Modul 2 - Paket Ruting dan Forwading.ppt

8/19/2019 Modul 2 - Paket Ruting dan Forwading.ppt

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PAKET ROUTING DAN

FORWADINGEditor:Sigit WasistaPENS-ITS2008-2011


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APA ITU ROUTER?

A router is a computer, just like any other computerincluding a PC. The very first router, used for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network(ARPANET), was the Interface Message Processor(IMP). The IMP was a Honeywell 316 minicomputer;this computer brought the ARPANET to life on August30, 1969.


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ROUTER ADALAH KOMPUTER


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ARSITEKTUR RUTER

Flash

SIMM

Power

Supply

CPU

RAM

DIMM


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KETERANGAN RAM

RAM stores the instructions and data needed to be executed bythe CPU. RAM is used to store these components:

Operating System: The Cisco IOS (Internetwork OperatingSystem) is copied into RAM during bootup.

Running Configuration File: This is the configuration file that

stores the configuration commands that the router IOS iscurrently using. With few exceptions, all commands configured onthe router are stored in the running configuration file, known asrunning-config.

IP Routing Table: This file stores information about directlyconnected and remote networks. It is used to determine the best

path to forward the packet. ARP Cache: This cache contains the IPv4 address to MACaddress mappings, similar to the ARP cache on a PC. The ARPcache is used on routers that have LAN interfaces such asEthernet interfaces.

Packet Buffer: Packets are temporarily stored in a buffer when

received on an interface or before they exit an interface.


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BLOK DIAGRAM ROUTER


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RUTER PADA PUSAT JARINGAN

A router connects multiple networks. This means that it hasmultiple interfaces that each belong to a different IP network.When a router receives an IP packet on one interface, it determineswhich interface to use to forward the packet onto its destination.The interface that the router uses to forward the packet may be thenetwork of the final destination of the packet (the network with thedestination IP address of this packet), or it may be a networkconnected to another router that is used to reach the destination

network.


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ROUTER MENENTUKAN

JALUR TERBAIK

The router uses its routing table todetermine the best path to forward thepacket. When the router receives a packet,it examines its destination IP address and

searches for the best match with anetwork address in the router's routingtable. The routing table also includes theinterface to be used to forward the packet.

Once a match is found, the routerencapsulates the IP packet into the datalink frame of the outgoing or exitinterface, and the packet is thenforwarded toward its destination.


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ROUTER MENENTUKAN

JALUR TERBAIK


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INTERNETWORK OPERATING

SYSTEM (IOS)

The operating system software used in Cisco routers isknown as Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS).Like any operating system on any computer, Cisco IOSmanages the hardware and software resources of therouter, including memory allocation, processes, security,

and file systems. Cisco IOS is a multitasking operatingsystem that is integrated with routing, switching,internetworking, and telecommunications functions.


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ROLE OF THE ROUTER

The router is a special-purpose computer that plays akey role in the operation of any data network. Routersare primarily responsible for interconnecting networksby:Determining the best path to send packetsForwarding packets toward their destination


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PENGENALAN TOPOLOGI

The topology consists of three routers, labeled R1, R2, andR3. Routers R1 and R2 are connected through one WANlink, and routers R2 and R3 are connected through anotherWAN link. Each router is connected to a different EthernetLAN, represented by a switch and a PC.


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TABEL ALAMAT


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HUBUNGAN DAN

KONEKTOR


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KONEKTOR SERIAL

For WAN connections, Cisco routers support the EIA/TIA-232,EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, and EIA/TIA-530 standards for serialconnections, as shown. Memorizing these connection types is notimportant. Just know that a router has a DB-60 port that cansupport five different cabling standards. Because five differentcable types are supported with this port, the port is sometimescalled a five-in-one serial port. The other end of the serial cable is

fitted with a connector that is appropriate to one of the five possiblestandards.


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KABEL SERIAL DTE

Newer routers support thesmart serial interface thatallows for more data to beforwarded across fewercable pins. The serial end

of the smart serial cable isa 26-pin connector. It ismuch smaller than theDB-60 connector used toconnect to a five-in-oneserial port. These

transition cables supportthe same five serialstandards and areavailable in either DTE orDCE configurations.


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KONEKSI ETHERNET A different connector is usedin an Ethernet-based LANenvironment. An RJ-45connector for the unshieldedtwisted-pair (UTP) cable isthe most common connectorused to connect LANinterfaces. At each end of an

RJ-45 cable, you should beable to see eight coloredstrips, or pins. An Ethernetcable uses pins 1, 2, 3, and 6for transmitting and receivingdata.

Crossover cables are used for: Switch-to-switch PC-to-PC Switch-to-hub Hub-to-hub Router-to-router

Router-to-server

Straight-through cables are

used for: Switch-to-router Switch-to-PC Hub-to-PC Hub-to-server


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PRAKTIKUM 1

PENGENALAN ROUTERMenggunakan Packet Tracer 5

atau setaranya


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KONFIGURASI DASAR ROUTER When configuring a router,certain basic tasks are

performed including: Naming the router Setting passwords Configuring interfaces Configuring a banner Saving changes on arouter

Verifying basicconfiguration and routeroperations

Router>

Theenable command isused to enter the privilegedEXEC mode. This modeallows the user to makeconfiguration changes on therouter. The router prompt willchange from a ">" to a "#" inthis mode.

Router>enable Router#


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KONFIGURASI BANNER

From the global configuration mode, configurethe message-of-the-day (motd) banner. Adelimiting character, such as a "#" is used at thebeginning and at the end of the message. Thedelimiter allows you to configure a multilinebanner, as shown here.

R1(config)#banner motd #Enter TEXT message. End with the character '#'.

******************************************WARNING!! Unauthorized Access Prohibited!!******************************************#


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KONFIGURASI INTERFACE

ROUTER Konfigurasi alamat IP dan subnet mask: R1(config)#interface Serial0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.16.2.1 2!!.2!!.2!!.0

In lab environments, enter a simple description that will help introubleshooting situations; for example:

R1(config-if)#description "in to R2

After configuring the IP address and description, the interfacemust be activated with the no shutdown command.

R1(config-if)#no s$utdo%n

When cabling a point-to-point serial link in our lab environment,one end of the cable is marked DTE and the other end is markedDCE. The router that has the DCE end of the cable connected toits serial interface will need the additional clock rate commandconfigured on that serial interface.

R1(config-if)#cloc rate 6&000


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KONFIGURASI LENGKAP

R1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#description R1 LAN

R1(config-if)#no shutdown


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VERIFIKASI KONFIGURASI DASAR


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PRAKTIKUM 2

VERIFIKASI ROUTERMenggunakan Packet Tracer 5

Atau setaranya


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MELIHAT KONFIGURASI

INTERFACE

Perhatikan Router R1 Ada dua mode konfigurasi yaitu Global dan Privilege,mode global untuk semua user yang sekedar melihat-lihat, sedangkan mode privledge untuk yang berhak.

R1>enable (untuk masuk pada mode privelege)R1#


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TABEL ALAMAT


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KONFIGURASI INTERFACE

ETHERNET

R1#conf term R1(config)#interface fa 0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#̂Z


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KONFIGURASI INTERFACE SERIAL

R1#conf termR1(config)#interface serial0/0/0R1(config-if)#ip address 192.16.2.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-if)#̂Z


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DINAMIK ROUTING: ROUTING

INFORMATION PROTOCOL (RIP)

RIP adalah sebuah protokol routing dinamis yang digunakandalam jaringan LAN (Local Area Network) dan WAN (Wide

Area Network). Oleh karena itu protokol ini diklasifikasikansebagai Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). Protokol inimenggunakan algoritma Distance-Vector Routing.

Pertama kali didefinisikan dalam RFC 1058 (1988). Protokolini telah dikembangkan beberapa kali, sehingga terciptalahRIP Versi 2 (RFC 2453).

Kedua versi ini masih digunakan sampai sekarang, meskipunbegitu secara teknis mereka telah dianggap usang oleh teknik-teknik yang lebih maju, seperti Open Shortest Path

First (OSPF) dan protokol OSI IS-IS. RIP juga telahdiadaptasi untuk digunakan dalam jaringan IPv6, yangdikenal sebagai standar RIPng (RIP Next Generation / RIPgenerasi berikutnya), yang diterbitkan dalamRFC2080 (1997).


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KONFIGURASI ROUTING PROTOKOL

R1 SECARA DINAMIK (RIP)

R1#conf term

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config)#network 192.16.2.0

R1(config)#network 192.16.3.0R1(config)#̂Z

R1#


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KONFIGURASI ROUTING PROTOKOL

R2 SECARA DINAMIK (RIP)

R2#conf term

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config)#network 192.16.2.0

R2(config)#network 192.16.1.0R2(config)#̂Z

R2#


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KONFIGURASI ROUTER

MENGGUNAKNA STATIK ROUTING

R1#conf term

R1(config)#ip route 192.16.1.0 255.255.255.0

192.16.2.2

R1(config)#ip route 192.16.3.0 255.255.255.0

192.16.2.1

R1(config)#̂Z

R1#

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Modul 2 - Paket Ruting dan Forwading.ppt