Module 0 - Orientation

Radiation Safety TrainingRadiation Safety Training

InstructorInstructorDennis WidnerDennis Widner

Health Physicist – TrainingHealth Physicist – Training

542-0526542-0526

Why do we have to take a Why do we have to take a course on Radiation Safety ?course on Radiation Safety ?

Since UGA possesses and uses RAMs, it is state law and a requirement of UGAs RAM license that training be provided and documented as part of a Radiation Protection Program and testing conducted to assure that you are trained! Annual requalification must be performed.

Why do we have Radiation Why do we have Radiation Safety at UGA?Safety at UGA?

To instruct you how to protect yourself and others from ionizing radiation.

Use of RAM in research at UGA has been documented since 1965 and in conjunction with this research, a radiation safety program

has co-existed for your protection.

What is Ionizing radiation and why is it dangerous?

What is Radiation Safety?What is Radiation Safety?

The science to limit health problems associated with the internal and external exposure to

radiation or radioactive material to the individual and potential offspring, through precautions and procedures to minimize this exposure, and in the

purposes and functions of protective devices employed.

Chp 12, “Radiation Producing Equipment”2003

Chp 1, “Radiation Safety Organization”

Chp 2, “Principles of Radiation Safety””

Chp 3, “Radiation Exposure Limits”

Chp 4, “Facilities and Equipment Considerations”

Chp 5, “Procurement and Transfer of Radioactive Materials”

Chp 6, “Radiological Surveys”

Chp 7, “Radiological Postings”

Chp 8, “Response to Radiological Incidents”

Chp 9, “Laboratory Procedures”

Chp 10, “Radioactive Waste Handling and Disposal”

Chp 11, “Radiological Improvement Program”

Chapter 1Radiation Safety Organization

NRC State of Georgia

DNR/EPD

ESDESD AuthorizedAuthorizedUserUser

Advanced Radiation Worker(s)

Radiation WorkersRadiation Workers

RadiationRadiationSafetySafety

CommitteeCommittee

AgreementAgreement Licenses- UGALicenses- UGA

Approved PermitApproved PermitRulesRules

&&RegsRegs

University of Georgia Radiation Safety Program OrganizationUniversity of Georgia Radiation Safety Program Organization

(Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

(Department of Natural Resources/Environmental Protection Division)

VP BUS & FINVP BUS & FINPRESIDENTPRESIDENT

Radiation Safety OfficerRadiation Safety Office

RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY OF THE RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE

(RSC) The Committee is appointed by the President of the University

The Committee will establish radiation safety policy

The policy will be designed to:

Protect faculty, staff, students, visitors and the public from hazardous radiological conditions

Keep the University in compliance with state and federal regulations and the conditions of the University’s license

Maintain all radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)

The Radiation Safety CommitteeThe Radiation Safety Committee

The University of Georgia Radiation Safety Committee is The University of Georgia Radiation Safety Committee is comprised of faculty, administrators and staff who have been comprised of faculty, administrators and staff who have been

delegated responsibility for radiological health, safety and delegated responsibility for radiological health, safety and compliance at the University. The RSC functions include;compliance at the University. The RSC functions include;

Review of radiation safety policy

Review of campus radiation safety

Advisement to the university administration about radiation safety issues and programs

Ensures that audits of the operations and activities of the UGA Radiation Safety Office

Approvals and permits for use of radioactive and ionizing materials at UGA

Radiation Safety Disciplinary Hearings

The Authorized User (AU)The Authorized User (AU)

            The RSC will authorize faculty members for the use of radioactive materials after submission of a written application if it is determined that safety requirements will be met. Faculty members

and other individuals so authorized shall be referred to as “Authorized Users”

 The applicant must have adequate training and experience to safely handle the types and quantities of radioactive materials requested.

The applicant must have adequate space, facilities, and equipment to safely use and possess the radioactive materials requested.

The applicant must agree to comply with guidelines stipulated in the UGA Radiation Safety Manual and with any other written directives authorized by the RSC.

Responsibilities of the Authorized UserResponsibilities of the Authorized User

To ensure that the policies in the UGA/RSM are observed by all personnel under their direction

To make available appropriate radiation safety procedures and policies to be observed in the permitted use location

To see that radiological surveys are made and records kept as required by the Radiation Safety Officer and the UGA/RSM

To keep an up-to-date inventory of radioactive materials under control of the Authorized User. 6 month verification

To properly prepare and store radioactive waste material for disposal as described in the UGA/RSM

To post proper radiation signs and labels as described in the UGA/RSM

To provide Radiation Safety with all required radiological records prior to:

terminating employment with the Universityterminating lease of space from the University

terminating radioisotope usage

To treat all authorized use locations as radioactive materialsareas and comply with the associated safety requirements

Responsibilities of the Authorized UserResponsibilities of the Authorized User

  To ensure that neither radioactive materials nor contaminated equipment is removed from the radioactive materials area, unless

proper procedures are followed as described in the UGA/RSM

    To ensure that no furniture or equipment is removed from an permitted use location to an unrestricted area until the materials

have been surveyed, found to be free of contamination, and all radioactive warning labels removed

AU Approval, Use and Change

Permit Application

RSO & RSC Approval

Operational Permit

Inventory

PermitMaintenance

Surveys

Records

Waste

Training

Changes to Permit

Amendments

Chronological Approved Amendments

•Possession limits•Change of Location•Inactive or termination status•ARW changes•Sewer Discharge permit

      Directions for notifying the proper authorities in the event of an emergency or accident 

To properly train and document on the RWC all new personnel before allowing them to work with, or be exposed to ionizing radiation from authorized sources. Training shall include: 

Reading of the UGA/RSM

General rules of radiation safety

Specific rules for the authorized uses and use locations

Directions for contacting the Radiation Safety Officer and Radiation Safety staff for assistance

Responsibilities of the Authorized UserResponsibilities of the Authorized User

Certification of at least one worker in the permitted use location as an Advanced Radiation Worker (ARW) by successful completion of required training as provided by Radiation Safety (6 months may be

allowed to complete this requirement)

Authorized UsersAuthorized Usersmust initially train their employeesmust initially train their employees

as Radiation Workers before allowing them to work as Radiation Workers before allowing them to work in a radiation laboratory.in a radiation laboratory.

Radiation Worker (RW)

Everyone who works under the permit of an Authorized User is a Radiation Worker

It is the responsibility of the AU to properly train and document new personnel before allowing them to work with, or be exposed to

ionizing radiation from authorized sources.

All Radiation Worker Training must be documented using form;

“UGA Radiation Worker Certification”Available on line at

“FORMS”http://www.esd.uga.edu/rad

Once completed a copy of this form must be returned to the RSO.The original is for your labs training records

Advanced Radiation Worker(ARW)

UGA Advanced Radiation Worker is an individual who through appropriate training and experience is qualified and authorized

to work independently with radiation sources and to supervise such use by others, e.g., laboratory radiation technician. Certification is by taking the training modules required by the Radiation Safety

Office.

After passing an exam for each required module will a person become certified. A minimum score of 70 is required on each exam.

If an exam is failed then a retest will be performed. If the retest is failed, then the module must be retaken.

A training certificate will be issued upon successful completion of the

UGA required Radiation Safety Training.

UGA Radiation Safety OfficeUGA Radiation Safety Office

The Radiation Safety Officer and staff are available to assist and advise Authorized Users of ionizing radiation on

the University campus, and to ensure that all ionizing radiation is used in accordance with the policies approved

by the Radiation Safety Committee.

The RSO shall ensure that proper surveys are carried out in all authorized locations where ionizing radiation is used, and that

appropriate records are kept

Radiation Safety maintains all records required by state and federal regulations and rules of good practice

Radiation Safety Officer

Mr. Jody Jacobs706-542-0107

Radiation Safety Office StaffRadiation Safety Office Staff

Call 542-5801Call 542-5801

Dennis WidnerDennis Widner• TrainingTraining• Personnel recordsPersonnel records• Thyroid BioassaysThyroid Bioassays• Sealed SourcesSealed Sources

Lauren PalmerLauren Palmer• InspectionsInspections• ComplianceCompliance• DosimetryDosimetry• X-RayX-Ray

John PyleJohn Pyle• Isotope receiptIsotope receipt• B-numbersB-numbers• Survey MetersSurvey Meters• Rad WasteRad Waste• AssistanceAssistance

• SurveysSurveys• DosimetryDosimetry• Isotope receiptIsotope receipt

706-542-0526

706-542-0077

706-542-7628

UGA RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS UGA RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS LICENSELICENSE

The University of Georgia Broad Scope LicenseThe University of Georgia Broad Scope License

The University of Georgia operates under the State of The University of Georgia operates under the State of Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Rules and Regulations for Radioactive Protection Division, Rules and Regulations for Radioactive Materials, Chapter 391-3-17.Materials, Chapter 391-3-17.

The State of Georgia is a Nuclear Regulatory Commission The State of Georgia is a Nuclear Regulatory Commission Agreement state. Agreement state.

The University of Georgia has been issued license GA 103-1.The University of Georgia has been issued license GA 103-1.

The University of Georgia Broad Scope LicenseThe University of Georgia Broad Scope License

This license is a large scale non-fuel cycle Type A broad This license is a large scale non-fuel cycle Type A broad scope license.scope license.

The University of Georgia has the privilege of using large The University of Georgia has the privilege of using large varieties of radioactive materials. Large amounts of varieties of radioactive materials. Large amounts of activity are authorized and may then be used in many activity are authorized and may then be used in many locations, with many procedures and users that change locations, with many procedures and users that change frequently. frequently.

The broad license confers authority upon the University to The broad license confers authority upon the University to approve, manage and control the receipt, use and disposal approve, manage and control the receipt, use and disposal or radioactive materials. In fact, the University acts to or radioactive materials. In fact, the University acts to “police” itself under the authority given in a broad license.“police” itself under the authority given in a broad license.

This license places significant This license places significant responsibility on each individual who uses responsibility on each individual who uses radioactive materials to conform with safe radioactive materials to conform with safe work practices, and to conduct and work practices, and to conduct and complete all required compliance duties, complete all required compliance duties, however large or small they may be.however large or small they may be.

REQUIRED RULES, REGULATIONS, REQUIRED RULES, REGULATIONS, AND REPORTSAND REPORTS

Rules & RegulationsRules & Regulations

Complete copies of the Federal,State, and UGA rules and regulationsconcerning radiation safety, as wellas complete copies of our licenses and registrations are available in theRadiation Safety Office.

Georgia Georgia Department of Natural Resources Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection DivisionEnvironmental Protection Division

• Key Parts of the Key Parts of the “Rules and “Rules and Regulations for Radioactive Regulations for Radioactive Materials, Chapter 391-3-17”Materials, Chapter 391-3-17”

• Part .01: General ProvisionsPart .01: General Provisions• Part .03: Standards for Part .03: Standards for

Protection Against RadiationProtection Against Radiation• Part .07: Notices, Instructions Part .07: Notices, Instructions

and Reports to Workers: and Reports to Workers: Inspections.Inspections.

RADIATION USE AND STORAGE RADIATION USE AND STORAGE LOCATIONS AT UGALOCATIONS AT UGA

UGA Radiation UGA Radiation Usage at Usage at

Locations in GeorgiaLocations in Georgia

Athens – UGA CampusAthens – UGA Campus

Griffin – UGA CollegeGriffin – UGA College of Agriculture and of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences

Sapelo Island – UGASapelo Island – UGA Marine InstituteMarine Institute

Tifton – UGA CollegeTifton – UGA College of Agriculture andof Agriculture and Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences

Locations of Use - Locations of Use - Main CampusMain Campus

UGA Main CampusUGA Main CampusBuildings with RadiationBuildings with Radiation

Forest ResourcesForest Resources

Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Treatment FacilityTreatment Facility

Life SciencesLife Sciences

Poultry SciencesPoultry Sciences

Marine SciencesMarine Sciences

Miller Plant SciencesMiller Plant Sciences

PharmacyPharmacy

Poultry Disease Research Poultry Disease Research CenterCenter

PsychologyPsychology

Riverbend North Research Riverbend North Research Laboratories Laboratories

Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Medicine

AGTEC

Animal Science ComplexAnimal Science ComplexBarrow HallBarrow HallBiological SciencesBiological SciencesBoyd GradBoyd GradCenter for Applied Isotopes Center for Applied Isotopes StudiesStudiesComplex Carbohydrate Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterResearch CenterChemistryChemistryDawson HallDawson HallDriftmier Engineering CenterDriftmier Engineering CenterEcologyEcologyEnvironmental Health Environmental Health SciencesSciencesEnvironmental Safety Environmental Safety DivisionDivisionCoverdell

Main Campus SourcesMain Campus SourcesDispersible Radioisotopes used for ResearchDispersible Radioisotopes used for Research

Liquids, solids and powdersLiquids, solids and powders

Dispersible Radioisotopes used for Biological and Environmental Research are the Most Common Formsof Radioactive Materials at the University of Georgia

Sum of Isotopes received in 2012

Other Main Campus SourcesOther Main Campus SourcesCesium-137Used for Meter Calibrations

Button Source

Cabinet X-Ray Machine

Rod Source

LSC Stds(mixed)

LSCInstruments

StaticEliminators

GCECDs

IrradiatorsGC ECDs

Veterinary Teaching Hospital Veterinary Teaching Hospital SourcesSources

Small Animal X-RayNuclear Medicine Radiology Fluoroscopy

C-ArmLarge Animal X-Ray

Veterinary Teaching HospitalVeterinary Teaching Hospital

UGA Rad Waste FacilitiesUGA Rad Waste Facilities

Dry Active Waste Dry Active Waste Storage and Decay BuildingStorage and Decay Building

Liquid Rad WasteLiquid Rad WasteStorage and Decay BuildingStorage and Decay Building

Rad LabRad Lab

Landfill (closed)Landfill (closed)

Riverbend NorthLab 120542-7628

Rule .03(6)

Leak testing of sealed sources

in your lab

Sealed SourcesSealed Sources

Every 6 Months!!!

Radioactive WasteRadioactive Waste

• .03(12) deal with proper methods to dispose of waste• Solid waste• Sewer discharge• Liquid Waste• Sealed Sources

• UGA has detailed and specific instructions for users generating radioactive waste

• Waste Minimization !!!!

Radioactive Materials SecurityRadioactive Materials Security

• .03(10) lists SECURITY requirements

• Recent incidents in this country and other states have prompted the NRC to increase security requirements

• All sources of radiation must be secured against All sources of radiation must be secured against theft or use by unauthorized individuals -theft or use by unauthorized individuals - CHECK SECURITY IN YOUR LAB !!CHECK SECURITY IN YOUR LAB !!

Chapter 2Principles of Radiation Safety

Average Background DoseAverage Background Dosein U.S. is ~360 mrem.in U.S. is ~360 mrem.

In Georgia it is ~ 377.2 mremIn Georgia it is ~ 377.2 mrem

Cosmic & External Cosmic & External Terrestrial Terrestrial 72 mrem/yr72 mrem/yr

Internal Internal TerrestrialTerrestrial40 mrem/yr40 mrem/yr

Radon in homeRadon in home200 mrem/yr200 mrem/yr

Fallout, Products, Air Travel, Nuclear operations; 12.2 mrem/yrFallout, Products, Air Travel, Nuclear operations; 12.2 mrem/yr

Nuclear MedicineNuclear Medicine14 mrem/yr14 mrem/yr

Diagnostic X-rayDiagnostic X-ray39 mrem/yr39 mrem/yr

Health Effects of RadiationHealth Effects of Radiation

Acute Exposure Effects Radiation in large doses in a short time causes observable damage

….observable at >25 Rem

Chronic Exposure Effects The effects from radiation exposure decrease as the dose rate is lowered.

Spreading the dose over a longer period reduces the effects. Much of the controversy over radiation exposure centers on the question of

how much damage is done by radiation delivered at low doses or low dose rates.

Ionizing Radiation can directly and indirectly damage DNA

RadiationRadiation

DNADNADoubleDoubleHelixHelix

Dose Response ModelDose Response Model

0 50 100

Dose (rem)

Hea

lth

Eff

ect (

canc

er)

Atomic Bomb SurvivorsAtomic Bomb Survivors

Uranium MinersUranium Miners

Radium DialRadium DialPaintersPainters

12 3

4

MedicalMedicalPatientsPatients

KnownKnownEffectsEffects

Theo. Theo. DebatedDebatedEffectsEffects

1. Linear No Threshold Dose Curve2. Decreased Health Effects Theory3. Threshold Dose Theory4. Increased Health Effects Theory

The NRC and The State of GeorgiaFollow the Linear No Threshold Theory

Radiation Dose in PerspectiveRadiation Dose in Perspective• Health effects are seen only when dose exceeds

25 rem and at a high dose rate

• Occupational radiation doses are monitored and limited by law to 5 rem

• Based on the LNT model, a worker exposed to 1,000 millirem (one rem) per year for 30 years would lose about 30 days of life expectancy due to increased risk of cancer.

• For 95% of the Radiation Users at UGA, doses are too low to measure

A L A R AA L A R A

AA

LL

AA

RR

AA

As

Low

As

Reasonably

Achievable

PhilosophyPhilosophyRadiation doses are kept as low as possible

Stems from Linear-No-Threshold dose model

ALARA program required by Federal and State regulations

LNT Model

0 50

Keys to ALARAKeys to ALARA

TIME

DISTANCE

SHIELDING

Reduction of Exposure Reduction of Exposure TimeTime

Power and automated equipmentPower and automated equipmentLab design Lab design

allows easy access to the equipment and allows easy access to the equipment and componentscomponents

Practice your procedures 5 times with colored Practice your procedures 5 times with colored water.water.

This will allow you to work faster, will save your This will allow you to work faster, will save your lablab

money, and reduce the chance of having an money, and reduce the chance of having an accidentaccident.

TrainingTrainingshould include a full rehearsal of the procedures should include a full rehearsal of the procedures

outside of the radiation area to improve efficiency outside of the radiation area to improve efficiency and confidenceand confidence

Distance from the SourceDistance from the SourceBasic principle: Basic principle: Point Source without ShieldingPoint Source without Shielding

Inverse square law applies:Inverse square law applies:

DD22 = D = D1 1 (d(d1122/d/d22

22))

DD11 and D and D22 = dose rates at distances d = dose rates at distances d11 and d and d22

DD11, d, d11, 10 rem, 10 rem DD22, d, d22, 2.5 rem, 2.5 rem

Okay if the distance between the source and Okay if the distance between the source and point of interest is at least five (5) times the point of interest is at least five (5) times the greatest dimension of the sourcegreatest dimension of the source.

Control of DistanceControl of Distance

moving away from sourcesmoving away from sourcesremain near a source only when it is necessaryremain near a source only when it is necessary

Leave the radiation work area if you are not Leave the radiation work area if you are not needed for the procedureneeded for the procedure

remote operationremote operationmanipulating devices, remote handling toolsmanipulating devices, remote handling tools

Chapter 3Radiation Exposure Limits

Occupational Dose Limits for Occupational Dose Limits for Radiation WorkersRadiation Workers

Source of RadiationSource of Radiation

Whole Body Dose is not to exceedWhole Body Dose is not to exceed 5 rem/ yr5 rem/ yrInternal dose is added to WBDInternal dose is added to WBD

Occupational Exposure Limit Occupational Exposure Limit to the Extremitiesto the Extremities

The Dose Limit to theThe Dose Limit to theExtremities may not Extremities may not

exceedexceed 50 rem / yr50 rem / yr

Occupational Dose to the Occupational Dose to the Lens of the EyeLens of the Eye

Dose must not exceedDose must not exceed 15 rem/ yr15 rem/ yr

Occupational Dose Limit for Declared Occupational Dose Limit for Declared Pregnant Mothers and Occupational Pregnant Mothers and Occupational

MinorsMinors

DoseDose must not exceed must not exceed 0.5 rem0.5 rem or or 500 mrem500 mrem during the gestation period for declared pregnant during the gestation period for declared pregnant mothers. Occupational minors must not exceed mothers. Occupational minors must not exceed

this dose in a year long periodthis dose in a year long period

Radiation Effects for EmbryoRadiation Effects for EmbryoDeclaration of Pregnancy for Occupational MothersDeclaration of Pregnancy for Occupational Mothers

• Rapidly dividing Rapidly dividing and non-and non-specialized cells specialized cells are more are more sensitive to sensitive to radiationradiation

• Birth defects have Birth defects have been observedbeen observed

• Dose limit to Dose limit to embryo / fetus is embryo / fetus is 500 mrem500 mrem for the for the gestation periodgestation period

Annual Dose Limit to a General Annual Dose Limit to a General Member of the PopulationMember of the Population

Must not exceed Must not exceed 0.1 rem0.1 rem or or 100 mrem100 mrem

X-ray roomX-ray room

Chapter 4Facilities and Equipment

Requirements

FUME HOODSPrevent the inhalation of dispersible Radioactive materials -- dusts, mists,vapors, gasses, etc.

INTERLOCKSPhysical, mechanical, or electrical safetyFeatures built into machines to prevent the Operator from exposing themselves and othersTo radiation from the machine itself

Examples:X-ray machines Irradiators

Plan experimental procedures to take into account Plan experimental procedures to take into account time, distance, shielding and work on the ALARA time, distance, shielding and work on the ALARA

principle.principle.Fume HoodsFume Hoods

Seal EdgesSeal Edges

Plug SinkPlug Sink

• Shielding• Place material between the radiation and the user

• Examples• Lead• Plastic• Steel• Concrete

Lead BricksLead Bricks

ConcreteConcreteWallWall

PlasticPlastic

““Secondary Containment”Secondary Containment”

Must be able to contain all the liquidMust be able to contain all the liquidContainers with lids must be closed when not in Containers with lids must be closed when not in

useuse

Benchkote

Survey and change out Benchkote frequently

LABORATORY RAM

STORAGE

Recommended Survey Recommended Survey InstrumentInstrument

Ludlum model 3 instrument (Part No. 48-1605) with a 202-608 meter dial and extra cable

Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective EquipmentRequired for using RadioisotopesRequired for using Radioisotopes

• PPE is worn on the body

• Primary purpose is to provide a barrier to radioactive materials or radiation

Eye ProtectionEye Protection

Latex GlovesLatex Gloves

Lab CoatLab Coat

Full Length Dresses orPants ONLY

Complete Complete CoverageCoverageFeet and LegsFeet and Legs

- No Shorts- No Half Shorts- No Open-Toed Shoes- No Mini-Skirts

Protective Devices - SummaryProtective Devices - Summary

• Authorized User must provide• Find out what PPE and other devices are

available in your lab• Learn how to properly use all protective

devices from your AU or another Advanced Radiation Worker

Chapter 7Radiological Postings

Radiation Postings / LabelsRadiation Postings / Labels

• Rule .03 (11) specifies requirements for:• posting or labeling

• Rooms• Containers• Machines exemptions to above

StandardStandardRadiationRadiationSymbolSymbol

Laboratory Postings RequiredLaboratory Postings Required“Notice to Workers” and Emergency Contact Information should be posted at the

entrance to your lab

Georgia DNR Notice to WorkersGeorgia DNR Notice to Workers

Lab Emergency Phone NumbersLab Emergency Phone Numbers

Caution Sign and HazardsCaution Sign and Hazards

Radioactive Materials Radioactive Materials PostingPosting

RSO Emergency Phone NumbersRSO Emergency Phone Numbers

Door SignDoor Sign

Waste Containers Waste Containers (every 180 (every 180 oo))

Radioactive MaterialsRadioactive Materials Use HoodsUse Hoods

RAM Use and StorageRAM Use and Storage AreasAreas Any location that Any location that contains RAMcontains RAM

Standards, Solutions and Standards, Solutions and SourcesSources

Required posting when an area exceeds 5 mrem/hr.

or exceeds 100 mrem in 5 consecutive days

containers are included, but surveyed at 6 inches for dose rate

Reach your yearly whole body limit of 5 rem in ~1000 hours (42 days)

Required posting when an area exceeds 100 mrem/hr.

Area should be locked, have an interlock, or be guarded at all times.

Any High Rad Area existing for 30 days or more shall have a visible or audible warning.

Personnel accountability required at lock up

RSO requires ALARA pre-briefing and approved work plan before any work is allowed.

Reach your yearly whole body limit of 5 rem in ~50 hours (2.1 days)

Posted when decontamination of a large area is in progress.

Usually posted on a barricade

Authorized by RSO entry only

PPE is required for entry

Instructions accompany this posting.

Posted when airborne contamination fills a large contained area

Usually posted on a barricade

Authorized by RSO entry only

Respiration equipment and PPE is required for entry

Instructions accompany this posting.

Conspicuously posted in an area where an open x-ray beam is present

Usually applies to non- medical open beam x-ray equipment.

Emergency WarningsEmergency Warnings(Barricades)(Barricades)

• Temporary postings may be placed to warn of emergency procedures in progress

DO NOT CROSS MARKED DO NOT CROSS MARKED BARRIERS or ENTER BARRIERS or ENTER

POSTED AREASPOSTED AREAS

Follow Emergency Responder InstructionsFollow Emergency Responder Instructions

Read the Posting !!Read the Posting !!

• Radiation signs contain important information

• If you don’t know about the radiation or radioactive materials ASK !!ASK !!

• Be forewarned

Containers labeled with rad tape

RAD TAPERAD TAPE

Rad use area delineated with rad tape

Sinks used for sewer discharge shall be delineated using rad tape

It’s on the streets ...It’s on the streets ...

Transportation PlacardsAnd Labels

REPORTING RESPONSIBILITIES

Report What?Report What?• ANY EVENTANY EVENT, incident or

condition, real orreal or perceivedperceived, that may cause an excessive radiation dose to:

• YOURSELF• OTHER WORKERS• THE PUBLIC or the THE PUBLIC or the

EnvironmentEnvironment

Report to Whom?Report to Whom?

For For ANY immediate emergency!ANY immediate emergency!

IMMEDIATELYIMMEDIATELYCALLCALL

54(2-2200)54(2-2200)

for Radiation Concerns...for Radiation Concerns...

• Take all radiation safety concerns, no matter how inconsequential, to your Authorized User

• The matter should be discussed• Often radiation concerns may be understood with

additional instruction, training, or education

• If your AU does not satisfy your concerns, contact the Radiation Safety Officer

Rights / ResponsibilitiesRights / Responsibilities

• Not only do you have the RIGHT to report unsafe conditions,• protected under the Notice to Workers

• You have the RESPONSIBILITY to report these same conditions

• You have the rightright and the responsibilityresponsibility to have all radiation safety concerns addressed to your satisfaction even if you have to take them to the State or Federal authorities

CertificationCertification

• Make sure you have signed the Training Roster

• Read and Understand the Read and Understand the Radiation Safety Radiation Safety ProceduresProcedures

• Return the Mod 0 Cert, and the RWC to the RSO through Campus Mail.

• Forms required for Module 0 credit

Questions ???

Please Feel Free to Contact:

The Radiation Safety Office

Environmental Safety DivisionUniversity of Georgia240A Riverbend RoadAthens, Georgia 30602-8002

Radiation Safety Office

If you have any questions while reading the Radiation Safety Manual

542-5801