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LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR
MODIFIKASI DONGKRAK ULIR MENJADI
OTOMATIS DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ALAT
ELEKTRONIK
Riki Candra Kurniawan
NIM. 201454081
DOSEN PEMBIMBING
Rochmad winarso S.T., M.T
Qomaruddin, S.T., M.T.
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS
2019
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iii
iv
v
MODIFIKASI DONGKRAK ULIR MENJADI OTOMATIS DENGAN
PENAMBAHAN ALAT ELEKTRONIK
Nama Mahasiswa : Riki Candra Kurniawan
NIM : 2014-54-081
Pembimbing : 1. Rochmad winarso S.T., M.T
2. Qomaruddin S.T.,M.T.
RINGKASAN
Dongkrak merupakan salah satu alat yang sangat dibutuhkan bagi
setiap pemilik kendaraan, khususnya dibengkel - bengkel mobil. Meskipun
bentuk dan konstruksi dari alat ini sangat sederhana namun fungsinya sangat
penting. Karena dengan dongkrak, mengganti ban mobil atau memperbaiki mesin
bagian bawah mobil dapat dikerjakan lebih mudah. Pada prinsipnya memang
pesawat angkat atau alat pengangkat jenis dongkrak ini harus menggunakan
tenaga manusia untuk menggerakkan ulirnya guna mengangkat beban dari
kendaraan atau mobil yang akan diservis, namun memang peranan dari
dongkrak sangat dibutuhkan. Dongkrak ulir ini juga banyak digunakan
dibengkel-bengkel mobil yang fungsinya juga untuk mengangkat beban dari
kendaraan.
Beban chassis dan body adalah beban yang harus ditanggung
sepenuhnya oleh dongkrak tersebut. Kerja daripada dongkrak ulir sangat berat
karena harus menahan beban dari mobil dengan waktu yang tidak dibatasi, kerja
dari dongkrak ini akan selesai tergantung dari cepatnya proses service atau
perbaikan yang dikerjakan.
Kata kunci : Perancangan, lebih cepat waktu
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MODIFICATION OF ULTRASOUND BREAK TO AUTOMATIC WITH
ADDITION OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Student Name : Riki candra kurniawan
Student Identity Number : 2014-54-081
Supervisor : 1. Rochmad winarso S.T.,M.Eng.
2. Qomaruddin S.T.,M.T.
ABSTRACT
Jack is one of the most needed tools for every vehicle owner, especially in
a car workshop. Although the shape and construction of this tool is very simple
but its function is very important. Because with jacks, changing car tires or
repairing the engine underneath the car can be done more easily. In principle,
this lift plane or jack type lifting device must use human power to move the screw
to lift the load from the vehicle or car to be serviced, but indeed the role of the
jack is needed. Screw jack is also widely used in car workshops whose function is
also to lift weights from the vehicle.
Chassis and body load is the load that must be borne entirely by the jack.
The work of the screw jack is very heavy because it has to hold the burden of the
car with an unlimited time, the work of this jack will be completed depending on
the speed of the service process or repairs that are done.
Keywords: Design, faster time
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DAFTAR ISI
LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR ................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ................................................................................ iii
RINGKASAN ......................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. vi
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR SIMBOL ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 15
1.1. Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 15
1.2. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 16
1.3. Batasan Masalah ..................................................................................... 16
1.4. Tujuan ..................................................................................................... 16
1.5. Manfaat ................................................................................................... 16
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 18
2.1 Pengertian Dongkrak .............................................................................. 18
2.1.1. Dongkrak Mekanik.......................................................................... 18
2.2 Transmisi gearbox ....................................................................................... 20
2.2.1. Pengertian gearbox.............................................................................. 20
2.2.2. Fungsi gearbox .................................................................................... 20
2.3 Battery aki .............................................................................................. 21
ix
2.4 Charger laptop ........................................................................................ 21
2.5 Motor DC ............................................................................................... 21
2.5.1 Stator ............................................................................................... 22
2.5.2 Rotor dan Jangkar Motor DC .......................................................... 23
2.5.3 Komutator ....................................................................................... 24
2.5.4 Prinsip Kerja Motor DC .................................................................. 24
2.6 Dongkrak Mekanik Elektrik ................................................................... 25
BAB III METODOLOGI ...................................................................................... 27
3.1. Diagram Alur Proses Perancangan ......................................................... 27
3.2 Literatur review ...................................................................................... 28
3.3 Gambar sketsa ......................................................................................... 28
3.4 Perancangan ............................................................................................ 29
3.4.1 Menentukan Berat Kendaraan ......................................................... 29
3.4.2 Menghitung Nilai Torsi Yang Di Butuhkan ................................... 29
3.4.3 Menentukan jumlah gigi dalam gearbox, ....................................... 30
3.4.4 Pemilihan motor penggerak ............................................................ 32
3.4.5 Pemilihan batrai dan sistem pengisian ............................................ 32
3.4.6 Merancang sistem pengontrol ......................................................... 33
3.5 Gambar kerja ........................................................................................... 34
3.5.1 Keterangan gambar : ....................................................................... 35
3.6 Pengujian .................................................................................................. 36
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .............................................................. 38
4.1. Proses pembuatan dan perakitan ............................................................ 38
4.2. Hasil Pengujian ....................................................................................... 39
4.2.1 Pengujian pada mobil colt 120 ss .................................................... 40
4.2.2 Pengujian pada mobil grandmax ..................................................... 41
4.2.3 Pengujian pada mobil avansa .......................................................... 42
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BAB V PENUTUP ................................................................................................ 45
5.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 45
5.2. Saran ....................................................................................................... 45
Daftar pustaka ....................................................................................................... 46
LAMPIRAN 1 ....................................................................................................... 47
Bentuk Hasil Dari Alat ...................................................................................... 47
LAMPIRAN 2 ....................................................................................................... 48
BIODATA PENULIS ........................................................................................... 49
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Komponen-komponen dongkrak ulir mekanik ............................ 18
Gambar 2.2 Batrai aki ..................................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.3 Power adaptoer laptop ................................................................. 20
Gambar 2.4 Bagian Stator Motor .................................................................... 22
Gambar 2.5 Konstruksi Rotor dan Jangkar Motor .......................................... 22
Gambar 2.6. Konstruksi Komutator ................................................................. 23
Gambar 2.7 Motor Listrik DC ......................................................................... 24
Gambar 2.8 Dongkrak Elektrik ....................................................................... 25
Gambar 3.1 FlowchartPelaksanaanKegiatan .................................................. 26
Gambar 3.2 Sketsa dongkrakotomatisterbaru ................................................. 27
Gambar 3.3 Gearbox ....................................................................................... 30
Gambar 3.4 Motor arussearah (DC)..................................................................31
Gambar 3.5 Batraiaki ...................................................................................... 31
Gambar 3.6. Sistem control .............................................................................. 33
Gambar 3.7 Rangkaian komponen dongkrak................................................. 34
Gambar 4.1 Hasil modifikasi........................................................................... 37
Gambar 4.2 Pendongkrakan pada mobil colt 120 ss ....................................... 40
Gambar 4.3 Pendongkrakan pada mobil grandmax ........................................ 41
Gambar 4.4 Pendongkrakan pada mobil avanza............................................. 42
Gambar 4.5 Pendongkrakan tong air ............................................................... 43
Gambar 4.6. Dongkrak berhenti ....................................................................... 43
Gambar 4.7 Menghitung beban dongkrak...................................................... 34
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Berat kendaraan ............................................................................. 29
Tabel 3.2 Rodagigi dalam gearbox ................................................................ 31
Tabel 4.1 Waktu pendongkrakan tanpa beban ............................................... 38
Tabel 4.2 Waktu pendongkrakan mobil colt 120 ss ....................................... 40
Tabel 4.3 Waktu pendongkrakan mobil grandmax ........................................ 41
Tabel 4.4 Waktu pendongkrakan mobil avanza..... ........................................ 42
xiii
DAFTAR SIMBOL
Simbol Keterangan Satuan
V Tegangan Volt
E Gaya gerak listrik Volt
R Tahanan dalam jangka motor Ohm
I
N
K
ɸ
TD
F
dm
l
FT
L
Z1
Z2
Arus jangkar
Putaran motor
Konstan
Fluk magnet yang terbentuk pada motor
Torsi yang di butuhkan
Gaya tekan beban
Diameter rata-rata
Jarak maju pada poros
Koefisien gesek
Gaya tekan roda
Diameter gigi
Jumlah gigi pada roda gigi penggerak
Jumlah gigi pada roda gigi yang di
gerakkan
Rpm
N.m
N
m
m
N
m
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Bentuk Hasil Dari Alat............................................................... 47
Lampiran 2 Gambar teknik ............................................................................. 48
Lampiran 3 Turnitin....................................................................................... 49
Lampiran 4 Biodata ......................................................................................... 50