OR MAIN MEMORY
• KEEPS DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS TEMPORARILY OR WILL ERASED WHEN THE COMPUTER IS SHUT OFF (MEASURED IN BYTES)
•ROM – READ ONLY MEMORY
•CAN BE READ BUT NOT MODIFIED (SYSTEM FILES)
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY• THE MEMORY ON THE MOTHERBOARD IS SHORT TERM, CALLED
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM).
• DATA, INFORMATION, AND PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS ARE STORED TEMPORARILY ON A RAM CHIP AND DISAPPEAR WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED OFF.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY• THE INSTRUCTION CYCLE IS THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO RETRIEVE
INSTRUCTIONS TO PERFORM A SPECIFIED TASK AND COMPLETE THE COMMAND.
• THE EXECUTION CYCLE REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES THE CPU TO EXECUTE THE INSTRUCTION AND STORE THE RESULTS IN RAM.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY• TOGETHER, THE INSTRUCTION CYCLE AND ONE OR MORE EXECUTION CYCLES
CREATE A MACHINE CYCLE.
READ-ONLY MEMORY• ANOTHER TYPE OF MEMORY FOUND ON THE MOTHERBOARD IS READ-
ONLY MEMORY (ROM).
• ROM CHIPS STORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS THAT ARE NEEDED FOR COMPUTER OPERATION. THESE INSTRUCTIONS REMAIN ON THE CHIP EVEN WHEN THE POWER IS TURNED OFF.
• THE MORE COMMON OF THESE IS THE BIOS ROM, CONTAINING INSTRUCTIONS TO START THE SYSTEM WHEN YOU TURN ON THE COMPUTER.
UNIT OF MEMORYUnit Character
Byte Approx. 1 character
Kilobyte Approx. 1,000 characters
Megabyte Approx. 1,000,000 characters
Gigabyte Approx. 1,000,000,000 characters
Terabyte Approx. 1,000,000,000,000 characters
STORAGE DEVICESStorage Device Description Examples
Magnetic Discs Use magnetic particles to store items on a disk’s surface
Hard disks, magnetic tape, 3½ inch & ZIP disks
Optical Storage Devices
Use laser technology to read and write data on silver platters that contain a metal layer
CDs, DVDs & Blu-Ray
Solid-State Storage Media
Removable medium that uses integrated circuits to process
Miniature mobile storage media, USB flash drive
Network Drives Drive located on a computer other than the user’s local system
CARING FOR STORAGE•KEEP AWAY FROM MAGNETIC FIELDS.
•AVOID EXTREME TEMPERATURES.
•REMOVE MEDIA FROM DRIVES AND STORE THEM PROPERLY WHEN NOT IN USE.
•WHEN HANDLING DVDS AND OTHER OPTICAL DISCS, HOLD THEM AT THE EDGES.
•NEVER TRY TO REMOVE THE MEDIA FROM A DRIVE WHEN THE DRIVE INDICATOR LIGHT IS ON.
•KEEP DISCS IN A STURDY CASE WHEN TRANSPORTING.
ASSIGNMENT•COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS FROM YOUR TEXTBOOK:
• TRUE / FALSE (QUESTIONS 1 – 5)
•MULTIPLE CHOICE (QUESTIONS 1 – 5)
• FILL IN THE BLANK (QUESTIONS 1 – 5)