Historical Background The Enlightenment Introduction The Age of
Enlightenment Philosophy & Science Four Pillars of the
Enlightenment Nature Reason Education & Experience
Progress
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Newton Background Background Newton Hero Science The end of
Aristotelian science Empirical Rejection of speculative theory
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Newton Impact Newtonian Model for Philosophy Philosophers
Influenced by Newton Julien La Metrie Influence on Epistemology
& Philosophy of Mind Newtonian Science & Religion Reaction
Newton & Religion God in the Gaps
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The Rise of Disbelief Theism Reduced Theism Deism The Skeptics
Naturalistic Atheism
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The French The Philosophes Philosophes Social Criticism
Influences Encyclopedie
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John Locke Background Background Early years & education
Public life Revolution Works The End Lockes Project Age of
enlightenment Motivation & task Methodology Ideas Historically
plain method
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John Locke Empirical Epistemology Critique of Innate Ideas
Goals Innate Ideas Universal Agreement Universal Knowledge Moral
Principles
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John Locke Empirical Epistemology Theory of Simple Ideas Origin
of Knowledge Newtonian Influence Simple Ideas Type of simple ideas:
Ideas of Sensation Type of simple ideas: Ideas of Reflection Only
two sources of ideas.
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John Locke Empirical Epistemology Theory of Complex Ideas
Origin of Complex Ideas Classification of Complex Ideas Compounding
Abstracting & Abstract Ideas Primary & Secondary Qualities
Qualities Primary Qualities Secondary Qualities Powers Lockes
general reasoning for the distinction
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John Locke Empirical Epistemology Representative Realism &
Judgment Representative Realism Judgment The Mohneaux Problem
Degrees of Knowledge Knowledge Intuitive knowledge Demonstrative
knowledge Sensitive Knowledge Certainty
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John Locke Empirical Epistemology Refutation of Skepticism The
Skeptic Lockes Humorous Reply First confirmation: production of
ideas Second confirmation: unavoidable Third confirmation: pain
& measurement Fourth confirmation: Sense support each other
Adequate Practical approach
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John Locke Metaphysics: Personal Identity Substance Idea of
substance Lockes elephant story Ideas of material substance &
spiritual substance The Identity of Living Things Living creatures
Man Identity of Man What is Man?
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John Locke Metaphysics: Personal Identity Consciousness &
Personal Identity Person Consciousness Consciousness makes Personal
Identity Forgetting Clothing analogy & hand argument Personal
Identity & Immaterial Substance Is it the same person through
change of substance? Two distinct persons & one immaterial
substance? Example: Nestor
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John Locke Metaphysics: Personal Identity Memory & Personal
Identity Resurrection The Prince & the Cobbler Language Self
Depends on Consciousness Consciousness The Little Finger
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John Locke Metaphysics: Personal Identity Reward &
Punishment PI and Justice The Little Finger Personal Identity
Objection & Reply A Problem about Punishment Drunk, Asleep
& Judgment Day Odd Cases Two & One
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John Locke Moral Theory Morality Moral Ideas Pleasure &
Pain Law Three Kinds of Law Lockes rationalist account of ethics
Moral demonstration Lockes empirical account of ethics Lockes mixed
bag
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John Locke Philosophy of Religion Empirical Ideas of God
Introduction Source of the idea of God Rejection of the perfection
argument Proving Gods existence Proving Deism Lockes view
Impact
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John Locke Political Philosophy Background The State of Nature
The state Lockes assumptions Differences from Hobbes state of
nature The qualities of the state of nature
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John Locke Political Philosophy Natural Laws & Rights
Natural law theory Common property The basis of property &
Lockes proviso Limits of property Right of punishment &
reparation Right of self defense Slavery
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John Locke Political Philosophy Social Contract Motivation1:
the state of nature lacks established, settled, known law
Motivation 2: the state of nature lacks a known and indifferent
judge Motivation 3: in the state of nature there is a lack of power
to enforce sentences The contract & consent Majority rule
Express & tacit consent
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John Locke Political Philosophy Limits of government Powers
given up in society Limits of power Extent of the legislative power
Natural law remains Branches of government Tyranny & Resistance
Tyranny Resistance
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John Locke Problems & Impact Innate Ideas Straw man?
Intellect Representative realism Problem of the external world
Lockes proposed solution Problem Tyranny of the majority Majority
rule
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John Locke Problems & Impact Impact & Significance
Politics Philosophy
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George Berkeley Background There was a young man who said, "God
Must think it exceedingly odd If he finds that this tree Continues
to be, When there's no one about in the quad." Dear Sir, your
astonishment's odd I'm always about in the quad, And that's why the
tree Continues to be, Since observed by, Yours faithfully, God
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George Berkeley Background Background Life Impact on American
Education
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George Berkeley Opposing Skepticism & Atheism Berkeleys
Project Treatise Three Dialogues Newtonian Science Matter Idealism
Against skepticism The philosopher of common sense
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George Berkeley Empirical Reformation Locke to the logical
conclusion Locke Theory of Ideas Ideas Criticism of Abstract Ideas
Lockes theory of abstract ideas Berkeleys criticism General ideas
Language problem Rejection of abstract ideas: rejection of
matter
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George Berkeley Empirical Reformation Arguments from Mental
Dependency Meaning Argument Idea argument Objection & reply
Argument from Pain & Pleasure The argument Heat & pain
Objection & reply
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George Berkeley Empirical Reformation Arguments from Perceptual
Relativity Hot & Cold Argument Taste & Odor Argument Sound
Color Results
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George Berkeley Empirical Reformation Primary & Secondary
Qualities Arguments Primary & Secondary Qualities Contradiction
argument Inseparability Argument Extension Argument Objection:
extension & matter in general Number Argument Dream Argument
Distance Argument
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George Berkeley Empirical Reformation Imagination Argument
Criticism of Representational Realism Locke Objection Primary &
secondary qualities
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George Berkeley Metaphysics The World Objection: banishing the
real Reply Dreams vs. Reality Existence Samuel Johnson Seeming
Absurdity
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George Berkeley Metaphysics Cause of Ideas Goal Ideas cannot
Cause Ideas Material Substance Substance Spirit & Ideas Spirit
There can be no idea of soul or spirit The active mind Ideas of
sense
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George Berkeley Metaphysics Proof of Gods Existence Knowledge
of other spirits Argument from design God: another proof &
cause God the Perceiver Perceiver Refutation of Deism Deism
Refutation
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George Berkeley Metaphysics Problem with God The Problem Hylas
Dilemma Berkeleys Reply Hylas Reply
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George Berkeley Science & Laws of Nature Science in an
Immaterial World Berkeleys View The Laws of Nature Causation
Science & Religion Scriptural Argument Time & Space
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George Berkeley Problems & Impact Trilemma Solipsism
Representative Realism Pantheism Other Problems Perceiving &
Conceiving Notion Common Sense Hume Theists