Modern Asia

China

Ch. 28.1: 805 Opium War, Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion

Ch. 30.3: 882 Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai-shek), Long March

Ch. 33.2: 972 Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai-shek), Mao Zedong, collectivization, Great leap

Forward, Cultural Revolution

Ch. 35.5: 1059 Great Leap Forward, Cultural Rev, Tiananmen Square

The Opium War (1839-1842)

1. Chinese allowed one trade port

2. Britain started trading opium to China to solve trade imbalance

a. Trade imbalance, addiction, blocked ports,

b. 1839-Chinese officials destroy opium

c. sea war, GB wins

3. Ends with Treaty of Nanjing

a. Chinese pay, GB takes Hong Kong, 5 ports

b. Extraterritoriality- Brits living near ports were not subject to Chinese laws

4. Strong Western sphere of influence has begun

a. Area in which a foreign nation controlled trade and investment

The Tai Ping Rebellion (1850-1864)

1. Qing Dynasty lost the mandate of heaven???2. rebellions3. Led by Hong Xiuquan (Shee-oo-CHOO-ahn)

a. Heavenly kingdom of great peaceb. Demanded Social Reforms

Giving land to all peasants and equality for women, communal property

4. 1853-Tai Ping take Nanjing, 5. 1864 -Qing, Brit & French defeat 6. 20 million died7. Treaty of Tianjin

a. Chinese agree to legalize opium, ports for foreign tradeb. Kowloon peninsula to GB

8. Open Door Policy- equal access to the Chinese market for all nations

The Boxer Rebellion (1899)

1. Society of Harmonious Fists –Boxers (martial arts)

a. Upset over foreign influence in China ~ “destroy the foreigner”

b. Held foreigners hostage for 55 days

c. Killed Christians missionaries & foreigners

d. Allied army of the Western powers and Japan restored order

China

I. Sun Yat-senA. Revive China SocietyB. Formed the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang)C. People’s Principles:

1. Nationalism2. Democracy3. Right to pursue livelihood

II. Revolution of 1911A. Followers of Sun Yat-senB. Collapse of Qing dynasty

III. General Yuan Shigai1. President2. Dissolved the parliament

IV. Civil war

China (1920) – see p. 973

V. Nationalist Party (Kuomintang)

vs.

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

A. Alliance to drive out the warlords

B. Chiang Kai-shek takes leadership of Nationalists

1. 1927 Shanghai Massacre Kuomintang kill thousands of Communists

2. Communist leaders went into hiding

C. Mao Zedong communists leader

1. Guerrilla tactics

Mao’s fighting slogans

“when the enemy advances, we retreat!”

“when the enemy halts and camps, we trouble them!”

“when the enemy tries to avoid battle, we attack!”

“when the enemy retreats, we pursue!”

China

VI. Mao ZedongA. The Long March (p. 885)

1. 1934 People’s Liberation Army was surrounded by the Nationalists, but they broke through

2. Mao led his army of 90,000 to the NW, the March was 6,000 miles

3. 9,000 survived

B. Civil war breaks out in 19451. Mao defeats the nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek) 2. Nationalists flee to Taiwan3. Communists now ruled all of china

C. ExpansionD. Great Leap forward 1958

1. Nationalized industry and commerce, farms collectivized, communes

2. failed, millions of Chinese died

E. Cultural revolution1. Red Guards killed all who opposed Mao, targeted pro-western,

artists and intellectuals, little red book, out of control

China

VII.Deng Xiaoping A. Took control in 1976

B. Policy: 4 Modernizations: progress in industry, agriculture, technology, national defense

VIII.Tiananmen Square 1989A. Students protest called for to end

corruption and the Communist Party

B. Students were crushed by tanks and troops

JapanI. Japanese military leaders plot to replace the nation’s government

I. Assassinations of gov. officials

II. Japanese gov became dominated by the military

II. 1931 Manchurian incident: Japanese conquer Manchuria

I. Wanted Manchurian coal and iron

II. Manchuria becomes Manchukuo (a state under Japanese control)

III. Japan makes a break with the West

I. Withdrew from the league of nations

IV. Signs Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany

V. War between China and Japan began in summer of 1937 (second Sino-Japanese War)

I. The Nanking Massacre (Rape of Nanking) Dec. 13, 1937

a) Japanese troops go on a murderous rampage killing Chinese soldiers and civilians

b) “Comfort women”

c) At least 100,000 men, women, and children are killed

d) The world is horrified

Who is responsible?

General Iwane Matsui, 1945Convicted of war crimes and hanged in 1948

Tōjō before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East

40th Prime Minister of Japan

Prince Asaka in 1940commoner

He was sentenced to death on 12 November 1948 and executed by hanging on 23 December 1948

Atrocities of the Sepoy Mutiny

Armed with knives and hatchets they murdered the women and children. After the massacre the walls were covered in bloody hand prints, and the floor littered with fragments of human limbs. The dead and the dying were thrown down a nearby well, when the well was full, the 50-foot (15 m) deep well was filled with remains to within 6 feet (1.8 m) of the top, the remainder were thrown into the Ganges.

India 1840-Present

India

Chapter 27.4 British Imperialismp.791

Chapter 30.4 Nationalismp.887

Chapter 34.1 Freedom p. 997

IndiaI. British Rule

1. The British East India (trading) Co. a) hired Indian Soldiers called Sepoysb) Raw materials

2. Sepoy Mutiny(1857) ( First War of Independence)a) Immediate cause: rumorb) 50 Europeans are killedc) Indians losed) British gov. takes control

India

3. Benefits of British Rule order, honest gov. ,

School system, Infrastructure (railroads and telegraphs)

4. Costs of British rule Severe hardships,

forced tenants, loss of land, starvation, Indians inferior

IndiaII. Independence for India

1. Indian National Congress & Muslim league2. Amritsar Massacre

1. Public meeting, British troops shoot 400

3. Mohandas Gandhi-a) Civil disobedience- refusal to obey laws considered to be unjustb) non-violent resistance, boycott, arrestsc) Salt march (1930) thousands arrested, international newsd) leads to independence (1947)

III. Partition1. Division of India into Pakistan (Muslim) and India (Hindu)2. Jawaharlal Nehru (India’s 1st prime minister)

a) Secular, Western & modern

IV. Pakistan and Bangladesh1. Hindu in India and Muslim in Pakistan (Bangladesh 1971and Pakistan

1947) split - violence

V. Gandhi was killed in 1948

SE AsiaI. Communism

1. communist rule in Vietnam had an impact on the region

2. Laos and Cambodia had communist governments

3. Cambodia Wins independence from France in 1953 1975 Khmer Rouge (Communist) led by Pol Pot gain

power Everyone should work as peasants in “the killing fields” Urban life & modern civilization must be destroyed All opposition was destroyed Massacred 1.5-2 million Cambodians Vietnam invaded Cambodia & ended Pol Pot’s rule in

1979