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all slides for general and honors chem
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Notebook TabsBinder Tabs---ReferenceNotesStudy GuidesAssignmentsLab WorkRefer to handout for specific instructions
Chemistry is a Physical Sciencepp. 3-5
The study of: the composition, structure and properties of matter the processes that matter undergoes the energy changes that accompany these processes.What Is Chemistry?
Organicstudy of most carbon-containing compoundsInorganicstudy of non-organic substancesPhysicalstudy of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy6 Branches of Chemistry
Analyticalidentification of the components and composition of materialsBiochemistrystudy of substances and processes occurring in living thingsTheoreticaluse of math and computers to understand chemical behavior
6 Branches of Chemistry
Take the Post-it provided and write down a career having to do with chemistry NOT CHEMISTRY TEACHER.
Then place it under the appropriate branch of chemistry.
Dont fretbranches dont have clear cut distinctions so you will most likely get it right!!
Research done for the sake of increasing knowledge
Basic Research
Research done in order to solve a problem.Applied Research
Basic vs. Applied Research
Involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.Technological Development
SECTION REVIEWp. 5
General Chemistry 1-3Honors Chemistry 1-4
HOMEWORK
Matter and Its Propertiespp 6-14
Matter has 2 requirementsit must have volumeit must have mass
So what are volume and mass?Matter
Building Blocks of MatterAtomsmallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of the element
Elementa pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
Compounda substance that can be broken down into simple substances and is made from the atoms of two or more elements
Types of PropertiesExtensive
Amount of matter in a substance
Ex. Size, mass, length, shape and volume
Intensive
Does not depend on the amount of matter in a substance
Ex. Color, smell, density, boiling and melting pointsBoth
Can be observed changed or measured without changing the identity Used to observe and describe matter
Physical- characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substanceEx. melting point, boiling pt
Chemical- relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into a different substanceEasiest to see when a chemical is reactingTypes of Properties
change in a substance that doesnt change the identity of the substanceEx. grinding, cutting, melting, boilingIncludes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another)Physical Changes in Matter
definite volumedefinite shapeatoms are packed together in fixed positionsstrong attractive forces between atomsonly vibrate in placeSolid
definite volumeindefinite shapeatoms are close together atoms can overcome attractive forces to flow
Liquid
indefinite volumeindefinite shapeatoms move very quicklyatoms are far apartpretty weak attractive forces
Gases
Changes of State
high temperature state in which atoms lose their electronsEx. the sunPlasma
A BoseEinstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (that is, very near 0 K or 273.15 C).
Bose-Einstein CondensateHonors Only
A quarkgluon plasma or quark soup is a (possible) phase of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which exists at extremely high temperature and/or density. This phase consists of asymptotically free quarks and gluons, which are several of the basic building blocks of matter.Quark-Gluon PlasmaHonors Only
a change in which a substance is converted into a different substancesame as chemical reactiondoesnt change the amount of matter presentreactants- substances that reactproducts- substances that formChemical Changes in Matter
Evidence of a Chemical Change
when any change occurs, energy is always involvedenergy can be in different forms (light, heat, etc.) energy is never destroyed or created (law of conservation of energy)Energy Changes in Matter
Matter can be classified in two broad categories: MixturePure Substances
The deciding factor is can it be separated?
A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.
Classifying Matter
A pure substance has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways:
Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristics.
Every sample of a give pure substance has exactly the same composition.
Classifying Matter
Classifying MixturesAlso called solutions
Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paperVaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solidSeparation Techniques
Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottomCentrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separateSeparation Techniques
Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other
Separation Techniques
1.3 Elements
elements are pure substancesorganized by properties on periodic tableeach square shows the name and letter symbol for each elementusually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin)Ex: golds symbol is Au from aurumEx: irons symbol is Fe from ferrum Elements
Groupsalso called familiesvertical columnsnumbered 118have similar chemical propertiesPeriodshorizontal rowsproperties changes consistently across a periodPeriodic Table
Periodic Table
two rows below the periodic table are the lanthanide and actinide seriesthese rows fit after #57 and #89they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smallerPeriodic Table
Metalsan element that is a good conductor of electricityat room temperature, most are solidsmalleable- can be rolled or hammered into sheetsductile- can be made into wirehigh tensile strength- can resist breakage when pulledmost have silvery or grayish white luster
Types of Elements
Nonmetalsan element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricitymany are gases at room temperaturesome are solids: usually brittle, not malleableTypes of Elements
Metalloidsan element that has some characteristics of metals and nonmetalsappear along staricase lineB, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Teall are solids at room temperatureless malleable that metals but less brittle than nonmetalsare semiconductors
Types of Elements
Noble Gasesgenerally unreactive gasesin far right column of periodic table
Types of Elements
WORD WALL WEDNESDAY