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6/26/2014
1
Modeling the Scrap
Industry
NMRA National
Cleveland July 2014
Tom Stewart
Outline
• Why model scrap? • History • Scrap Grades • Modeling Scrap • Rail cars • Vehicles • Scrap yards • Final Destination-Steel Furnaces • Resources
Why Model Scrap?
• Used in all eras since early 20th century
• Integral part of most steel mills
• Can be separate industry-large or small
• Interesting loads
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History
• Came into business w/ advent of open hearth steelmaking late 19th century
• Use for old, broken iron steel materials
• Home scrap use-mill mistakes & crops/shears
• EAFs use all scrap charge for specialty steel
• BOP continues use of scrap charge second half of 20th century
Grades of Scrap • There are many grades of scrap based both on size & content. The smaller
sized pieces and more pure scrap steel are typically worth more. • Common varieties of scrap are:
• Bundle - Scrap compressed into rectangular blocks Bushelling - small loose scrap from machine shops etc. Frag or shredded- cars & appliances. Plate & Structural - I-Beams, pipe, plate, RR cars, loaded loose
Heavy Melt - Broken ingot molds, crop ends, engine blocks, usually cast items.
• All scrap is graded and priced accordingly. #1 is the best quality. # 1 frag is made from clean scrap sheet steel, #2 is made from cars and appliances and anything that can get into the shredder.
• No. 1 scrap is mild steel with no coatings or alloying. It is usually used as a high quality dilutant when making relatively high quality steels from scrap. No. 2 and 3 are generally lower quality scrap with alloys and coatings. Many times, no. 1 has known chemistry composition, which the other grades don't. No. 1 is typically punchings, cuttings, and other prompt scrap from manufacturing operations.
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Grades of Scrap
• The best is No. 1 bundles or No 1 loose, which are trim and punchings from brand new steel of known composition. This is generally the highest price scrap.
• The worst is probably old cars, which contain significant quantities of copper & other metals. This presents problems for producing high quality steel.
• Old structural steel commonly has lead paint leading to low prices per ton.
What is not Scrap • Materials not Accepted
• Propane tanks
• Gas tanks
• Aerosol cans
• Lead wheel weights
• Scrap bearing lead
• Lead pipe
• Chemical tanks w/ lead lining
• PCB containing devices capacitor, ballasts, microwave ovens
• Oil filters (unless completely drained and crushed
• Batteries
• Air bag canisters
• Mercury switches
• Lead battery cable ends
• Computers/electronics
• Transformers
• Nothing w/ Freon, liquid or sludge, chlorinated plastics
• Radioactive materials-radium dials, smoke detectors, military equip, fertilizer related equip
• Dirt, wood plastic, tires, cement/brick
Modeling Scrap
• Use the “real thing”
oMachine shop shavings
oGas/charcoal grills
oBits & pieces of real metal
• Metal pieces and electric train motors do NOT mix well
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Modeling Scrap Commercial Items
• Premade items-piles or gondola loads
• Usually resin or plaster
oChooch
oWalthers
oMr. Plaster
oOther small manufacturers
• Car loads often require cutting to fit
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Modeling Scrap Commercial Shapes
• Plastruct & Evergreen
oGood for structural beams & columns, angles
oCan be used for pipes & tubes
• Can be drilled, cut, bent, distorted and glued easily
• Can be expensive to procure a lot of it
Modeling Scrap Railroad cars & locomotives
• Old, cheap railroad cars (AHM/Tyco/Model Power)
• Gondolas, hoppers, box car ends
• Steam locomotives-old parts units, Revell kits
• Diesels-hoods, roofs, railings
• Trucks, wheels & underframes
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Modeling Scrap Common House hold items
• Bread wrappers
• Deli package sealers
• Credit cards
• Drink carton tabs & rings
• Plastic bottle caps (milk, soda, water)
• Pens, markers, pencils
• Straws
• Deodorant spiral rods
Modeling Scrap Household items
• Screen/mesh/badminton birdies
• Plastic cookie/candy holders
• Toy holders and wire
• Clothes hangers, paper clips, staples
• Metal strip on foil/plastic wrap boxes
• Aluminum foil
• Pencil shavings-simulate shredded steel
Modeling Scrap Modeling supplies
• Horn hook couplers
• Plastruct/Evergreen cut offs and punchings
• Sprues
• Railroad track rails
• Glue containers
• Other model parts-cars, ships, milt vehicles
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Modeling Scrap Painting & Weathering
• Red Brown & dark gray
• Silver
• Other colors
• Overspray
• Dean’s Method
• Washes
• Chalks/powders
• Markers, pencil, colored pencil
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Railroad cars
• Over the road gondolas
• Thrall/bathtub gondolas, woodchip cars
• In the mill gondolas
• Crop cars
• Kitbashes
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Vehicles
• Dump trucks
• Dumpster trucks
• Quarry trucks
• Cranes-tracked & wheeled – claw/grabber & magnet
• Front end loaders-buckets and forks
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Other Containers
• Dumpsters
• Lego boxes
• Cargo boxes
• Wire bins
• Walther coke containers
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Scrapyards
• Big or small, in the mill or separate industry
• Shear
• Shredder/baler
• Conveyor
• Scale
• Office building
• Cranes
• Scrap piles