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8/3/2019 Modelling and Simulation Assignment
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Modeling and SimulationTopic- Extend
Group Members:-Abhiranjan Rathore 11030241001Deepak Kanojia 11030241007
Harsha Hatti 11030241045Ketaki Kaujalgi 11030241014Reshmi MenonSumedha NayyarVikram Singh 11030241214
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Contents
Modeling and Simulation Simulation Tools
Introduction to EXTEND
Goal of Extend
Pioneering Features of Extend Extend Products
Extend Modeling Environment
Communication with Other Applications
Integrated Database
Data Analysis Optimization
Advantages of Extend
Applications
Conclusion
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Modeling and Simulation
Ways to study a system
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Simulation Tools
Softwar
e
Vendor Typical Applications of
the software
Primary Markets for
which the software is
applied
Arena Rockwell
Software
Manufacturing, supply
chain, customer
management, business
process, healthcare,
military, warehousing
and logistics
improvement
Manufacturing, supply
chain/logistics, business
process,military,healthcare
Automod Brooks
Automation
Material handling and
movement
systems,warehousing,ba
ggage handling and
manufacturing
Automative,aerospace,airp
ort
operations,manufacturing,
warehousing and
distribution
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Software Vendor Typical Applications of
the software
Primary Markets for
which the software is
applied
Extend Imagine
That
Model Continuous,
discrete event or
discrete rate processes
plus get a relational
data management
system
Large scale and rate based
systems,manufacturing,logi
stics,packaging
lines,transportation,busines
s,call
centres,engineering,scientific
Flexsim Flexsim
Software
Products
Inc.
Manufacturing, material
handling, warehousing,
distribution, real time
monitoring/ analysis,
supply chain, containershipping, storage
access systems
Manufacturing, material
handling, warehousing,
distribution, real-time
monitoring/analysis, supply
chain, container shipping,storage access systems
Micro saint Microanalys
is & Design
Inc.
Has been used primarily
to model applications in
defense, human factors,
manufacturing andservice industries.
Defense industry,huma
factors
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Introduction to EXTEND
Extend from Imagine That,Inc.,is a visual, interactivesimulation tool(Krahl 1995) that contains a built in
development system that allows the user to construct
components and build custom user interfaces.
Models are constructed graphically by dragging anddropping blocks(high level model components) from
library windows onto the model worksheet.
Data can be entered directly into block dialogs,
interactively using controls, or read from files as the
simulation runs.
Output is in the form of plots, histograms, tables, and
customizable reports.
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Extend exist as:
A standalone simulation tool which can be used to
create complex discrete event and continuous models
without programming.
A simulation authoring package where modelinterfaces can be easily created to enhance
productivity and ease of use, again no coding is
necessary.
A development environment for building sets of
custom reusable and integrated components. This
programming environment allows the modeler to
create their own simulator.
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Goal of Extend
The goal of Extend is that a modeler will be able to: Build models quickly
Make changes interactively
See results immediately
Explore all alternatives
Develop customized components
Simulate any system or process
Share models and components with others
Use the model as a virtual environment for
communicating ideas
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Pioneering Features of Extend
In the process of developing and enhancing Extend,Imagine That has scored a number of firsts in the
simulation industry.
YEAR INNOVATION
1988 First open source modeling components1988 First template-based (library) simulation system
1988 First application designed for a GUI
1992 First hierarchical modeling environment
1992 First message-based discrete event architecture
1995 First Windows/Macintosh simulation system
1998 First scripting capability
2001 First open source Optimizer
2001 First drag and drop ActiveX support
2001 First integrated support for proof animation
2001 First integrated network communication support
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Extend Products
Extend is unique in its use of open source and an integrateddevelopment environment. This allows model builders to createtheir own components based on the standard components.
Extend product family is designed to meet the needs of the
entire enterprise. All products based on Extend include
Drag and drop modeling using the Extend built-in modelingcomponents.
A full suite of inter-process communication tools for communicatingwith other applications such as Microsoft Excel.
Hierarchical modeling architecture
Evolutionary Optimization
Animation
The innovative ModL language for development of vertical marketsimulation solutions.
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EXTEND
PRODUCT
DESCRIPTION TYPICAL USE
Extend Drag and drop simulation for
continuous models
Continuous modeling of scientific
and engineering systems.Extend +
BPR
Business process
reengineering package
Modeling business processes
Extend +
Manufacturin
g
Advanced discrete event
modeling components
Manufacturing, healthcare and
communications.
Extend +
Industry
Adds an integrated database
and high speed systems
modeling to Extend+
Manufacturing
High speed processes and
complex systems where it is
useful to separate the model data
from the structure
Extend Suite Proof Animation and Stat::Fit
as well as the BPR andmanufacturing modules
Organizations which need to
model complex processes andbuild high quality animations.
Industry Suite Extend Suite and the added
benefit of the industry module
The ultimate in simulation
support, combining continuous,
discrete event, rate, embedded
database and sophisticated
animation in one package.
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Extend Modeling Environment
Extend models are constructed with library based iconicblocks.
Each block describes a calculation or a step in process.
Block dialogs are mechanism for entering model data
and reporting block results. Blocks reside in libraries. Each library represents a
grouping of blocks with similar characteristics such as
discrete event, plotter, electronics or business process
reengineering.
Blocks are placed on the model worksheet by dragging
them from the library window onto the worksheet.
The flow is then established between the blocks.
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Extend Modeling Structure
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Single Server, Single Queue
Example
Model of car wash is shown.
Generator block:
periodically creates items
(dirty cars in this case)
Queue: FIFO block that holds the cars until requested bythe next block.
Wash bay: Represented by activity delay block with alimited capacity of one processing unit.
Input Random Number block-specifies the delay for the
activity and is connected to D or delay connector. Eachtime a car arrives to a activity, a new value is sampledfrom this.
Exit block: removes the cars from the system.
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Graphical Output
Discrete Event Plotter graphicallydisplays model metrics(values).
Plotter will graph the contents of thequeue (number of dirty cars waitingin line)over time.
Length connector(L) on queue FIFOis connected to an input on theplotter.
During and after the simulation run,the results of the simulation arereported within the blocks,
displayed on plotters, sent toreports and exported to other
applications.
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an e er mu at on n
Extend
VV 11 22
Cust omers
Cust omer s come
i n f r o n t d oo r
FF
LL WW
Wai t i ng Li ne
DD
TT UU
Tel l er 1P l o t t e r
DD
TT UU
Tel l er 2
DD
TT UU
Tel l er 3
##
( 4)( 4)Exi tExi t
Pl ot t er
Hel pHel p
countcount
T e l l e r s
Leave bank
The first/customer blockgenerates an arrival stream ofcustomers according to somearrival process that youspecify.
The "waiting line" block simplyrecords how long eachcustomer is in the waitingqueue.
The teller blocks delay eachcustomer for some random
length of time. As with thefirst block, you can specifythe distribution of this delay.
The final block simplyremoves completedcustomers from the system.
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Questions that can be answered
with such simulation Some examples are:
What's the benefit of adding more tellers? Is it worth
the cost?
What's the effect of offering specialized service,
for example, a "deposits only" teller?
What is the effect of reducing the service time, e.g.,
by increasing the wage rate so that the bank keeps
more experienced tellers?
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Communication with Other
Applications
Automatic communication between Extend and otherapplications can take following forms:
Paste- Link where the information is automaticallyupdated between Extend and Excel. Setting up this type of
communication only requires copying the value in oneapplication (Extend or Excel) and selecting paste-link inother application. This produces a live link that updateswhenever the value in the host application changes.
The IPC(Inter Process Communication) library in Extendallows models to send data to, get data from and executemacros within other applications, including Excelspreadsheets. These blocks utilize IPC functions tocommunicate directly with other applications and respondto simulation events and traverse the spreadsheet.
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Extend can access database information through
ODBC(Open Database Connectivity) .As with all of
Extends inter process features, this is available both
on the block level(accessible with no programmingrequired) and on API level within Extends ModL
programming environment.
DLL(Dynamic Link Library):A separate application in
the form of a DLL can be called from the ModL code.
This library can be written in any one of a number ofpopular programming languages including
FORTRAN,C,C++,PASCAL.
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Integrated Database
The Extend + Industry package contains an integrated
relational database. This database provides a complete
data management system for model input and output.
The database is built directly into the model to houseproduct data, process information and experiment with
scenarios.
By separating data from the model, the database
enables fast scenario implementation, flexible analysis
and improved project management. Configure tables for experiments and reports
Use database aware blocks to built powerful model constructs.
Assign strings to items using database aware attributes.
Leverage dates, times and other data formats such as currency.
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Integrated Database.
Integrated database is relational and parent-childrelationships can be used to better organize the
information in the model.
For example, each entry in a table of part types can
reference its own unique routing table. This is an extremely powerful feature for organizing
information used in complex simulation models.
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Data Analysis
Extend offers a number of methods for analyzing bothinput and output data. These range from internalanalysis features to built-in interfaces with otherapplications.
An interface to distribution-fitting programs is provided toaid users in selecting appropriate statistical distributionsbased on empirical data collected in the field.
Sensitivity analysis can be performed to determine howsensitive a system is to changes in specific inputparameters.
For example: to determine how sensitive the car wash is
to the changes in the inter-arrival time of dirty cars,sensitivity analysis can be performed on the inter-arrivalmean parameter of the Generator block.
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Data Analysis.
By selecting the inter-arrival time dialog item and choosing
Sensitize parameter from the Edit menu, the change in the
parameter value from one run to the next is defined.
Simulation parameters such as the number of runs and
simulation end time can be specified in the Simulation Setupdialog under the Run menu. By cycling through different inter-
arrival times for the dirty cars and comparing the results from
the different runs, an understanding of how sensitive the car
wash is to the arrival rate of dirty cars an be obtained.
The Statistics library helps users to collect and analyze outputdata. Blocks from the Statistics library automatically gather
data from the specific blocks and calculate confidence
intervals.
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Optimization
Extends Evolutionary Optimizer employs powerfulenhanced evolutionary algorithms to determine the
best model configuration.
Using a drag and drop interface, performance metrics
and parameters that can be varied are entered into theOptimizer block. These parameters are used in an
equation that defines the objective function.
When the model is run, the Optimizer block generates
alternatives and locates the statically best configuration.
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Optimization
Unlike external optimizers, Extends optimization is wellintegrated into the program. For eg, when the
optimization process is complete, model parameters are
automatically set to the optimal configuration. In addition,
because the optimizer has been implemented in a block,
the source code is available for examination and
modification.
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Advantages of Extend
Interactive Even during a model run, Extend parameters and model logic can
be changed "on the fly" rather than having to wait until thesimulation ends. This means we can get fully involved with anExtend model, even play with it, and leave no alternativeunexplored. Extend's point and click interactivity translates intofaster answers and winning solutions.
Reusable We can create, reuse, even distribute Extend blocks the
components that comprise a model. Group existing blocks to savethem as one hierarchical block. Or develop custom blocks withunique behaviors, icons, and dialogs. Store our new block in an
Extend library for reuse in other models or for distribution to others.Block reusability increases productivity, improves consistency ofdesign, and avoids having to reinvent the wheel each time you builda new model.
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Advantages of Extend
Scalable Because of its powerful constructs and unlimited hierarchicalstructure, Extend is used to produce complex enterprise-widemodels. Yet its accessibility makes it the simulation tool ofchoice for small and mid scale models. While we can add morefunctionality to Extend, in the form of third party modules andcompanion products, we always have full capability to model any
size project. Visually Transparent
Block icons convey the structure and behavior of the model at aglance. In Extend, both the flow of items and the flow of valuesare graphically represented. This unique mapping of visualmeanings into their equivalent icons promotes quick
understanding of a model to anyone viewing it. Extend Firsts
Extend was the first simulation tool developed specifically for awindowing environment.
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Advantages of Extend
Well Connected Extend supports the component object model (COM/ActiveX) andopen database connectivity (ODBC). We can embed an Excelspreadsheet into our Extend model, directly access data from adatabase, control an application from within Extend, or have itcontrol Extend. These technologies have been implemented asmodeling components so that communication between applications
is a drag-and-drop operation, with no programming necessary. Extendable (open source)
Extend block components are developed using its compiledlanguage and integrated development environment. They are OpenSource to allow modification and enhancement. We can alterexisting blocks and develop new proprietary components fordistribution to internal or external customers. Linking to code and
routines written in external languages is also supported. Extend'sopen source architecture gives us the freedom to model anything.
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Applications
Since Extend is a general purpose simulationprogram, it has been used in many types ofsimulation projects. Areas where Extend has beensuccessfully applied include Manufacturing
Service industries Business Process Reengineering
Communications
Logistics
Health care
Control systems
Environmental studies
High speed processing
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Supply Chain Simulation
The Pre-analytical,analytical and Post-
analytical blocks each
simulate their portion of
the labs operation.
Pre-analytical section
models specimen receipt,
accession number,
specimen receipt time
and the number of teststo be performed.
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Supply Chain Simulation
Analytical hierarchical gathers information about thenumber of accessions and tests performed by the
analyzer and determine turn-around times and
utilization for all instruments
Post Analytical blocks export pertinent data to aMicrosoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis and
reporting.
Communication between model and the
spreadsheet is handled automatically by ExtendsIPC(Inter-Process Communication) library.
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Conclusion
Extends design provides a superior simulationenvironment. Its intuitive interface, rich set of modeling
components, an extensive authoring and development
environment ,and more advanced simulation technology,
makes it a better solution for simulation engineers who
need to efficiently utilize their modeling time. Extend has
succeeded in defining its position as a leader in
simulation software .